Effects of Enterococcus faecium on Growth, Nutrient Digestibility and Serum Biochemistry of Weaned Piglets
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摘要:
目的 研究饲粮中添加屎肠球菌8296对断奶仔猪生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响，为断奶仔猪应激能力提升提供依据。 方法 选取60头21日龄外三元（杜长大）断奶仔猪，随机分为3组（每组5个重复，每重复4头）：对照组饲喂基础饲粮，2个屎肠球菌组（EF1组和EF2组）分别饲喂添加0.1%和0.3%屎肠球菌8296的基础饲粮，试验周期30 d。测定并比较3组仔猪的生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和血清生化指标。 结果 ①与对照组相比，EF1组仔猪的平均日增重（ADG）显著提高（P＜0.05），料重比（F/G）显著降低（P＜0.05）；EF2组ADG和平均日采食量（ADFI）分别极显著（P＜0.01）和显著（P＜0.05）提高，F/G极显著降低（P＜0.01）。②EF2组仔猪的粗脂肪（EE）和钙（Ca）的表观消化率显著高于对照组（P＜0.05），磷（P）的表观消化率极显著高于对照组（P＜0.01）。③与对照组相比，EF1组仔猪血清中谷草转氨酶（AST）活性极显著降低（P＜0.01），免疫球蛋白M（IgM）含量显著升高（P＜0.05）；EF2组球蛋白（GLO）、磷（P）、免疫球蛋白G（IgG）的含量显著降低（P＜0.05），AST活性极显著降低（P＜0.01），甘油三酯（TG）和IgM的含量显著上升（P＜0.05），免疫球蛋白A（IgA）含量极显著上升（P＜0.01）。 结论 在饲粮中添加屎肠球菌8296可改善断奶仔猪生长性能、提高仔猪对营养物质的消化吸收能力，增强免疫力；添加剂量为0.3%时效果更显著。 Abstract:Objective Effects of Enterococcus faecium 8296 on the growth, nutrient digestibility, and serum biochemistry of weaned piglets were studied. Method Sixty 21-day-old, weaned, Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire-crossbred piglets were randomly divided into 3 groups with 5 replicates per group and 4 piglets per replicate. The groups were fed with either a basal diet as control, the basal diet with 0.1% addition of E. faecium (EF1) or the basal diet with 0.3% addition of E. faecium (EF2) for 30 d. Growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, and serum biochemical indices of the piglets during the testing period were determined for analysis. Result ① The piglets in the EF1 group had a significant increase on the average daily weight gain (ADG) (P＜0.05) and a significant reduction on the feed to gain (F/G) ratio (P＜0.05) over control. The piglets in EF2 increased significantly on ADG (P＜0.01) and on average daily feed intake (ADFI) (P＜0.05), while decreased significantly on F/G (P＜0.01) as compared to control. ② The apparent digestibility on ether extract (EE) and calcium (Ca) of the EF2 piglets was significantly higher than control (P＜0.05), and that on phosphorus (P) extremely significantly higher than control (P＜0.01). ③ The aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity in serum of the EF1 piglets was significantly lower than that of control (P＜0.01), but the serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) content was significantly higher than that of control (P＜0.05). The EF2 piglets had the serum globulin (GLO) , P and IgG significantly (P＜0.05) and AST activity extremely significantly lower than those of control (P＜0.01). The serum triglycerides (TG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) of the EF2 piglets were significantly (P＜0.05) and the serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) was extremely significantly higher than those of control (P＜0.01). Conclusion A diet supplemented with 0.3% of E. faecium 8296 appeared to significantly enhance the growth, nutrient digestibility, and immunity of the weaned piglets. -
表 1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平（风干基础）
Table 1. Composition and nutrient levels of basal diet（on air-dry basis） （单位：%）
项目 Items 含量 Content 原料 Ingredients 玉米 Corn 53.00 豆粕 Soybean meal 16.00 膨化大豆 Extruded soybean 8.00 鱼粉 Fish meal 4.00 血浆蛋白粉 Plasma 3.00 乳清粉 Whey powder 10.00 豆油 Soybean meal 2.00 预混料 Premix① 4.00 合计 Total 100.00 营养水平 Nutrient levels② 消化能 Digestible energy/ (MJ·kg−1) 14.12 粗蛋白质 CP 20.20 钙 Ca 0.71 总磷 TP 0.63 非植酸磷 NPP 0.45 赖氨酸 Lys 1.36 蛋氨酸 Met 0.41 蛋氨酸+胱氨酸 Met + Cys 0.78 注：①预混料为每千克饲料提供：VA 11 000 IU；VD3 2 000 IU；VE 55 mg；VK3 1.1 mg；VB1 2.2 mg；VB2 3.5 mg；VB6 3.2 mg；VB12 0.05 mg；烟酸40 mg；泛酸12 mg；生物素0.12 mg；叶酸1.1 mg；胆碱600 mg；Cu 150 mg；Fe 120 mg；Zn 110 mg；Mn 15 mg；I 0.15 mg；Se 0.3 mg。②营养水平为计算值。
Notes: ① Premix provided following nutrients per kg of diet: VA at 11 000 IU; VD3 at 2 000 IU; VE at 55 mg; VK3 at 1.1 mg; VB1 at 2.2 mg; VB2 at 3.5 mg; VB6 at 3.2 mg; VB12 at 0.05 mg; niacin 40 mg; pantothenic acid at 12 mg; biotin at 0.12 mg; folic acid at 1.1 mg; choline at 600 mg; Cu at 150 mg; Fe at 120 mg; Zn at 110 mg; Mn at 15 mg; I at 0.15 mg; and, Se at 0.3 mg. ② Nutritional values were calculated.
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表 2 屎肠球菌8296对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响
Table 2. Effects of E. faecium addition in forage on growth of weaned piglets
项目 Items 对照组
Control group屎肠球菌组
Enterococcus faecium groupEF1 EF2 始重 IBW/kg 6.76±0.28 6.67±0.12 6.73±0.15 末重 FBW/kg 18.48±0.45 Bb 19.06±0.34 Bb 20.28±0.34 Aa 平均日增重 ADG/kg 0.39±0.01 Bc 0.41±0.01 Bb 0.45±0.01 Aa 平均日采食量 ADFI/kg 0.60±0.02 b 0.61±0.00 ab 0.63±0.01 a 料重比 F/G 1.54±0.02 Aa 1.49±0.02 Ab 1.40±0.02 Bc 腹泻率 Diarrhea rate/% 2.50±0.06 b 2.67±0.18 ab 3.00±0.23 a 死淘率
Death and elimination rate/%0 0 0 注：同行数据后不同小写字母表示差异显著（P＜0.05），不同大写字母表示差异极显著（P＜0.01），相同或者无字母表示差异不显著（P＞0.05）。表3～4同。
Note: Data with different lowercase letter in same row values mean significant difference（P＜0.05）; data with different capital letter mean significant difference（P＜0.01）; and, same or no letter mean no significant difference（P＞0.05）. Same for Tables 3 and 4.
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表 3 屎肠球菌8296对断奶仔猪表观消化率的影响
Table 3. Effect of E. faecium addition in forage on apparent nutrient digestibility of weaned piglets （单位：%）
项目
Items对照组
Control group屎肠球菌组
Enterococcus faecium groupEF1 EF2 粗蛋白 CP 81.02±0.51 81.10±1.17 81.54±0.62 粗脂肪 EE 76.10±2.25 b 76.64±0.85 b 78.93±1.61 a 钙 Ca 95.33±0.55 b 95.34±1.40 b 97.01±0.78 a 磷 P 25.97±3.15 bB 27.48±2.13 bB 34.35±2.52 aA
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表 4 屎肠球菌8296对断奶仔猪血清生化指标的影响
Table 4. Effects of E. faecium addition in forage on serum biochemical indices of weaned piglets
项目 Items 范围 Range 对照组 Control group 屎肠球菌组 Enterococcus faecium group EF1 EF2 总蛋白 TP /（g·L−1） 60～80 75.33±7.23 65.67±4.04 64.00±7.94 白蛋白 ALB /（g·L−1） 18～33 24.67±3.21 23.33±2.52 25.67±2.31 球蛋白 GLO /（g·L−1） 23～38 50.67±4.04 a 42.33±1.53 ab 38.33±7.51 b 血糖 GLU /（mmol·L−1） 4.72～8.89 2.23±0.42 2.27±0.25 2.60±0.52 甘油三酯 TG /（mmol·L−1） 0.46～0.94 0.40±0.06 b 0.35±0.02 b 0.51±0.07 a 谷草转氨酶 AST /（IU·L−1） 16～65 143.00±28.00 aA 85.67±6.43 bB 80.67±5.13 bB 尿素氮 UN /（mmol·L−1） 2.1～10.7 2.50±0.10 2.40±0.46 3.00±0.35 磷 P /（mmol·L−1） 1.16～2.97 3.76±0.04 a 3.21±0.01 ab 2.98±0.59 b 免疫球蛋白 IgG/（mg·L−1） - 1 332.90± 25.44 a 1 347.50±2.40 a 1 222.00±68.33 b 免疫球蛋白 IgM/（mg·L−1） - 320.48±47.67 b 387.97±10.12 a 417.27±22.14 a 免疫球蛋白 IgA/（mg·L−1） - 95.17±15.75 bB 138.56±18.13 bAB 193.44±33.20 aA 注：各项生化指标范围由美国爱德士生物科技有限公司提供。
Note: Range of biochemical indicators in piglets was provided by IDEXX Bio, lnc.
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