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草海国家级自然保护区森林群落结构及物种多样性研究

何斌 李青 薛晓辉 刘勇

何斌,李青,薛晓辉,等. 草海国家级自然保护区森林群落结构及物种多样性研究 [J]. 福建农业学报,2019,34(11):1332−1341. doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.11.014
引用本文: 何斌,李青,薛晓辉,等. 草海国家级自然保护区森林群落结构及物种多样性研究 [J]. 福建农业学报,2019,34(11):1332−1341. doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.11.014
HE B, LI Q, XUE X H, et al. Composition and Diversity of Forests at Caohai National Nature Reserve [J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2019,34(11):1332−1341. doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.11.014
Citation: HE B, LI Q, XUE X H, et al. Composition and Diversity of Forests at Caohai National Nature Reserve [J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2019,34(11):1332−1341. doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.11.014

草海国家级自然保护区森林群落结构及物种多样性研究

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.11.014
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(41871031、31860111);贵州省科技合作计划项目(黔科合LH字[2015]7591);贵州省普通高等学校科技拔尖人才支持计划(黔教合KY字[2016]099)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    何斌(1980−),男,博士,副教授,主要从事森林生态学和植物生理生态学研究(E-mail:hebin23kewen@163.com

  • 中图分类号: Q 145+.2

Composition and Diversity of Forests at Caohai National Nature Reserve

  • 摘要:   目的  研究草海国家级自然保护区内的森林群落结构和物种多样性,旨在为研究区内森林的保护和抚育管理提供科学依据。  方法  采用典型样地取样法,在全面踏查的基础上选择分布相对集中、具有一定代表性的地段设置16块20 m×30 m的样地,在每个样地中沿对角线分别设置5块2 m×2 m的灌木样方和5块1 m×1 m的草本样方,从物种组成、外貌特征和物种多样性等方面对森林群落结构和物种多样性进行分析。  结果  草海国家级自然保护区内共有种子植物34科62属74种,其中乔木14种、灌木23种、草本37种。群落分层明显,乔木层主要有云南松、华山松、杉木、槲栎、滇杨、云贵鹅耳枥等,灌木层和草本层的优势种取决于群落类型及其所处的生境。样地内所有个体的垂直结构呈偏正态分布、径级结构呈偏倒“J”型、冠幅结构呈倒“J”型,表明群落结构稳定、生长状况良好。群落中重要值>5的6个物种在垂直结构、径级结构和冠幅结构方面差异显著。群落内丰富度指数和多样性指数均表现为:草本层>灌木层>乔木层,均匀度指数表现为:灌木层>草本层>乔木层。  结论  草海国家级自然保护区因地处滇东高原向贵州高原过渡的顶点区域,森林群落物种较少,多样性较低,但群落结构比较稳定;杉木群落大径级植株较多,属于衰退型群落,将逐渐走向衰退;云贵鹅耳枥群落径级结构缺失严重,特别是大径级植株,处于濒危状态,应加强群落的保护和抚育管理。
  • 图  1  样地内所有木本植物高度级分布

    Figure  1.  Distribution of height of woody plants on sample plots

    图  2  重要值大于5的6个主要树种的高度级结构

    Figure  2.  Height distribution of 6 species with critical indicators scored greater than 5

    图  3  样地内所有木本植物径级分布

    Figure  3.  Distribution of trunk-diameter of woody plants on sample plots

    图  4  重要值大于5的6个主要树种的径级结构

    Figure  4.  Distribution of trunk-diameter on 6 species with critical indicators scored greater than 5

    图  5  样地内所有木本植物冠幅分布

    Figure  5.  Distribution of canopy-width of woody plants on sample plots

    图  6  重要值大于5的6个主要树种的冠幅结构

    Figure  6.  Distribution of canopy-width on 6 species with critical indicators scored greater than 5

    图  7  草海国家自然保护区森林群落物种多样性指数

    Figure  7.  Diversity of forest communities in Caohai National Nature Reserve

    表  1  调查样地生境状况

    Table  1.   Habitat conditions of sampling plots

    样地编号 plot No.地理坐标 Geographical coordinate海拔 Altitude/m坡度 Slope郁闭度 Canopy density群落类型 Community type
    1 104°21'76″E, 26°86'63″N 2 180 25° 0.67 针叶林 Coniferous forest
    2 104°22'21″E, 26°87'90″N 2 111 28° 0.80 针叶林 Coniferous forest
    3 104°20'89″E, 26°88'06″N 2 090 20° 0.75 针叶林 Coniferous forest
    4 104°20'35″E, 26°87'28″N 2 182 11° 0.70 阔叶林 Broadleaf forest
    5 104°15'42″E, 26°83'73″N 2 200 10° 0.85 针叶林 Coniferous forest
    6 104°15'43″E, 26°83'82″N 2 157 12° 0.65 针叶林 Coniferous forest
    7 104°19'33″E, 26°87'37″N 2 151 18° 0.70 阔叶林 Broadleaf forest
    8 104°19'35″E, 26°84'72″N 2 227 23° 0.8 阔叶林 Broadleaf forest
    9 104°19'40″E, 26°84'61″N 2 160 25° 0.75 阔叶林 Broadleaf forest
    10 104°19'03″E, 26°85'58″N 2 191 43° 0.69 针叶林 Coniferous forest
    11 104°18'61″E, 26°79'78″N 2 250 24° 0.80 阔叶林 Broadleaf forest
    12 104°18'51″E, 26°79'98″N 2 237 20° 0.70 针叶林 Coniferous forest
    13 104°19'58″E, 26°81'19″N 2 228 23° 0.75 阔叶林 Broadleaf forest
    14 104°34'79″E, 26°80'58″N 2 160 26° 0.68 针叶林 Coniferous forest
    15 104°35'26″E, 26°80'57″N 2 130 29° 0.85 阔叶林 Broadleaf forest
    16 104°27'33″E, 26°82'99″N 2 224 31° 0.85 阔叶林 Broadleaf forest
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  草海国家级自然保护区森林群落科、属、种组成

    Table  2.   Composition of species, genera and families in forest communities at Caohai National Nature Reserve

    序号
    Serial number
    科名
    Family name
    属数
    Number of genus
    种数
    Number of Species
    1 松科 Pinaceae 2 2
    2 柏科 Cupressaceae 1 1
    3 杉科 Taxodiaceae 1 1
    4 杨柳科 Salicaceae 1 5
    5 壳斗科 Fagaceae 1 3
    6 桦木科 Betulaceae 3 3
    7 胡桃科 Juglandaceae 1 1
    8 蔷薇科 Rosaceae 8 10
    9 小檗科 Berberidaceae 2 2
    10 三白草科 Saururaceae 1 1
    11 菊科 Compositae 6 7
    12 豆科 Leguminosae 1 1
    13 忍冬科 Caprifoliaceae 2 2
    14 杨梅科 Myricaceae 1 1
    15 杜鹃花科 Ericaceae 1 1
    16 藤黄科 Guttiferae 1 1
    17 百合科 Liliaceae 2 2
    18 木通科 Lardizabalaceae 1 1
    19 五加科 Araliaceae 1 1
    20 锦葵科 Malvaceae 1 1
    21 木犀科 Oleaceae 1 1
    22 桑科 Moraceae 1 1
    23 车前科 Plantaginaceae 1 1
    24 牻牛儿苗科 Geraniaceae 1 1
    25 茜草科 Rubiaceae 1 2
    26 堇菜科 Violaceae 1 1
    27 蓼科 Polygonaceae 1 1
    28 禾本科 Gramineae 6 7
    29 唇形科 Labiatae 5 5
    30 玄参科 Scrophulariaceae 1 1
    31 酢浆草科 Oxalidaceae 1 1
    32 毛茛科 Ranunculaceae 1 2
    33 天南星科 Araceae 2 2
    34 马钱科 Loganiaceae 1 1
    总计 Total 34 62 74
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2019-07-17
  • 修回日期:  2019-09-26
  • 刊出日期:  2019-11-01

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