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农药对银耳生长的影响及质量安全风险评估

姚清华 颜孙安 陈美珍 黄敏敏 林虬

姚清华,颜孙安,陈美珍,等. 农药对银耳生长的影响及质量安全风险评估 [J]. 福建农业学报,2019,34(9):1064−1072. doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.09.011
引用本文: 姚清华,颜孙安,陈美珍,等. 农药对银耳生长的影响及质量安全风险评估 [J]. 福建农业学报,2019,34(9):1064−1072. doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.09.011
YAO Q H, YAN S A, CHEN M Z, et al. Effects of Pesticides on Growth and Food Safety of Tremella fuciformis [J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2019,34(9):1064−1072. doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.09.011
Citation: YAO Q H, YAN S A, CHEN M Z, et al. Effects of Pesticides on Growth and Food Safety of Tremella fuciformis [J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2019,34(9):1064−1072. doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.09.011

农药对银耳生长的影响及质量安全风险评估

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.09.011
基金项目: 农业农村部国家食用菌质量安全风险评估项目(GJFP2018006);福建省科技计划公益类专项(2018R1018-7);福建省农业科学院创新团队建设项目(STIT2017-1-12);福建省农业科学院青年英才基金项目(YC2017-8)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    姚清华(1985−),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:农产品质量安全与风险评估(E-mail:yaoyaoshuimu@163.com

    通讯作者:

    林虬(1963−),男,研究员,研究方向:农产品质量安全与风险评估(E-mail:linqiu3163@163.com

  • 中图分类号: S 567.34

Effects of Pesticides on Growth and Food Safety of Tremella fuciformis

  • 摘要:   目的  研究不同农药对我国两种银耳(Tremella fuciformis Berk)主栽品种Tr01、Tr21生长及农药残留的影响。  方法  采用拌料方式添加不同质量浓度的9组(11种)农药处理,测定各组银耳生长性状、产量、农药残留并开展质量安全风险评估。  结果  在9组农药拌料栽培处理条件下,联苯菊酯、啶虫脒、氯氰菊酯、阿维菌素、乙酰甲胺磷、咪鲜胺、吡虫啉、异丙威、哒螨灵、克百威、毒死蜱11种农药在500 、1 000、2 000 mg·kg−1拌料质量浓度下,除吡虫啉组外,其他农药拌料组银耳均未检出农药残留。银耳中吡虫啉残留引起的最高膳食急性、慢性风险熵分别为0.006、0.000 9,远小于1,说明其膳食健康风险极低。20%异丙威乳油拌料添加会导致银耳子实体无法正常生长。3.5%氯氰菊酯、1.5%啶虫脒微乳剂,5%阿维菌素乳油,30%乙酰甲胺磷乳油拌料添加会显著降低银耳Tr01的产量。3%联苯菊酯、3%啶虫脒微乳剂,3.5%氯氰菊酯、1.5%啶虫脒微乳剂拌料添加会显著降低银耳Tr21的产量。  结论  银耳品种Tr01比品种Tr21更易受农药影响;异丙威等部分农药种类会抑制银耳生长;在试验条件下,银耳中的农药残留膳食风险处于可接受水平。
  • 图  1  古田县银耳主栽品种

    Figure  1.  Two major species of T. fuciformis cultivated in Gutian County

    图  2  农药拌料对银耳产量的影响

    注:*表示与对照组有显著性差异(P<0.05)。

    Figure  2.  Average fruiting body yield of T. fuciformis cultivated on substrates of 9 treatments

    Note: Asterisk indicates that significantly different between the experiment group and the control group (P<0.05).

    表  1  供试农药、剂型及其生产企业

    Table  1.   Formulations and manufacturers of pesticides under test

    处理 Group农药 Pesticide剂型 Formulation生产企业 Manufacturer
    P13%联苯菊酯,3%啶虫脒
    Bifenthrin, Acetamiprid
    微乳剂
    Micro-emulsion
    青岛正道药业有限公司
    Qingdao Zhengdao Pharma Co., Ltd.
    P23.5%氯氰菊酯,1.5%啶虫脒
    Cypermethrin, Acetamiprid
    微乳剂
    Micro-emulsio
    山东荣邦化工有限公司
    Shandong Rongbang Chemical Industry Co, Ltd.
    P35% 阿维菌素
    Abamectin
    乳油
    Emulsifiable concentrate
    山东金锐特生物科技有限公司
    Shandong Jinruite Bio-technology Co., Ltd.
    P430% 乙酰甲胺磷
    Acephate
    乳油
    Emulsifiable concentrate
    重庆农药化工(集团)有限公司
    Chongqing Pesticide Chemical Co., Ltd.
    P545% 咪鲜胺
    Prochloraz
    乳油
    Emulsifiable concentrate
    德国奥利恩作物保护有限公司
    Germany Aolien crop protection Co., Ltd.
    P610% 吡虫啉
    Imidacloprid
    粉剂
    Dustpowder
    济南一农化工有限公司
    Jinan Yinong Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
    P720% 异丙威
    Isoprocarb
    乳油
    Emulsifiable concentrate
    江苏辉胜农药有限公司
    Jiangsu Huisheng Pesticide Co., Ltd.
    P85% 哒螨灵,5% 啶虫脒
    Pyridaben, Acetamiprid
    微乳剂
    Micro-emulsio
    深圳诺普信农化股份有限公司
    Shenzhen Noposion International Investment Co., Ltd.
    P91% 丁硫克百威,4% 毒死蜱
    Carbosulfan, Chlorpyrifos
    颗粒剂
    Granules
    西安瑞邦化工有限公司
    Xi’an Ruibang Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  常压灭菌对银耳培养料中11种农药降解的影响

    Table  2.   Effect of sterilization on degradation of 11 pesticides in substrate for Tremella fuciformis cultivation

    编号处理
    Group
    灭菌前
    Before sterilization/(mg·kg−1)
    灭菌后
    After sterilization/(mg·kg−1)
    降解率
    Degradation rate/%
    P13%联苯菊酯,3%啶虫脒
    Bifenthrin, Acetamiprid
    9.616.4133.3
    0.580.1770.4
    P23.5%氯氰菊酯,1.5%啶虫脒
    Cypermethrin, Acetamiprid
    6.316.093.2
    0.260.1061.5
    P35% 阿维菌素
    Abamectin
    34.2926.2023.6
    P430% 乙酰甲胺磷
    Acephate
    1.21(0.51a)ND100
    P545% 咪鲜胺
    Prochloraz
    61.460.2099.7
    P610% 吡虫啉
    Imidacloprid
    46.3644.364.3
    P720% 异丙威
    Isoprocarb
    101.2471.5029.4
    P85% 哒螨灵,5% 啶虫脒
    Pyridaben, Acetamiprid
    17.7417.561.0
    2.380.7269.8
    P91% 丁硫克百威,4% 毒死蜱
    Carbosulfan, Chlorpyrifos
    ND(3.34b)ND(0.72b)ND(78.5b)
    28.031.9992.9
    注:a甲胺磷,b克百威;ND为未检出;
    Note:a Methamidophos, b Carbofuran;ND means undetected.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  11种农药不同拌料质量浓度对在银耳子实体的残留量

    Table  3.   Pesticide residues in T. fuciformis Berk cultivated on substrates of 9 treatments

    农药 Pesticide质量浓度 Concentration/(mg·kg−1)农药残留 Pesticide residue /(mg·kg−1)
    Tr01Tr21
    3%联苯菊酯,3%啶虫脒
    Bifenthrin, Acetamiprid
    500 ND ND
    1 000 ND ND
    2 000 ND ND
    3.5%氯氰菊酯,1.5%啶虫脒
    Cypermethrin, Acetamiprid
    500 ND ND
    1 000 ND ND
    2 000 ND ND
    5% 阿维菌素
    Abamectin
    500 ND ND
    1 000 ND ND
    2 000 ND ND
    30% 乙酰甲胺磷
    Acephate
    500 ND ND
    1 000 ND ND
    2 000 ND ND
    45% 咪鲜胺
    Prochloraz
    500 ND ND
    1 000 ND ND
    2 000 ND ND
    10% 吡虫啉
    Imidacloprid
    500 0.13 0.06
    1 000 0.21 0.14
    2 000 0.51 0.32
    20% 异丙威
    Isoprocarb
    500
    1 000
    2 000
    5% 哒螨灵,5% 啶虫脒
    Pyridaben, Acetamiprid
    500 ND ND
    1 000 ND ND
    2 000 ND ND
    1% 丁硫克百威,4% 毒死蜱
    Carbosulfan, Chlorpyrifos
    500 ND ND
    1 000 ND ND
    2 000 ND ND
    空白
    Control
    ND ND
    注:同列数据后不同小写字母表示同一品种银耳子实体组间直径存在显著性差异,P<0.05;*表示同一处理间,Tr01、Tr21子实体直径存在显著性差异,P<0.05。表5同。
    Note: Means with the different letter in column are significantly different according to Duncan's test (P<0.05). *Means between different varieties with asterisk are significantly different according to independent t-test (P<0.05). The same as Table 5.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  银耳中吡虫啉残留对不同消费者的膳食急性和慢性健康风险

    Table  4.   Acute and chronic health risk of imidacloprid residue in T. fuciformis for food consumption

    消费群体
    Consumers
    体重
    Body weight/kg
    每日摄入量
    Edible daily intake/(mg·kg-1 bw day)
    风险熵 Harzard risk quotient
    慢性 Chronic急性 Acute
    儿童 Children (2~5 years old) 16 4×10−4 0.000 9 0.006
    儿童 Children (6~11 years old) 29 2×10−4 0.000 5 0.003
    少年 Teenagers (12~19 years old) 51 1×10−4 0.000 3 0.002
    女性 Females 56 1×10−4 0.000 3 0.002
    男性 Males 65 9×10−5 0.000 2 0.002
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  11种农药不同拌料质量浓度对在银耳子实体生长的影响

    Table  5.   Growth of T. fuciformis cultivated on substrates of 9 treatments

    农药 Pesticide质量浓度 Concentration/(mg·kg−1)子实体直径 The diameter of fruit body/cm
    Tr01Tr21
    3%联苯菊酯,3%啶虫脒 Bifenthrin, Acetamiprid 500 9.0±1.3 abc 9.8±1.0 a
    1 000 11.0±1.7 cdef 10.5±1.5 ab
    2 000 10.3±0.3 bcdef 11.2±1.3 abcd
    3.5%氯氰菊酯,1.5%啶虫脒 Cypermethrin, Acetamiprid 500 7.0±0.5 a 10.5±0.5 ab*
    1 000 8.0±0.9 ab 13.2±1.0 cdef*
    2 000 9.3±2.1 bcd 11.5±1.5 abcdef
    5% 阿维菌素 Abamectin 500 10.0±1.5 bcde 13.0±0.5 cdef*
    1 000 10.2±1.5 bcdef 12.5±0.9 bcdef
    2 000 11.0±1.8 cdef 13.5±0.5 ef
    30% 乙酰甲胺磷 Acephate 500 9.7±0.8 bcde 13.3±0.3 def*
    1 000 10.7±1.5 cdef 13.7±1.0 f*
    2 000 10.3±1.3 bcdef 13.5±0.9 ef*
    45% 咪鲜胺 Prochloraz 500 9.8±1.3 bcde 11.8±0.6 abcdef
    1 000 12.7±0.3 f 12.5±0.5 bcdef
    2 000 11.3±1.8 cdef 12.7±0.6 bcdef
    10% 吡虫啉 Imidacloprid 500 11.2±1.0 cdef 11.2±2.4 abcd
    1 000 11.7±0.6 def 11.3±1.3 abcde
    2 000 11.2±1.2 cdef 11.3±1.0 abcde
    20% 异丙威 Isoprocarb 500
    1 000
    2 000
    5% 哒螨灵,5% 啶虫脒 Pyridaben, Acetamiprid 500 10.5±1.5 bcdef 11.0±0.5 abc
    1 000 11.2±1.6 cdef 11.3±1.9 abcde
    2 000 12.0±1.3 ef 11.2±1.0 abcd
    1% 丁硫克百威,4% 毒死蜱 Carbosulfan, Chlorpyrifos 500 10.0±1.0 bcde 11.7±1.0 abcdef
    1 000 10.3±0.6 bcdef 13.0±0.0 cdef*
    2 000 11.5±1.7 cdef 13.2±1.3 cdef
    空白 Control 11.2±1.0 cdef 11.7±1.4 abcdef
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2019-08-16
  • 修回日期:  2019-09-03
  • 刊出日期:  2019-09-01

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