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德克萨斯组铃铛铁线莲胚胎挽救及促进种子萌发技术研究

孙瑞琦 余伟军 曾黎辉

孙瑞琦,余伟军,曾黎辉. 德克萨斯组铃铛铁线莲胚胎挽救及促进种子萌发技术研究 [J]. 福建农业学报,2019,34(9):1040−1046. doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.09.007
引用本文: 孙瑞琦,余伟军,曾黎辉. 德克萨斯组铃铛铁线莲胚胎挽救及促进种子萌发技术研究 [J]. 福建农业学报,2019,34(9):1040−1046. doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.09.007
SUN R Q, YU W J, ZENG L H. Preliminary Studies on Embryo Rescue and Seed Germination Promotion of Clematis Texensis [J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2019,34(9):1040−1046. doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.09.007
Citation: SUN R Q, YU W J, ZENG L H. Preliminary Studies on Embryo Rescue and Seed Germination Promotion of Clematis Texensis [J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2019,34(9):1040−1046. doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.09.007

德克萨斯组铃铛铁线莲胚胎挽救及促进种子萌发技术研究

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.09.007
详细信息
    作者简介:

    孙瑞琦(1994−),男,硕士,研究方向:花卉与景观园艺(E-mail:308601900@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    曾黎辉(1973−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:花卉基因工程、花色调控(E-mail:125865014@qq.com

  • 中图分类号: S 567

Preliminary Studies on Embryo Rescue and Seed Germination Promotion of Clematis Texensis

  • 摘要:   目的  研究不同植物生长调节剂配比处理对德克萨斯组铃铛铁线莲打破休眠及胚胎挽救的影响,解决德克萨斯铃铛铁线莲萌发时间过长,高温胁迫引起种子发育中途败育的问题,为提高育种效率,缩短育种周期提供理论依据与指导。  方法  以德克萨斯组铃铛铁线莲‘王梦’为材料,设计12种不同浓度6-BA、NAA的正交试验筛选铃铛铁线莲胚胎挽救最适植物生长调节剂浓度,讨论椰乳作为培养添加物对胚胎挽救的促进作用;比较低温、变温及不同浓度GA、6-BA对打破铃铛铁线莲种子休眠的影响。  结果  将授粉后45 d的杂交铃铛铁线莲种子离体培养,MS基本培养基添加0.5 mg·L−1 6-BA和0.05 mg·L−1 NAA可以使铁线莲胚胎正常发育成熟的成功率达到47%,发芽率为54%;在此基础上培养基中再添加10%的椰乳,种子发育成熟率和发芽率均显著提高到62%。低温处理和光培养25℃/暗培养15℃的温度可以促进铃铛铁线莲种子发芽,配合50 mg·L−1 GA或30 mg·L−1 6-BA处理打破休眠更加显著。  结论  铁线莲胚可以通过离体挽救解决高温带来的败育问题;植物生长调节剂处理可以显著打破种子休眠,促进萌发。
  • 图  1  未完成双受精过程的胚

    Figure  1.  Embryos failed to complete double fertilization

    图  2  发育至45天杂交铁线莲种子

    Figure  2.  Seeds of clematis hybrid developed after 45 d

    图  3  胚胎挽救正常发育种子

    Figure  3.  Embryo rescue of normally developed seeds

    图  4  胚胎挽救败育(异常膨大)种子

    Figure  4.  Embryo rescue of aborted seeds (Abnormal enlargement)

    图  5  胚胎挽救败育(干瘪)种子

    Figure  5.  Embryo rescue of aborted seeds (wizened)

    图  6  胚胎挽救成功种子、败育种子对比

    Figure  6.  Embryo-rescued and aborted seeds

    图  7  胚胎挽救成功后播种出苗

    Figure  7.  Embryo-rescued seeds after sowing and germination

    表  1  不同消毒时间对铁线莲种子的影响

    Table  1.   Effect of disinfection time on clematis seeds

    消毒时间/min
    Sterilization time
    污染率/%
    Pollution rate
    褐变率/%
    Browning rate
    870.00±0.20 a8.33±0.03 c
    1030.00±0.10 b22.66±0.08 bc
    1216.66±0.08 bc33.33±0.08 b
    150±0 c 63.33±0.19 a
    注:同列数据后不同小写字母表示差异达显著水平(P<0.05),下同。
    Note: different lowercase letters after the data in the same column mean the difference reaches a significant level (P<0.05),the same as below.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同植物生长调节剂组合对铁线莲胚胎发育的影响

    Table  2.   Effect of hormone additions on clematis embryonic development

    编号 Number配方 Formula发育率 Growth rate/%发芽率 Germination rate/%
    10.1 mg·L−1 6-BA+0.02 mg·L−1 NAA20.00±0.10 e33.33
    20.1 mg·L−1 6-BA+0.05 mg·L−1 NAA28.33±0.16 de17.64
    30.1 mg·L−1 6-BA+0.1 mg·L−1 NAA26.66±0.08 de43.75
    40.3 mg·L−1 6-BA+0.02 mg·L−1 NAA25.00±0.10 e60.00
    50.3 mg·L−1 6-BA+0.05 mg·L−1 NAA33.33±0.08 ced60.00
    60.3 mg·L−1 6-BA+0.1 mg·L−1 NAA30.00±0.09 de44.44
    70.5 mg·L−16-BA+0.02 mg·L−1NAA28.33±0.08 de64.71
    80.5 mg·L−16-BA+0.05mg·L−1NAA46.66±0.13 abc53.57
    90.5 mg·L−1 6-BA+0.1 mg·L−1 NAA41.60±0.13 bcd52.00
    100.5 mg·L−1 6-BA+0.02 mg·L−1 NAA+10%椰乳(Coconut milk)50±0.1 ab50.00
    110.5 mg·L−1 6-BA+0.05 mg·L−1 NAA+10%椰乳(Coconut milk)61.66±0.06 a62.16
    120.5 mg·L−1 6-BA+0.1 mg·L−1 NAA+10%椰乳(Coconut milk)48.33±0.1 abc62.06
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  低温、温差处理对铃铛铁线莲‘王梦’发芽率的影响

    Table  3.   Effect of low temperature and temperature differentiation on germination of clematis seeds

    处理方法 Processing method40 d 发芽率 Germination rate at 40 days/%
    CK0
    低温 Low temperature15.00±0.05 a
    昼夜温差 Temperature difference23.33±0.06 a
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  植物生长调节剂处理对铃铛铁线莲‘王梦’发芽率的影响

    Table  4.   Effect of phytohormones on germination of clematis seeds

    处理方法 Processing method40 d 发芽率 Germination rate at 40 days/%
    CK36.66±0.06 cd
    5 mg·L−1 GA35.00±0.10 c
    20 mg·L−1 GA38.33±0.08 cd
    30 mg·L−1 GA30.00±0.13 d
    50 mg·L−1 GA76.66±0.14 a
    80 mg·L−1 GA28.33±0.08 d
    5 mg·L−1 6-BA21.66±0.16 d
    20 mg·L−1 6-BA68.33±0.06 ab
    30 mg·L−1 6-BA81.66±0.06 a
    50 mg·L−1 6-BA61.66±0.13 ab
    80 mg·L−1 6-BA55.00±0.20 bc
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2019-04-03
  • 修回日期:  2019-08-09
  • 刊出日期:  2019-09-01

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