武夷山不同土壤利用类型土壤氨氧化微生物群落的季节动态

李巍; 黄彪; 黄敏敏; 刘文静; 郭嘉; 林香信

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.10.010

武夷山不同土壤利用类型土壤氨氧化微生物群落的季节动态

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.10.010

福建省农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所/福建省农产品质量安全重点实验室，福建　福州　350003

基金项目: 福建省自然科学基金项目（2014J01112）；福建省农业科学院自由探索科技创新项目（ZYTS2019028）；福建省农业科学院农产品质量安全创新团队项目（STIT2017-1-12）

详细信息

作者简介:
李巍（1984−），女，硕士，助理研究员，主要从事土壤化学与植物营养研究（E-mail：liwei6055@126.com）

通讯作者:
林香信（1972−），男，副研究员，主要从事农产品质量安全研究（E-mail：1353645173@qq.com）

中图分类号: S 154
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-04-20
- 修回日期: 2020-07-12
- 刊出日期: 2020-10-28

Diversity of Ammonia-oxidizing Microorganisms in Soils of Different Land Use on Wuyi Mountains

Research Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality & Safety, Fuzhou, Fujian　350003, China

摘要

摘要: 目的研究不同土地利用方式下土壤氨氧化微生物多样性的季节响应，以期了解武夷山不同土壤利用类型氨氧化微生物群落特征和季节变化。方法在福建省武夷山的常绿阔叶林区域，分别采集同一纬度下未被开发利用的原始林地和已被开发利用的茶园土壤，利用Illumina Hiseq高通量测序技术对土壤氨氧化微生物的相对丰度及多样性进行分析，同时测定土壤理化性质，并对二者进行关联性分析。结果（1）武夷山常绿阔叶林土壤含有丰富的氨氧化微生物资源，不同土地利用方式下土壤氨氧化微生物在Family水平相似，主要包括氨氧化古菌界的Unclassified Candidatus Nitrososphaera、Unclassified Crenarchaeota、Unclassified Thaumarchaeota、Nitrosopumilus、Others；氨氧化细菌界的Nitrosomonas、Nitrosospira、Unclassified Nitrosomonadaceae、Others，其中茶园拥有独特的Nitrosovibrio（亚硝化叶菌属）存在。（2）武夷山林地和茶园氨氧化微生物相对丰度有显著变化且随季节变化显著。（3）土壤氨氧化微生物群落结构与环境因子的关联性分析表明，不同的环境因子对土壤氨氧化细菌和土壤氨氧化古菌的影响不同，且不同季节的主要影响因子也存在差异，有效钾是影响氨氧化细菌变化的主要环境因子，而铵态氮是影响氨氧化古菌的主要环境因子。结论随季节变化武夷山常绿阔叶林土壤氨氧化微生物多样性呈现出规律性变化，不同土地利用方式对氨氧化微生物种类影响不大，但对其种群的相对丰度及季节相对丰度影响较大。
- Illumina Hiseq高通量测序 /
- 不同土地利用方式 /
- 氨氧化细菌 /
- 氨氧化古菌
Abstract: Objective Characteristics and seasonal changes of ammonia-oxidizing microorganism (AOM) community in soils under different land uses on Wuyi Mountains were studied. Method Soil specimens of virgin woodland and tea plantations in evergreen broad-leaf forest growing zones at same latitude on Wuyi Mountains in Fujian were collected for Illumina Hiseq high-throughput sequencing to analyze the relative abundance and diversity of AOMs in the region. The data were applied for a correlation analysis with the physiochemical properties of the local soil. Result (1) An abundant resource of AOMs was found in the soils. The microbial species in soil were similar despite varied land uses. The archaea domain of the AOMs included Unclassified Candidatus Nitrososphaera, Unclassified Crenarchaeota, Unclassified Thaumarchaeota, Nitrosopumilus, and others, while the bacteria consisted of Nitrosomonas, Nitrosospira, Unclassified Nitrosomonadaceae and others. At the tea plantations, a unique species, Nitrosovibrio, was found. (2) The relative abundance of AOMs in the region had significantly changed over time and was affected by the seasons. (3) The environmental factors affected the bacteria and the archaea of the AOM community in soil differently. The major influential factors also varied in accordance with seasons; and, potassium in soil affected mainly the bacteria, while ammonium nitrogen the archaea. Conclusion Regular seasonal changes on the AOM community in the soil of evergreen broad-leaf forest zone on Wuyi Mountains were observed. Although the microbial species in the soils did not differ significantly by the land use, their relative abundance varied significantly seasonally and by the land utilization.
- Illumina Hiseq high-throughput sequencing /
- land use /
- ammonia-oxidizing bacteria /
- ammonia-oxidizing archaea

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图 1 林地和茶园不同季节土壤氨氧化细菌（A）和古菌（B）的相对丰度

Figure 1. Seasonal relative abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea in soil on woodland and tea plantations

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图 2 林地（SD）土壤氨氧化细菌（A）和古菌（B）四季组成的韦恩图

Figure 2. Venn analysis of 4-year composition of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea in woodland soil

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图 3 武夷山茶园（CY）土壤氨氧化细菌（A）和古菌（B）四季组成的韦恩图

Figure 3. Venn analysis of four-year composition of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea in tea plantation soil

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图 4 林地（SD）和茶园（CY）氨氧化微生物细菌（A）和古菌（B）的PCA分析

Figure 4. Principal component analysis on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea in soils on woodland and tea plantations

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图 5 不同季节林地和茶园土壤氨氧化细菌（A）和古菌（B）相对丰度热图

Figure 5. Heatmap on seasonal relative abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (A) and archaea (B) in soils on woodland and tea plantations

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图 6 土壤氨氧化微生物与环境因子的RDA分析

注：A图为环境因子与氨氧化细菌的RDA分析，B图为环境因子与氨氧化古菌的RDA分析，C图为硝化势与氨氧化细菌的RDA分析，D图为硝化势与氨氧化古菌的RDA分析；环境因子中Apo为有效钾，pH为pH值，Oc为有机碳，An为铵态氮，Aph为速效磷，PNR为硝化势。

Figure 6. RDA analysis on AOMs and environmental factors

Note: A is RDA Analysis of environmental factors and Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria，B is RDA Analysis of environmental factors and Ammonia-oxidizing archaea，C is RDA Potential nitrification rate and Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria，D is RDA Potential nitrification rate and Ammonia-oxidizing archaea；Environ-mental Factors*: Apo is Available potassium，pH is pH value，Oc is Organic carbon，An is Ammonium nitrogen, Aph is Available phosphorus, PNR is potential nitrification rate.

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表 1 武夷山常绿阔叶林林地和茶园土壤基本理化性质的季节变化

Table 1. Seasonal variation of physicochemical properties of soils on evergreen broad-leaf forest land and tea plantations on Wuyi Mountains

地区 Area	季节 Season	总有机碳 Total organic carbon/ （g·kg⁻¹）	铵态氮 Ammonium nitrogen/ （mg·kg⁻¹）	速效磷 Available phosphorus/ （mg·kg⁻¹）	有效钾 Available potassium/ （mg·kg⁻¹）	pH
林地 Wood land	春 Spring	221.82	10.47	8.04	477.34	3.74
	夏 Summer	174.02	28.87	7.63	98.51	3.81
	秋 Autumn	134.58	18.43	11.95	290.45	3.98
	冬 Winter	88.03	19.53	9.43	221.29	3.74
茶园 Tea garden	春 Spring	66.57	58.90	12.07	479.57	3.77
	夏 Summer	87.27	80.48	15.14	305.14	3.77
	秋 Autumn	136.17	66.73	11.91	1 035.48	4.17
	冬 Winter	36.17	43.82	29.74	1 573.51	4.19

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表 2 氨氧化微生物与前4个约束性排序轴的特征值与累积解释量

Table 2. Eigenvalues and accumulated explanatory variables of AOMs and top 4 constrained ordinations

约束性排序 Constraint ordering	RDA1	RDA2	RDA3	RDA4
特征值a Eigenvalues a	2.348 3	0.534 0	0.139	0.062 7
特征值b Eigenvalues b	3.342	0.716	0.018	0.004
累计解释量a% Cumulative amount of interpretation a%	46.97	57.65	60.43	61.68
累计解释量b% Cumulative amount of interpretation b%	66.84	81.16	81.52	81.60
注：a表示环境因子与氨氧化细菌的特征值与累积解释量；b表示环境因子与氨氧化古菌的特征值与累积解释量。 Note: a express eigenvalues and cumulative interpretations of Environmental Factors and ammonia-oxidizing archaea；b express the eigenvalues and accumulated explanatory volume of environmental factors and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria.

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表 3 环境-物种相关系数及其重要性排序

Table 3. Environmental factors/microbial species correlations and order of importance

环境因子* Environ-mental Factors	排序轴1a Sorting axis 1a	排序轴1b Sorting axis 1b	排序轴2a Sorting axis 2a	排序轴2b Sorting axis 2b	环境因子-物种相关系数a Environment-correlation coefficients a	环境因子-物种相关系数b Environment-correlation coefficients b	重要性排序a Order of importance a	重要性排序b Order of importance b
有效钾 Available potassium	0.368 2	−0.469 6	0.929 8	0.882 9	0.385 0	0.287 4	1	2
pH	−0.997 1	−0.674 5	−0.766 0	−0.738 3	0.253 2	0.270 8	2	3
有机碳 Total organic carbon	−0.633 6	−0.466 0	−0.773 7	−0.884 7	0.252 0	0.2231	3	4
铵态氮 Ammonium nitrogen	−0.999 9	0.783 3	−0.009 5	−0.621 7	0.066 9	0.457 8	4	1
速效磷 Available phosphorus	0.799 2	0.279 1	0.601 1	0.960 3	0.056 4	0.047 3	5	5
注：a表示氨氧化细菌，b表示氨氧化古菌。 Note: a is ammonia-oxidizing archaea；b is ammonia-oxidizing bacteria.

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