Breeding A New Disease-resistant, High-yield Peanut Variety, Guihua 202
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摘要:
目的 针对广西市场对花生优良新品种的迫切需求，选育抗病高产的珍珠豆型花生新品种。 方法 以高产抗病的花生中间材料（粤油45×桂花17）F4作为母本，与高产抗病的广东花生品种汕油188为父本进行复合杂交，经过F1～F9代连续多年筛选，于2014–2017年进行品比试验并参加广西花生新品种联合试验，选育出桂花202。 结果 桂花202在2014–2015年品比试验中，荚果平均产量4 039.07 kg·hm−2，比对照品种桂花21增产6.69%，初步显示了该品种的高产水平和增产潜力。在2016–2017年广西花生新品种联合试验中，荚果和籽仁平均产量分别为4 281.30 kg·hm−2和2 746.73 kg·hm−2，分别比对照品种桂花21增产208.875 kg·hm−2和减产120.225 kg·hm−2，增产率分别为5.13%和－4.19%，增产显著、减产不显著。桂花202的粗脂肪含量50.64%，油酸占比45.1%、亚油酸占比33.6%，油亚比1.34，蛋白质含量27%。桂花202属直立珍珠豆型品种，植株紧凑直立，生长势强，主茎高45.9 cm，分枝长52 cm，总分枝数7.9条，单株结果数15.4个，公斤果数590个，百果重207.2 g，百仁重77.7 g，出仁率64%。于2020年9月30日通过国家非主要农作物品种登记[GPD花生（2020）450098]。 结论 桂花202综合性状较好，具有抗病、高产、大果等优点，适宜在广西各地推广种植。该品种对水肥要求高，高肥水条件有利于其发挥高产潜力。 Abstract:Objective A new disease-resistant, high-yield peanut variety was bred to meet the urgent demand of the industry in Guangxi province. Method After years of directional selection from F1 to F9 using the F4 of Yueyou 45×Guihua 17 as female parent and Guangdong Shanyou 188 as male parent for the crossing, Guihua 202 was obtained and submitted to the Joint Test on New Peanut Varieties in Guangxi from 2014 to 2017. Result At the 2014 to 2015 field trials, Guihua 202 displayed an average pod yield of 4 039.07 kg·hm−2, which was 6.69% higher than that of the reference Guihua 21, showing an initial indication of yield improvement. In the subsequent 2016 to 2017 trials, it delivered the average pod and peanut yield of 4 281.30 kg·hm−2 and 2 746.73 kg·hm−2, respectively, representing a significant increase on pod yield of 208.875 kg·hm−2 or 5.13% and a not significant decrease on peanut yield of 120.225 kg·hm−2 or − 4.19% over Guihua 21. Guihua 202 peanuts had an average of 50.64% on crude fat that included 45.1% of oleic acid and 33.6% of linoleic acid with an oleic/linoleic acid ratio of 1.34, and that of 27% on protein. The new variety grew vigorously with a compact plant type characterized by 45.9 cm main stem height, 52 cm branch length, 7.9 branches, 15.4 pods per plant, 590 pods per kg, 207.2 g on 100-pod weight, 77.7 g on 100-seed weight, and 64% on kernel rate. This disease-resistant and high-yield new peanut variety has passed the national non-major crop variety registration in September 2020. Conclusion Guihua 202 exhibited desirable qualities and was considered appropriate for cultivation in Guangxi. However, it required ample water supply and fertilization to fully deliver its high yield potential. -
Key words:
- peanut /
- Guihua 202 /
- new variety /
- breeding
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表 1 桂花202的选育过程
Table 1. Breeding process of Guihua 202
年份
Year季别
Season地点
Location世代
Generation系谱编号
Pedigree number选育经过
Breeding process2009 春季 Spring 南宁 Nanning F0 2009HCZ20 （粤油45×桂花17）F4×汕油188
(Yueyou45×Guihua 17) F4×Shanyou1882009 秋季 Autumn 武鸣 Wuming F1 2009HCZ20-0 繁殖，去假杂种
Propagation and removal of false hybrids2010 春季 Spring 武鸣 Wuming F2 2009HCZ20-0-0 繁殖，每株留1～2个荚果，混收
Propagation, keeping 1-2 pods per plant and mix collection2010 秋季 Autumn 武鸣 Wuming F3 2009HCZ20-0-0 繁殖，每株留1～2个荚果，混收
Propagation, keeping 1-2 pods per plant and mix collection2011 春季 Spring 武鸣 Wuming F4 2009HCZ20-0-0 单株选择
Single plant selection2011 秋季 Autumn 武鸣 Wuming F5 2009HCZ20-0-0 单株选择
Single plant selection2012 春季 Spring 武鸣 Wuming F6 2009HCZ20-0-0-2 株行比较、单株选择
Comparison of plant rows and single plant selection2012 秋季 Autumn 武鸣 Wuming F7 2009HCZ20-0-0-2 株系比较
Strain comparison2013 春季 Spring 武鸣 Wuming F8 2009HCZ20-2 繁殖、品系比较
Propagation and line comparison2013 秋季 Autumn 武鸣 Wuming F9 2009HCZ20-2 繁殖
Propagation2014 春季 Spring 武鸣 Wuming F10 2009HCZ20-2 品系比较试验
Line comparative test2015 春季 Spring 武鸣 Wuming F11 2009HCZ20-2 繁殖、品系比较试验
Propagation and line comparative test2016 春季 Spring 广西 Guangxi F12 桂花202 Guihua 202 广西花生新品种联合试验
Joint test of Guangxi new peanut varieties2017 春季 Spring 广西 Guangxi F13 桂花202 Guihua 202 广西花生新品种联合试验
Joint test of Guangxi new peanut varieties
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表 2 桂花202参加品系比较试验的荚果产量
Table 2. Pod yield of Guihua 202 displayed at comparative trial
年份
Year桂花202
Guihua 202/
（kg·hm−2）桂花21
Guihua 21
（CK）比对照±
Than CK±/
（kg·hm−2）比对照±
Than CK±/%2014 3921.35* 3743.22 178.13 4.76 2015 4156.78** 3828.61 328.17 8.57 平均
Average4039.07* 3785.92 253.15 6.69 注：*和**分别表示差异达5%和1%显著水平。表3同。
Note: * and **represented significance difference at 0.05 and 0.01 level. The same was applied in the subsequent tables.
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表 3 桂花202参加参加广西花生新品种联合试验的产量结果
Table 3. Yield of Guihua 202 displayed at Joint Test on New Peanut Varieties in Guangxi
年份
Year荚果产量 Pod yield 籽仁产量 Seed yield 桂花202
Guihua
202/
（kg·hm−2）桂花21
Guihua
21（CK）/
（kg·hm−2）增产
Increased yield/
（kg·hm−2）增产率
Increasing
rate/%桂花202
Guihua
202/
（kg·hm−2）桂花21
Guihua
21（CK）/
（kg·hm−2）增产
Increased yield /
（kg·hm−2）增产率
Increasing
rate/%2016 4501.05** 3966.00 535.05 13.49 2981.85 3012.45 −30.60 −1.02 2017 4061.55 4178.85 −117.30 −2.81 2511.60 2721.45** −209.85 −7.71 平均
Average4281.30* 4072.43 208.88 5.13 2746.73 2866.95 −120.23 −4.19
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表 4 桂花202参加广西花生新品种联合试验的主要经济性状
Table 4. Main economic statistics on Guihua 202 performance at Joint Test on New Peanut Varieties in Guangxi
性状 Trait 2016 2017 两年平均 桂花202
Guihua 202桂花21
Guihua 21（CK）桂花202
Guihua 202桂花21
Guihua 21（CK）桂花202
Guihua 202主茎高 Main stem height/cm 42.7 51.3 49.0 57.0 45.9 侧枝长 Branch length/cm 50.1 61.3 53.9 62.8 52.0 总分枝数 Total number of branches 8.5 7.8 7.3 7.3 7.9 结果枝数 Number of fruiting branches 7.0 7.5 — — 7.0 单株结果数 Pods number per plant 16.1 16.7 14.6 16.8 15.4 单株饱果数 Full pods number per plant 13.6 14.7 — — 13.6 百果重100-pod weight/g 221.4 192.6 192.9 184.2 207.2 百仁重100-seed weight/g 81.3 71.4 74.1 69.4 77.7 公斤果数 Pods number per kilogram/个 571 643 609 622 590 出仁率 Kernel rate/% 66.3 67.7 61.7 65.2 64.0 注：表中“—”表示没有调查数据。
Note: “—” in the table indicates that there is no survey data.
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表 5 桂花202参加广西花生新品种联合试验的抗病性和抗逆性表现
Table 5. Disease and stress resistance of Guihua 202 shown at Joint Test on New Peanut Varieties in Guangxi
抗病性和抗逆性
Disease and stress resistance2016 2017 桂花202
Guihua 202桂花21
Guihua 21（CK）桂花202
Guihua 202桂花21
Guihua 21（CK）叶斑病抗性 Resistance to leaf spot 4.5（中抗） 3.6（抗） 4.4（中抗） 4.4（中抗） 锈病抗性 Resistance to leaf rust 3.8（抗） 3.2（抗） 5.5（中抗） 4.9（中抗） 青枯病抗性 Resistance to bacteria wilt 中抗 高抗 中抗 抗 抗倒性 Lodging resistance 强 强 强 中 耐涝性 Waterlogging tolerance 中 强 中 强 耐旱性 Drought tolerance 强 强 强 强
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表 6 2016年度花生青枯病田间自然病圃抗病鉴定结果
Table 6. Results on test of wilt resistance of peanut plants at field nursery in 2016
品种 Variety 存活率 Survival rate/% 青枯病抗性 Resistance to bacterial wilt Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ 平均 Average 桂花202 Guihua 202 92.31 90.00 54.55 78.95 中抗 Moderate resistance 中花6号（抗病对照种） Zhonghua 6 hao（Resistance CK） 86.36 83.33 82.50 84.07 抗病 Resistance 中花12号（感病对照种） Zhonghua 12 hao（Susceptible CK） 21.21 8.57 8.82 12.87 高感 High susceptible
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表 7 2017年度花生青枯病田间自然病圃抗病鉴定结果
Table 7. Results on test of wilt resistance of peanut plants at field nursery in 2017
品种
Variety南宁点存活率
Survival rate in Nanning/%贺州点存活率
Survival rate in Hezhou/%平均存活率
Average survival rate/%青枯病抗性
Resistance to bacterial wilt桂花21（联合试验对照种）
Guihua 21（CK of Guangxi joint test）76.25 78.56 77.41 中抗到高抗
From moderate to high resistance桂花202 Guihua 202 63.41 67.80 65.61 中抗 Moderate resistance
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