臭椿生物碱对5种植物病原真菌的抑制作用

李永春; 赵美荣; 张智

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.01.007

臭椿生物碱对5种植物病原真菌的抑制作用

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.01.007

李永春^{1, 2,},
赵美荣²,
张智^1, ,

1.
东北林业大学林学院，黑龙江　哈尔滨　150040
2.
赤峰学院化学与生命科学学院，内蒙古　赤峰　024000

基金项目: 内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究项目（NJZY19215）；内蒙古赤峰市自然科学科研项目（SZR066）

详细信息

作者简介:
李永春（1980−），男，硕士，副教授，研究方向：植物资源开发与利用（E-mail：yongchun008@qq.com）

通讯作者:
张智（1964−），女，博士，教授，研究方向：植物产品及微生物应用（E-mail：dblydxzz@163.com）

中图分类号: S 482.2
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-04-12
- 修回日期: 2020-09-13
- 网络出版日期: 2021-02-08
- 刊出日期: 2021-01-31

Inhibitory Effects of Ailanthus altissima Alkaloids on Pathogenic Fungi

LI Yongchun^{1, 2
,},
ZHAO Meirong²,
ZHANG Zhi^{1
, ,}

1.
School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang　150040, China
2.
College of Chemistry and Life Science, Chifeng University, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia　024000, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探索臭椿生物碱在植物病原真菌防治中的应用。方法以臭椿树皮为原料，通过乙醇浸提法提取臭椿粗生物碱，并利用真空液相色谱技术对臭椿粗生物碱进行分离。采用菌丝生长速率法测定臭椿生物碱对黄瓜枯萎病菌（Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum）、禾谷镰刀菌（Fusarium graminearum）、冬瓜枯萎病菌（Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. benincasae）、芍药灰霉病菌（Botrytis paeoniae）、牡丹炭疽病菌（Gloeosporium sp.）等5种供试植物病原真菌的抑制活性。结果除芍药灰霉病菌外，粗生物碱和单碱铁屎米-6-酮对其他4种供试真菌都产生较强的抑制作用，尤其对牡丹炭疽病菌、禾谷镰刀菌抑制效果明显。粗生物碱和单碱铁屎米-6-酮对禾谷镰刀菌的毒力都最强，EC₅₀值分别为0.31 、20.32 μg·mL⁻¹。结论臭椿生物碱对多种植物病原真菌有较强的抑制作用，单碱铁屎米-6-酮的抑菌效果要优于粗生物碱，在开发新型绿色植物抗菌剂方面具有一定的潜力。
- 臭椿 /
- 生物碱 /
- 植物病原真菌 /
- 抑制作用
Abstract: Objective Possibility of applying Ailanthus altissima alkaloids for controlling 5 plant pathogenic fungi was studied. Method Crude ethanol extract of alkaloids from the bark of A. altissima was obtained. Extract was separated using the vacuum liquid chromatography. Antifungal activities of the crude alkaloids and the elution fractions on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, F. graminearum, F. oxysporum f. sp. benincasae, Botrytis paeoniae, and Gloeosporium sp. were determined according to the fungal mycelium growth rate. Result The crude ethanol-extracted alkaloids and canthin-6-one fraction exhibited inhibitory effects on the tested fungi, except B. paeoniae. The antimicrobial effects were particularly strong on Gloeosporium sp. and F. graminearum and especially toxic toward the latter with EC₅₀ values of 0.31 mg·mL⁻¹ by the crude alkaloids and 20.32μg·mL⁻¹ by canthin-6-one. Conclusion The ethanol-extracted alkaloids from A. altissima barks could inhibit the growth and/or be lethal toward a variety of plant pathogenic fungi. Although the antifungal effect was not as potent as that of canthin-6-one, the crude extract perse appeared promising to be a new source for the development of a plant-based biocontrol agent.
- Ailanthus altissima /
- alkaloids /
- plant pathogenic fungi /
- inhibition

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图 1 5种植物病原真菌在不同臭椿提取物的PDA培养基上生长情况

Figure 1. Growth of 5 plant pathogenic fungi on PDA medium in presence of fractions of A. altissima alkaloids extract

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图 2 5种植物病原真菌在不同粗碱分离物的PDA培养基上生长情况

Figure 2. Growth of 5 plant pathogenic fungi on PDA medium in presence of separated components of A. altissima alkaloids extract

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表 1 臭椿粗提物对5种植物病原真菌的抑制效果

Table 1. Inhibitory effects of crude extracts of A. altissima on 5 plant pathogenic fungi

提取物 Extracts	牡丹炭疽病菌 Gloeosporium sp.		芍药灰霉病菌 Botrytis paeoniae		禾谷镰刀菌 Fusarium graminearum		黄瓜枯萎病菌 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum		冬瓜枯萎病菌 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. benincasae
提取物 Extracts	菌落直径 Colony diameter/mm	抑制率 Inhibition rate/%	菌落直径 Colony diameter/mm	抑制率 Inhibition rate/%	菌落直径 Colony diameter/mm	抑制率 Inhibition rate/%	菌落直径 Colony diameter/mm	抑制率 Inhibition rate/%	菌落直径 Colony diameter/mm	抑制率 Inhibition rate/%
CK	38.73+0.53 a		24.57+0.67 ab		42.78+0.58 a		28.38 +0.35 a		28.71+1.53 a
E_a	33.03+0.81 b	14.73	25.48+0.77 a	−3.72	39.84+0.23 b	6.87	25.04+0.53 b	11.76	22.99+1.02 b	19.93
E_b	32.27+0.06 b	16.67	25.08+0.34 ab	−2.08	39.85+0.54 b	6.85	24.59+0.38 b	13.35	23.99+0.38 b	16.43
E_c	30.36+1.03 c	21.60	23.53+0.29 b	4.25	33.64+0.61 c	21.37	23.98+0.75 b	15.50	22.47+0.74 b	21.75
E_d	3.71+0.56 d	90.43	18.63+1.03 c	24.18	3.30+0.28 d	92.29	11.68+0.32 c	58.86	4.18+0.10 c	85.43
注：菌落直径是平均值±标准差，同列不同字母表示差异显著（P＜0.05）。表3同。 Note: Colony diameter were means±SD, and different letters in the same column mean significant difference (P＜0.05)。The same as table 3.

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表 2 E_d对供试病原真菌的毒力

Table 2. Toxicity of E_d against tested fungi

供试真菌 Tested fungi	毒力回归方程 Toxicity regression equation	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	EC₅₀/ (mg·mL⁻¹)
黄瓜枯萎病菌 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum	y = 0.6577 x + 5.3921	0.996 3	0.55
牡丹炭疽病菌 Gloeosporium sp.	y = 0.8492 x + 5.755	0.977 3	0.41
冬瓜枯萎病菌 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. benincasae	y = 0.6188 x + 5.6506	0.991 9	0.35
禾谷镰刀菌 Fusarium graminearum	y = 1.1354 x + 6.3194	0.976 3	0.31

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表 3 粗碱分离物对5种植物病原真菌的抑制效果

Table 3. Inhibitory effects of separated components on 5 plant pathogenic fungi

分离物 Separated components	菌落直径 Colony diameter/mm
分离物 Separated components	黄瓜枯萎病菌 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum	牡丹炭疽病菌 Gloeosporium sp.	芍药灰霉病菌 Botrytis paeoniae	冬瓜枯萎病菌 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. benincasae	禾谷镰刀菌 Fusarium graminearum
CK	36.45+0.35 a	40.89+5.27 a	26.02+0.57 ab	24.49+3.89 b	49.89+2.20 a
S₁	36.38+0.12 a	43.14+0.56 a	26.73+0.76 a	29.49+0.54 a	42.65+6.87 a
S₂	24.03+0.15 b	25.94+0.39 b	26.64+0.24 a	19.18+0.72 c	18.82+4.88 b
S₃	35.63+0.34 a	41.21+2.07 a	25.33+0.33 ab	28.37+0.66 ab	47.03+0.48 a
S₄	35.92+0.45 a	41.81+0.62 a	24.07+1.48 b	26.52+0.94 ab	46.70+1.03 a

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表 4 S₂对供试病原真菌的毒力

Table 4. Toxicity of S₂ against tested fungi

供试真菌 Tested fungi	毒力回归方程 Toxicity regression equation	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	EC₅₀/(μg·mL⁻¹)
黄瓜枯萎病菌 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum	y = 0.5298 x + 2.9071	0.9686	51.95
牡丹炭疽病菌 Gloeosporium sp.	y = 0.5517 x + 2.9082	0.9108	44.33
冬瓜枯萎病菌 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. benincasae	y = 0.6198 x + 2.618	0.9642	46.67
禾谷镰刀菌 Fusarium graminearum	y = 0.6606 x + 3.0105	0.9144	20.32

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