避雨栽培对梨树根际土壤细菌群落的影响

陈小明; 曾少敏; 黄新忠

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.12.011

避雨栽培对梨树根际土壤细菌群落的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.12.011

福建省农业科学院果树研究所／福建省落叶果树工程技术研究中心，福建　福州　350013

基金项目: 福建省公益类科研院所专项（2019R1028-2）；福建省农业科学院科研计划项目（A2017-18）；福建省农业科学院果树创新团队基金项目（STIT2017-1-4）；国家梨产业技术体系基金项目（CARS-28-34）；福建省科技计划公益类专项（2020R10280015）

详细信息

作者简介:
陈小明（1978−），男，助理研究员，主要从事落叶果树育种、生理生化及栽培技术研究（E-mail：86806331@qq.com）

通讯作者:
黄新忠（1962−），男，研究员，主要从事落叶果树育种及栽培研究（E-mail：hxz0117@163.com）

中图分类号: S 661.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-07-02
- 修回日期: 2020-10-26
- 刊出日期: 2020-12-31

Effects of Rain-shelter cultivation on the rhizosphere bacterial communities of pear trees

Fruit Research Institute，Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Research Centre for Engineering Technology of Fujian Deciduous Fruits, Fuzhou，Fujian　350013，China

摘要

摘要: 目的研究避雨栽培对梨树根际土壤细菌群落的影响，为完善避雨栽培土壤管理措施提供理论依据。方法以同一梨园进行避雨和露地处理的梨树根际土壤为研究对象，测定和分析不同栽培方式对梨树根际微生物群落的影响以及其与土壤化学性质和梨果实品质之间的关系。结果梨树果实品质测定结果表明，相对于露地栽培，避雨栽培可以显著提高梨果实的蔗糖、还原糖含量，分别提高了1.83倍和1.08倍，但维生素C和总酸含量显著降低，分别减少了1.23倍和1.20倍。糖酸比显著增加，果实品质更好。梨园土壤化学性质结果表明，避雨处理的土壤速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量及含水量显著低于露地处理，全氮显著高于露地处理。根际土壤微生物测序分析结果表明，避雨处理的梨树根际土壤在门水平的细菌群落主要以变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）和放线菌门（Actinobacteria）为主，露地处理的梨树根际土壤在门水平的细菌群落主要以不可培养细菌（uncultured bacterium）、不可培养的森林土壤细菌（uncultured forest soil bacterium）和不可培养的变形菌（uncultured proteobacterium)为主；避雨处理显著增加根际微生物多样性和丰富度。相关性分析结果表明，避雨栽培根际微生物属多样性与全氮、速效氮含量和pH值正相关，但与全钾、全磷、速效钾、速效磷、有机质和水分含量呈负相关，而与果实蔗糖和还原糖含量正相关。结论避雨栽培对微生物多样性和丰富度有促进作用，增强梨树根际微生态环境的稳定性，有利于梨树生长和果实产量和品质，但不利于土壤的物质循环。适当的露地栽培有利于梨园的土壤物质循环，提高梨园生产的可持续性。
- 梨 /
- 根际土壤 /
- 避雨栽培 /
- 根际微生物 /
- 品质指标 /
- 土壤化学性质
Abstract: Objective To provide a theoretical basis for improving soil management measures of rain shelter treatment, the effects of rain shelter treatment on the bacterial community of pear tree rhizosphere soil were studied. Method The fruit qualities, and soil chemical properties and taxonomic composition of bacteria communities were determined under rain-shelter treatment and open field treatment in the same pear orchard. The correlation between bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of pear trees and the physio-chemical and fruit quality indicators under different treatments were analyzed. Result The results of pear fruit quality showed that the content of sucrose and reducing sugar under rain-shelter treatment were increased by 1.83 times and 1.08 times, respectively, as much that under open field treatment. The content of vitamin C and total acid under rain-shelter treatment were significantly decreased by 1.23 times and 1.20 times, respectively, as much that under open field treatment. Compared with open field treatment, the ratio of sugar to acid in rain-sheltered treatment increased significantly and fruit quality was better. The results of soil chemical properties of pear orchard showed that the contents of available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter and water content in the rain shelter treatment were significantly lower than those in the open field treatment, while the total nitrogen was significantly higher than that in the open field treatment. Sequencing analysis of rhizosphere soil microorganisms showed that the main bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil of pear trees under rain shelter treatment were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi and Actinobacteria at the phylum level. Uncultured bacterium, uncultured forest soil bacterium and uncultured proteobacterium were the main bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of pear trees in the open field. Rain-shelter treatment significantly increased rhizosphere microbial diversity and richness. Correlation analysis showed that the rhizosphere microbial diversity was positively correlated with total nitrogen, available nitrogen and pH value, but was negatively correlated with total potassium, total phosphorus, available potassium, available phosphorus, organic matter and water content, and was positively correlated with sucrose and reducing sugar content. Conclusion Rain-shelter cultivation can promote the diversity and richness of microorganisms, enhance the stability of the rhizosphere micro-ecological environment. Rain-shelter treatment is conducive to the growth of pear trees and the formation of fruit yield and quality, but it was disadvantageous to soil material circulation. Proper open shelter cultivation could make use of soil material circulation in pear orchard and improve the sustainability of pear orchard production.
- pear /
- rhizosphere soil /
- rain-sheltered treatment /
- rhizosphere microorganisms /
- quality indicators /
- soil chemistry

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图 1 不同栽培模式下梨树根际土壤细菌群落的门级（A）和属级（B）分类组成

Figure 1. Taxonomic composition of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil of pear trees at the phylum level and genus level under different cultivation modes

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图 2 不同栽培模式下梨树根际土壤细菌群落的α多样性（香农指数A）和丰富度（B）

Figure 2. The alpha diversity（Shannon index, A）and abundance（Chao1, B）of rhizosphere soil bacteria of pear trees under different cultivation modes.

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图 3 不同栽培模式下梨树根际土壤细菌群落主成分分析

Figure 3. rincipal component analysis of bacterial community in pear rhizosphere soil under different cultivation patterns

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图 4 不同栽培模式下梨树根际土壤细菌群落丰度变化

Figure 4. Bacterial taxa with different abundance changes in rhizosphere soil of pear trees under different cultivation modes

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 不同栽培模式下梨树根际土壤细菌群落的属级分类下与土壤理化性质（A）和梨品质（B）的相关性分析

注：TolN—土壤总氮，TolP—土壤总磷，TolK—土壤总钾，AvaN—速效氮，AvaP—速效磷，AvaK—速效钾，OC—有机质含量，WC—含水量，pH—pH值，Sug—蔗糖含量，还原糖含量，TolA—总酸，Vc—维生素C。

Figure 5. Correlation analysis between bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil of pear trees at the genus level and the soil physio-chemical indexes（A）and fruit qualities under different cultivation modes

Note: TolN—Soil total nitrogen, TolP—Soil total phosphorus, TolK—Soil total potassium, AvaN—Rapid available nitrogen, AvaP—Rapid available phosphorus, AvaK—Rapid available potassium, OC—Organic content, WC—Water content, pH—Acidity or alkalinity gradients, Sug—Sucrose content, RS—Reducing sugar content, TolA—Total acid, Vc— Vitamin C.

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表 1 不同栽培模式下梨果实品质

Table 1. The pear fruit qualities under different cultivation modes

样品 Samples	蔗糖 Sucrose/g·hg⁻¹	还原糖 Reducing sugar/g·hg⁻¹	维生素C Vitamin C/g·hg⁻¹	总酸 Total acid/g·kg⁻¹	糖酸比 Ratio of sugar to acid
TYGH	1.28±0.01 a	7.17±0.01 a	6.18±0.05 b	1.20±0.01 b	70.42
TY	0.70±0.03 b	6.64±0.12 b	6.97±0.07 a	1.44±0.01 a	50.97
注：TYGH--避雨栽培, TY--露地栽培（图1~3同）；小写字母表示P＜0.05水平上的显著性（表2～3同）。 Note: “TYGH” represent rain-shelter cultivation, “TY” represent open field cultivation（The same as Fig.1-3). The lowercase represent significant difference at P＜0.05 levels(The same as table 2-3.

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表 2 不同栽培模式下梨树根际土壤化学性质

Table 2. Chemical properties of soils from different treatment plots

指标 Index	TYGH	TY
全钾 Total potassium/（g·kg⁻¹）	5.75±0.14 a	5.88±0.20 a
全氮 Total nitrogen/（g·kg⁻¹）	7.73±0.37 a	4.20±0.15 b
全磷 Total phosphorus/（g·kg⁻¹）	0.066±0.004 a	0.090±0.015 a
速效氮 Available nitrogen/（mg·kg⁻¹）	21.47±2.13 a	18.96±1.47 a
速效磷 Available phosphorus/（mg·kg⁻¹）	87.74±7.11 b	165.38±17.66 a
速效钾 Available potassium/（mg·kg⁻¹）	165.65±2.60 b	229.74±5.54 a
有机质 Organic matter/%	7.64±1.68 b	16.16±0.38 a
pH	5.05±0.03 a	4.92±0.11 a
含水量 Water content/%	14.33±0.88 b	20.33±1.76 a

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表 3 梨树根际土壤微生物序列拼接结果和OUT数目统计

Table 3. Sequence alignment and OUT number statistics of pear rhizosphere soil microorganism

样品 Samples	RT	CT	OTUs
TYGH	40774±3196 b	40441±3164 b	2009±28 a
TY	44728±2854 a	44328±2845 a	1830±20 b
注：RT（Raw_tags）：经过过滤低质量的fastq数据拼接得到的结果，CT（Clean_tags）：进一步对拼接结果去除嵌合体、短序列后得到的结果, OTUs为样本最终得到的平均OTU数目。 Note: RT is the result of merging the filtered low-quality fastq data, CT is the result of further removing chimera and short sequences from the merging result, and OTUs is the average number of OTUs of the samples.

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