油茶蓝翅天牛幼虫生态学特性及其空间格局研究

陈元生; 于海萍; 罗致迪; 张杨斌

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.05.012

油茶蓝翅天牛幼虫生态学特性及其空间格局研究

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.05.012

1.
江西环境工程职业学院，江西　赣州　341000
2.
江西省龙南市林业局，江西　赣州　341700

基金项目: 江西省重点研发计划项目（20181BBF60013）；江西省教育厅科技计划项目（GJJ161375、GJJ171273）

详细信息

作者简介:
陈元生（1967−），男，博士，教授，主要从事昆虫生物学和森林病虫害防治研究（E-mail：cys0061@163.com）

中图分类号: S 763
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-02-23
- 修回日期: 2021-04-04
- 网络出版日期: 2021-05-17
- 刊出日期: 2021-05-31

Study on the ecological characteristics and spatial pattern of Chreonoma atritarsis larvae in Camellia oleifera

1.
Jiangxi Environmental Engineering Vocational College, Ganzhou, Jiangxi　341000, China
2.
Longnan Forestry Bureau of Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou, Jiangxi　341700, China

摘要

摘要: 目的油茶蓝翅天牛的发生危害与生态环境因子关系密切，掌握该天牛幼虫的生态学特性及其空间分布规律是估计虫口密度、害虫预测预报的基础，可为害虫生态控制提供理论依据。方法通过对江西主要油茶基地蓝翅天牛幼虫危害情况的系统调查，应用6种聚集度指标和2种回归模型研究了蓝翅天牛幼虫种群的空间格局，运用SPSS 统计软件分析了蓝翅天牛幼虫的发生与林分因子等生态环境的关系。结果油茶蓝翅天幼虫种群的空间分布格局是均匀分布，种群中生物个体之间是相互排斥的。林分郁闭度、林下植被覆盖度是影响油茶蓝翅天牛有虫株率的2个关键林分因子，林分郁闭度与有虫株率呈极显著负相关，而林下植被覆盖度与有虫株率呈极显著正相关；林下植被覆盖度、林分郁闭度、林内林缘、树高、树龄这5个因子是油茶蓝翅天牛风险评估的关键因子。同时，坡向、坡位对蓝翅天牛有虫株率也存在不同程度的影响。油茶蓝翅天牛幼虫在油茶树枝干上的分布具有较强的选择性，喜欢选择3～6 a枝龄、1.5～2.2 cm枝径、枝角小于60°、枝下高40～59 cm的枝条处蛀食为害。结论本研究结果丰富了油茶蓝翅天牛的空间分布研究内容，表明该天牛幼虫的均匀分布空间格局是由该虫的生物学、生态学与环境因素共同作用的结果，探明了影响该天牛幼虫发生危害的关键林分因子及其在枝干上的分布规律，对指导预测预报及生物防治具有实用价值。
- 油茶 /
- 蓝翅天牛 /
- 幼虫 /
- 生态学 /
- 空间分布型 /
- 林分因子 /
- 生态因子 /
- 枝条
Abstract: Objective The occurrence and damage of Chreonoma atritarsis are closely related to its ecological environment factors. The ecological characteristics and spatial distribution of C. atritarsis larvae are the basis for estimating the population density and pest prediction, which can provide theoretical basis for pest ecological control. Method Based on the systematic investigation on the damage of C. atritarsis larvae in the main Camellia oleifera bases in Jiangxi Province, the spatial pattern of C. atritarsis larvae was studied by using six aggregation indexes and two regression models. The relationship between the occurrence of C. atritarsis larvae and ecological factors was analyzed by using SPSS statistical software. Result The results showed that the spatial distribution pattern of the larva population was uniform, and the individuals in the population were mutually exclusive. Forest canopy density and understory vegetation coverage are the two key factors affecting the pest population rate of C. oleifera. The relationship between forest canopy density and pest population rate is extremely significant negative correlation, while understory vegetation coverage and pest population rate are extremely significant positive correlation. Understory vegetation coverage, forest canopy density, forest edge, tree height and tree age were the key factors for risk assessment of C. atritarsis. At the same time, slope aspect and slope position also had different effects on the percentage of infected plants. The distribution of C. atritarsis. larvae on the branches of C. oleifera was highly selective. They preferred to choose the branches with the age of 3-6 a, diameter of 1.5-2.2 cm, angle less than 60°, and height within 40-59 cm. Conclusion The results of this study enriched the research content of spatial distribution of C. atritarsis, and showed that the spatial pattern of uniform distribution of C. atritarsis larvae was the result of the joint action of biological, ecological and environmental factors. The key forest factors affecting the occurrence and damage of C. atritarsis larvae and their distribution on branches were explored, which had practical value for guiding prediction and biological control.
- Camellia oleifera /
- Chreonoma atritarsis /
- larva /
- ecology /
- spatial distribution /
- stand factor /
- ecological factor /
- branch

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图 1 郁闭度、林下植被覆盖度与油茶林有虫株率的关系

Figure 1. The relationship between canopy density, understory vegetation coverage and the percentage of pest trees in Camellia oleifera forest

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图 2 坡向、坡位对油茶林蓝翅天牛有虫株率的影响

Figure 2. Effect of slope aspect and slope position on the percentage of beetles in Camellia oleifera forest

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表 1 蓝翅天牛幼虫空间分布型差别标准

Table 1. Difference standard of spatial distribution pattern of Chreonoma atritarsis larvae

项目	C	K	m^*	I	m^*/m	C_A	分布型 Distributional pattern
m = V	= 1	＞8	= m	= 0	= 1	= 0	随机分布 Random distribution
m＜V	＞1	0＜K＜8	＞m	＞0	＞1	＞0	聚集分布 Aggregation distribution
m＞V	＜1	＜0	＜m	＜0	＜1	＜0	均匀分布 Uniform distribution
注：m：虫口密度；V：方差 Note: m: Population density、V: Varianc

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表 2 各样地油茶蓝翅天牛幼虫聚集度指标值

Table 2. Index values of larval aggregation degree of Chreonoma atritarsis in Camellia oleifera

样地 Plot	调查株数 Plant number	虫口密度 Population density/ （头·株⁻¹）	方差 Variance	扩散系数 diffusion coefficient	负二项分布 Negative binomial distribution	平均拥挤度 Average congestion	丛生指标 Cluster index	聚块性指标 Agglomerate index	C_A指标 C_A index	分布型判断 Distributional pattern
样地 Plot	调查株数 Plant number	m	V	C	K	m^*	I	m^*/m	C_A	分布型判断 Distributional pattern
1	253	0.6367	0.099	0.155	−0.754	0.364	−0.273	0.572	−1.326	均匀分布 Uniformity
2	162	0.4250	0.048	0.113	−0.479	0.342	−0.083	0.804	−2.087	均匀分布 Uniformity
3	471	0.6911	0.189	0.273	−0.951	0.079	−0.612	0.115	−1.051	均匀分布 Uniformity
4	331	0.1367	0.002	0.015	−0.139	0.134	−0.002	0.983	−7.208	均匀分布 Uniformity
5	205	0.1920	0.004	0.021	−0.196	0.187	−0.005	0.974	−5.100	均匀分布 Uniformity
6	463	0.3867	0.015	0.039	−0.402	0.362	−0.024	0.937	−2.486	均匀分布 Uniformity
Total	1885	0.4525	0.116	0.256	−0.608	0.241	−0.212	0.532	−1.643	均匀分布 Uniformity

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表 3 各林分因子与油茶林有虫株率的逐步回归分析结果

Table 3. The results of stepwise regression analysis between stand factors and the percentage of infested plants

因子 Factors	树龄 Tree age/a	树高 Tree height/m	冠幅 Crown width/m²	坡向 Aspect	坡位 Slope position	林内林缘 Forest within and edged	密度 Density/ （株·hm⁻²）	郁闭度 Canopy density	植被盖度 Vegetation coverage/%
因子 Factors	x₁	x₂	x₃	x₄	x₅	x₆	x₇	x₈	x₉
均值 Mean	9.609	2.187	5.368	0.511	0.634	0.778	1621.233	0.468	35.684
相关系数R Pearson Correlation	0.175	−0.111	0.149	−0.078	−0.022	−0.135	−0.256	−0.864	0.938
P值 Sig.	0.044	0.203	0.088	0.370	0.798	0.121	0.003	0.000	0.000

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表 4 蓝翅天牛幼虫在油茶枝干上的选择分布

Table 4. Selection and distribution of Chreonoma atritarsis larvae on Camellia oleifera branches

枝龄 Branch age/a	幼虫数占比 Proportion of larvae/%	枝径 Branch diameter/cm	幼虫数占比 Proportion of larvae/%	枝高 Branch height/cm	幼虫数占比 Proportion of larvae/%	枝角 Branch angle/℃	幼虫数占比 Proportion of larvae/%	枝向 Branch direction	幼虫数占比 Proportion of larvae/%
1～2	0.75 c	0.7～1.0	0.75 d	0～19	3.76 c	0～9	15.04 ab	正北 Due north	18.05 a
3～4	30.83 a	1.1～1.4	11.28 b	20～39	14.29 ab	10～19	14.29 ab	垂直 Vertical	12.03 b
5～6	34.59 a	1.5～1.8	27.82 a	40～59	24.81 a	20～29	15.79 ab	正东 Due east	18.05 a
7～8	14.29 b	1.9～2.2	29.32 a	60～79	18.80 ab	30～39	21.05 a	东北 Northeast	3.76 c
9～10	8.27 bc	2.3～2.6	13.53 b	80～99	19.55 ab	40～49	11.28 b	东南 Southeast	7.52 bc
11～12	2.26 c	2.7～3.0	6.02 c	100～119	9.02 b	50～59	11.28 b	正南 Due south	11.28 b
13～14	6.02 bc	3.1～3.4	4.51 c	120～139	3.01 c	60～69	8.27 bc	正西 Due west	15.79 ab
15～16	2.26 c	3.5～3.8	5.26 c	140～159	3.76 c	70～79	2.26 d	西北 Northwest	6.77 bc
17～	0.75 c	3.9～	1.54 d	160～179	3.01 c	80～90	0.75 d	西南 Southwest	6.77 bc
注：同列不同小写字母表示差异显著（SNK法, P＜0.05）。 Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column show significant difference（SNK, P＜0.05）.

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