Genetic Diversity and Grading by Stone Cell Content of Pyrus pyrifolia
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摘要:
目的 研究砂梨种质资源石细胞含量特征及其多样性，进一步优化砂梨石细胞含量分级指标。 方法 采用冷冻法检测480份砂梨种质资源石细胞含量，分析其遗传多样性。 结果 480份砂梨资源的石细胞含量呈正偏态分布，为0.043%～2.748%，平均石细胞含量0.706%，变异系数为61.11%，遗传多样性指数为1.95。地方品种、国外引进品种和国内选育品种（品系）不同种质类型的平均石细胞含量分别为0.886%、0.440%和0.400%，变异系数分别为48.82%、48.79%和47.02%，多样性指数分别为1.98、2.00和2.01。地方品种不同省份遗传多样性分析表明，云南地方品种的平均石细胞含量最多（1.239%），变异系数最高（51.07%）；四川地方品种的多样性指数最大（1.90）；浙江地方品种的平均石细胞含量最少（0.595%）；广东地方品种的变异系数最低（14.02%），多样性指数最小（0.95）。国内选育品种（品系）不同区域的遗传多样性分析表明，华东地区选育品种平均石细胞含量最少（0.372%），华中地区选育品种变异系数最低（43.41%），但多样性指数最大（2.04）。 结论 砂梨种质资源石细胞含量性状遗传多样性丰富，地方品种石细胞含量最高（0.886%），国内选育品种（品系）遗传多样性指数最大（2.01）。优化的7级梯度差分级指标更适用于评价砂梨种质的石细胞含量性状，7级标准分级为SC＜0.1%、0.1%≤SC＜0.2%、0.2%≤SC＜0.4%、0.4%≤SC＜0.7%、0.7%≤SC＜1.1%、1.1%≤SC＜1.6%和SC≥1.6%。 Abstract:Objective Diversity and characteristics of Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai were studied according to the stone cell (SC) contents of the germplasms to establish a grading system to facilitate analyzing and classifying the resource. Methods SC content of the sand pear varieties was determined after freezing. A grading system was established based on the genetic diversity of the germplasms on SC content. Results The 480 germplasms under study showed a positive skewness statistic distribution on their SC contents, which ranged from 0.043% to 2.748% with an average of 0.706%, a variation coefficient (VC) of 61.11%, and a genetic diversity index (GDI) of 1.95. The average SC content of the local varieties was 0.886% with a VC of 48.82% and a GDI of 1.98, that of the foreign cultivars 0.440% with a VC of 48.79% and a GDI of 2.00, and that of the selected cultivars (lines) for breeding 0.400% with a VC of 47.02% and a GDI of 2.01. On genetic diversity, among the local cultivars the germplasms from Yunnan Province had the highest SC content of 1.239% and VC of 51.07%; those from Sichuan, the largest GDI of 1.90; those from Zhejiang, the lowest SC of 0.595%; and those from Guangdong, the smallest VC of 14.02% and GDI of 0.95. Of the selected cultivars for breeding, those from eastern China showed the lowest SC of 0.372%, while those from the central region the lowest VC of 43.41% and the highest GDI of 2.04. Conclusion The sand pear varieties investigated under this study exhibited a rich genetic diversity on their SC contents. Of all 480 germplasms, the local varieties had the highest SC content of 0.886% and the selected cultivars for breeding the greatest GDI of 2.01. To streamline the resource classification, 7 grades based on the SC content in the germplasms were established as SC＜0.1%, 0.1%≤SC＜0.2%, 0.2%≤SC＜0.4%, 0.4%≤SC＜0.7%, 0.7%≤SC＜1.1%, 1.1%≤SC＜1.6%, and SC≥1.6%. Their respective descriptive terms were scarce, low, medium low, moderate, moderately high, high, and extremely high on SC content. -
Key words:
- Pyrus pyrifolia /
- stone cell content /
- genetic diversity
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图 1 480份砂梨种质资源石细胞含量分布频次
Figure 1. Frequency distribution of SC contents of 480 sand pear germplasms
表 1 不同种质类型砂梨石细胞的多样性评价
Table 1. Diversity of sand pear germplasms based on SC content
种质类型
Germplasm type数量
Amount/份平均石细胞含量
Average stone
cell content/%范围
Range/%变异系数
Variation
coefficient/%多样性指数
H'地方品种 Landraces 299 0.886 0.133～2.748 48.82 1.98 国外引进品种 Foreign cultivars 68 0.440 0.052～0.903 48.79 2.00 国内选育品种（品系）China breeding cultivars（lines） 113 0.400 0.043～0.972 47.02 2.01 
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表 2 地方品种不同省份的石细胞含量多样性评价
Table 2. SC content-based diversity of sand pear germplasms from different provinces in China
来源
Origin份数
Amount/份范围
Range/%平均石细胞含量
Average stone cell content/%变异系数
Variation coefficient/%多样性指数
H'福建 Fujian 17 0.203～1.133 0.620 26.80 1.56 广东 Guangdong 15 0.540～1.098 0.820 14.02 0.95 广西 Guangxi 40 0.320～1.848 0.812 27.31 1.49 贵州 Guizhou 18 0.414～1.697 0.966 39.03 1.88 湖北 Hubei 61 0.133～2.748 0.865 49.92 1.82 湖南 Hunan 12 0.483～1.622 0.905 30.85 1.63 江西 Jiangxi 18 0.323～1.157 0.612 21.81 1.25 四川 Sichuan 55 0.242～2.279 1.091 46.46 1.90 云南 Yunnan 22 0.643～2.424 1.239 51.07 1.64 浙江 Zhejiang 17 0.289～0.976 0.595 21.35 1.25 其他 others 24 − − − − 注：其他省24份种质来源于安徽省（4）、河北省（1）、河南省（1）、江苏省（5）、陕西省（1）、山西省（1）、台湾地区（3）和重庆市（8）。其他省份样品因单个省份样品数均小于10份，未评价。
Note: 24 germplasms including 4 from Anhui, one from Hebei, one from Henan, 5 from Jiangsu, one from Shaanxi, one from Shanxi, 3 from Taiwan, and 8 from Chongqing were less than 10 from each locality and not evaluated under this study.
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表 3 国外引进品种不同国家和国内选育品种不同区域的石细胞含量多样性评价
Table 3. SC content-based diversity of cultivars from foreign countries and those selected for breeding from regions in China
种质类型
Germplasm type来源地
Origin份数
Amount/份范围
Range/%平均石细胞含量
Average stone
cell content/%变异系数
Variation
coefficien%多样性指数
H'国外引进品种 Foreign cultivars 日本 Japan 53 0.052-0.903 0.440 50.67 1.97 韩国 Korea 12 0.059-0.757 0.398 54.27 1.79 其他国家 Other countries 3 − − − − 国内选育品种（品系）
China breeding cultivars（lines）华中地区 Central China 56 0.058-0.757 0.393 43.41 2.04 华东地区 Eastern China 35 0.043-0.827 0.372 49.34 1.94 西南地区 Southwest China 13 0.093-0.972 0.483 57.67 1.78 其他地区 Other regions 9 − − − − 注：其他国家3份国外引进品种来源于美国，其他地区9份国内选育品种（品系）来源于东北和华北地区，样品量都少于10份，未评价。
Note: 3 foreign cultivars from the U.S. and 9 selected breeding cultivars from northeast and north China were less than 10 in sample size and not evaluated under this study.
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表 4 砂梨石细胞含量分级指标比较
Table 4. Grading standards for sand pear germplasms based on SC content
分级描述
Descriptors梨石细胞含量分级指标[16]
Grading standards of
pear stone cell content砂梨石细胞含量等差分级
Arithmetic grading of sand
pear stone cell content砂梨石细胞含量梯度差分级
Gradient grading of sand
pear stone cell content分级范围
Range/%资源份数
Amount/份分级范围
Range/%资源份数
Amount/份分级范围
Range/%资源份数
Amount/份极少 Scarce SC＜0.05 1 SC＜0.2 34 SC＜0.1 15 少 Light 0.05≤SC＜0.2 33 0.2≤SC＜0.4 84 0.1≤SC＜0.2 22 较少 Medium light − − 0.4≤SC＜0.6 106 0.2≤SC＜0.4 81 中 Medium 0.2≤SC＜0.5 138 0.6≤SC＜0.8 98 0.4≤SC＜0.7 153 较多 Medium heavy − − 0.8≤SC＜1.0 65 0.7≤SC＜1.1 141 多 Heavy 0.5≤SC＜0.8 150 1.0≤SC＜1.2 37 1.1≤SC＜1.6 47 极多 Extremely heavy SC≥0.8 158 SC≥1.2 56 SC≥1.6 21
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