度尾文旦柚辨形疏果最佳FSI阈值研究

王贤达; 范国成; 李健

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.03.006

度尾文旦柚辨形疏果最佳FSI阈值研究

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.03.006

福建省农业科学院果树研究所，福建　福州　350013

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD0202000）；莆田市科技计划区域重点项目（2016N1001）；福建省科技计划公益类专项（2017R1013-6）；福建省农业科学院科技示范基地项目（sfjd1707）

详细信息

作者简介:
王贤达（1986−），男，助理研究员，主要从事果树病虫害与栽培研究（E-mail: 564944260@qq.com）

通讯作者:
李健（1956−），男，研究员，主要从事果树生理与栽培研究（E-mail: Fujianlijian@126.com）

中图分类号: S 666.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-12-01
- 修回日期: 2020-02-10
- 刊出日期: 2020-03-01

Threshold Fruit Shape Index for Optimal Pomelo Thinning on Duweiwendan Trees

Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian　350013, China

摘要

摘要: 目的根据裂果率（FCR）与果形指数（FSI）负相关原理，研究FSI辨形疏果的最佳FSI阈值。方法由2016－2018年于仙游县度尾文旦柚主产区采集n=8 660的果实裂宽（FCW）与FSI数据，对果实FSI及其裂顶与否的分布进行分析，研究FSI辨形疏果的报酬与降低裂果率代价。结果 FSI=0.90是疏果报酬盈亏拐点，疏果FSI阈值的上限为0.90。经迭代回归模拟Logistic累积曲线，FSI≤0.83区间疏除裂果效率相对较高；当FSI≤0.80时，疏果量约20%，疏果报酬＞2.0；若FSI＞0.80时，疏果量将陡增，疏果报酬＜2.0，反之FSI＜0.80裂果疏除效率降低。据试验总体与3年裂果率Logistic累积曲线变率的峰值评估，FSI≤0.80疏果阈值可靠安全，无过度误导疏果可能。结论为降低疏果对产量的影响，提高疏果FSI阈值的可靠性，本文推荐最佳疏果阈值为FSI≤0.80，丰产年份可考虑提升疏果阈值为FSI≤0.83。
- 度尾文旦柚 /
- 果实裂顶 /
- 果形指数 /
- 辨形 /
- 疏果阈值
Abstract: Objective Based on the inverse relation between the fruit cracking rate and fruit shape index (FSI), thresholds to achieve optimal pomelo thinning on Duweiwendan, Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck. cv. Duweiwendan, was studied for orchard management. Method From 2016 to 2018, 8 660 pomelos on Duweiwendan trees were collected from the major producing areas in Xianyou County, Fujian to determine the fruit crack width (FCW) and FSI at the orchards. Distribution of the data compiled was used to access the cost/benefit to arrive at a recommended threshold for the fruit thinning. Result The upper limit of FSI at 0.90 was found to be the inflection point on the iterative regression simulation of logistic cumulative curve of the operation. According to the curve, at FSI≤0.83 a relatively high efficiency of cracked fruit elimination was obtained. At FSI≤0.80, 20% of the pomelos were discarded resulting in a definition greater than 2.0. At an FSI＞0.80, the amount of thinned fruits increased significantly, while the corresponding gain dropped to below 2.0. Conversely, if the FSI was reduced to less than 0.80, the operational efficiency declined. The peak of the logistic cumulative curve on the 3-year fruit crack rates, as well as the field statistics, indicated that a thinning threshold at FSI≤0.80 was appropriate with little concern of excessive loss on the fruit harvest. Conclusion An optimal threshold of FSI≤0.80 to improve the financial gain with a minimized harvest reduction was recommended for the Duweiwendan pomelo orchards. An FSI up to 0.83 could be considered in years when a bumper pomelo harvest is expected.
- Duweiwendan pomelo /
- fruit cracking /
- fruit shape index /
- fruit shape /
- fruit thinning threshold

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图 1 果实FSI累积分布

Figure 1. Cumulative distribution of pomelo FSIs

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表 1 度尾文旦柚果实裂果频率分析

Table 1. Fruit cracking frequency of Duweiwendan pomelo trees

FSI	果实 All Fruit/%		正常果 Normal Fruit/%		裂果 Crack Fruit/%		报酬 Reward
FSI	比率 Per	累率 CP	比率 Per	累率 CP	比率 Per	累率 CP	裂果/全果 CF/AF	裂果/正常果 CF/NF
0.70	0.31	0.31	0.05	0.05	0.27	0.27	0.86	5.50
～	～	～	～	～	～	～	～	～
0.78	2.62	12.92	0.83	3.96	1.79	8.96	0.69	2.27
0.79	2.79	15.71	1.00	4.96	1.79	10.75	0.68	2.17
0.80	3.37	19.07	1.34	6.30	2.03	12.78	0.67	2.03
0.81	3.81	22.89	1.57	7.87	2.24	15.02	0.66	1.91
0.82	3.73	26.61	1.64	9.51	2.09	17.11	0.64	1.80
0.83	4.11	30.73	2.11	11.62	2.00	19.11	0.62	1.64
0.84	4.17	34.90	2.34	13.96	1.83	20.94	0.60	1.50
0.85	4.56	39.46	2.76	16.72	1.80	22.74	0.58	1.36
0.86	4.39	43.85	2.62	19.34	1.77	24.51	0.56	1.27
0.87	3.99	47.85	2.41	21.75	1.58	26.09	0.55	1.20
0.88	5.31	53.15	3.57	25.32	1.74	27.83	0.52	1.10
0.89	4.69	57.85	3.06	28.39	1.63	29.46	0.51	1.04
0.90	4.21	62.06	3.04	31.43	1.17	30.63	0.49	0.97
0.91	3.81	65.87	2.72	34.15	1.09	31.72	0.48	0.93
0.92	4.33	70.20	3.29	37.45	1.04	32.75	0.47	0.87
～	～	～	～	～	～	～		～
1.08	0.14	100	0.13	62.49	0.01	37.51	0.38	0.60

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表 2 度尾文旦柚FSI累积曲线回归模拟方程参数与变率拐点

Table 2. Parameters and inflection point on regression equation of accumulated FSI on Duweiwendan pomelos

累积率 CR	回归方程参数 Regression equation parameters						累积率拐点 CR Inflect point
累积率 CR	k	a	b	RSS	F	P	始盛期 Starting period	峰值期 Peak period	盛末期 Ending period
全果 AF	1.015 4	3.02E+07	19.653 1	6.10E-03	3.20E+04	＜0.000 1	0.81	0.88	0.94
正常果 NF	0.639 7	1.65E+08	20.958 5	1.10E-03	6.10E+04	＜0.000 1	0.84	0.90	0.97
裂果 CF	0.374 1	2.77E+08	23.382 4	1.20E-03	2.90E+04	＜0.000 1	0.78	0.83	0.89
裂果 CF2016	0.331 4	8.56E+08	25.453	1.40E-03	1.50E+04	＜0.000 1	0.76	0.81	0.86
裂果 CF2017	0.374 6	4.12E+08	23.839	1.00E-03	2.30E+04	＜0.000 1	0.78	0.83	0.89
裂果 CF2018	0.411 1	8.32E+08	24.217 9	1.10E-03	2.40E+04	＜0.000 1	0.79	0.85	0.90
注：CR=k/（1+a.exp（−b.FSI））；残差平方和 RSS≤6.1E-3，所有方程均收敛。 Note: CR=k/（1+a.exp（−b.FSI））; residual sum of squares RSS≤6.1E-3; all equations are convergent.

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表 3 度尾文旦柚果形指数发育规律

Table 3. Development of FSI for Duweiwendan trees

果形 Fruit shape	果实编号 Fruit No.	初始果形指数 Initial FSI	果形指数变化/△FSI
果形 Fruit shape	果实编号 Fruit No.	初始果形指数 Initial FSI	△FSI1	△FSI2	△FSI3	△FSI4	△FSI5	Mean
高果形 H-FSI	1	1.100 5	−0.025 3	−0.002 5	−0.002 1	−0.016 8	−0.012 3	−0.011 8
	2	1.045 5	−0.002 1	0.043 6	−0.052 5	−0.044 7	−0.052 9	−0.021 7
	3	1.071 3	−0.025 7	−0.020 3	−0.054 8	−0.099 6	−0.115 4	−0.063 2
	4	1.002 5	0.010 4	0.036 7	−0.008 3	−0.029 0	−0.055 9	−0.009 2
	5	1.078 4	−0.053 0	0.027 3	−0.014 4	−0.063 1	−0.085 5	−0.037 7
	Mean	1.059 6	−0.019 2	0.017 0	−0.026 4	−0.050 6	−0.064 4	−0.028 7
扁果形 L-FSI	1	0.845 0	0.022 3	0.155 0	0.074 8	0.068 7	0.056 5	0.075 5
	2	0.770 3	−0.026 8	−0.016 7	−0.023 3	−0.012 6	−0.031 2	−0.022 1
	3	0.826 0	−0.030 3	0.047 7	−0.029 1	−0.026 2	−0.044 7	−0.016 5
	4	0.774 0	−0.019 3	0.035 5	0.032 9	0.020 2	0.056 9	0.025 2
	5	0.746 4	0.028 1	0.070 8	0.043 4	0.012 7	0.003 6	0.031 7
	Mean	0.792 3	−0.005 2	0.058 5	0.019 7	0.012 6	0.008 2	0.018 8
注：初次测定时间为5月30日，此后每间隔10 d测试1次；△FSIx表后面测定值－初始测定值。 Note: Initial measurement took place on May 30, followed by tests performed every 10 d thereafter; △FSIx = later measured value－initial measured value.

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表 4 试验期间度尾文旦柚采前降雨情况

Table 4. Pre-harvest rainfall on Duweiwendan pomelo trees

年份 Year	2016			2017			2018
月份 Month	7	8	9	7	8	9	7	8	9
雨量 Rainfall/mm	392	348	661	184	58	43	117	602	87
评价 Evaluation	异常 Abnormal	偏多 Excessive	异常 Abnormal	正常 normal	显著 Significant	显著 Significant	显著 Significant	异常 Abnormal	显著 Significant
	偏多 Excessive		偏多 Excessive		偏少 Less	偏少 Less	偏少 Less	偏多 Excessive	偏少 Less
注：根据《2016－2018年仙游县气候影响评价》。 Note: Data source: “Climate Impact Assessment of Xianyou County from 2016 to 2018”.

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