间作不同绿肥植物组合对茶园土壤改良的效果

赵茜; 施龙清; 何海芳; 李天璞; 李亚勍; 张力文; 杨广

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.05.015

间作不同绿肥植物组合对茶园土壤改良的效果

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.05.015

赵茜^{1, 2, 3, 4,},
施龙清^{1, 5},
何海芳^{1, 2, 3, 4},
李天璞^{1, 2, 3, 4},
李亚勍^{1, 2, 3, 4},
张力文^{1, 2, 3, 4},
杨广^{1, 2, 3, 4, ,}

1.
闽台作物有害生物生态防控国家重点实验室/福建农林大学应用生态研究所，福建　福州　350002
2.
教育部害虫生态防控国际合作联合实验室，福建农林大学，福建　福州　350002
3.
农业部闽台作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室，福建农林大学，福建　福州　350002
4.
害虫绿色防控福建省高等学校重点实验室，福建农林大学，福建　福州　350002
5.
福建省农业科学院水稻研究所，福建　福州　350019

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFE0102100）；福建农林大学茶产业链科技创新与服务体系建设项目（K1520007A03）；闽台作物有害生物生态防控国家重点实验室开放课题基金（SKL2018005）

详细信息

作者简介:
赵茜（1986−），女，博士，助理研究员，研究方向：生态农业（E-mail：zhaoqian977228@126.com）

通讯作者:
杨广（1973−），男，教授，研究方向：生态农业（E-mail：yxg@fafu.edu.cn）

中图分类号: S 154
计量
- 文章访问数: 1017
- HTML全文浏览量: 225
- PDF下载量: 44
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-11-23
- 修回日期: 2021-03-25
- 网络出版日期: 2021-05-17
- 刊出日期: 2021-05-31

Improvement of Plantation Soil by Intercropping Tea Plants with Green Manures

ZHAO Qian^{1, 2, 3, 4
,},
SHI Longqing^{1, 5},
HE Haifang^{1, 2, 3, 4},
LI Tianpu^{1, 2, 3, 4},
LI Yaqing^{1, 2, 3, 4},
ZHANG Liwen^{1, 2, 3, 4},
YANG Guang^{1, 2, 3, 4
, ,}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops/Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China
2.
Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China
3.
Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China
4.
Key Laboratory of Green Pest Control (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China
5.
Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian　350019, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨不同绿肥植物间作对茶园土壤pH、重金属离子含量、细菌多样性及群落结构的影响，为茶园土壤改良提供科学依据。方法应用pH计检测绿肥植物间作模式对茶园土壤pH的影响，利用原子荧光法分析不同绿肥植物间作对茶园土壤重金属的改良情况，应用高通量测序技术，分析不同绿肥间作模式对茶园土壤微生物多样性、土壤细菌群落组成与结构的影响。结果间作植物并非越多越好，宿根羽扇豆-油菜-圆叶决明组合（LBC）间作后，土壤pH不升反降；而油菜-圆叶决明组合（BC）、宿根羽扇豆-油菜间作组合（LB）对土壤pH改良效果显著；盆栽试验表明多种绿肥植物套作间作的效果并没有随着植物数目的增多而效果更好，仅有LB组合可显著降低重金属Cd和Hg的含量；此外，与对照组相比，变形菌比例明显升高，成为丰度最高的菌门；放线菌比例明显下降，在L、LB和LBC处理组中，放线菌比例低于20%。此外，绿肥间作可显著提高土壤中蓝藻菌的含量，不同的绿肥间作处理组中的蓝藻菌含量高于1%，而对照组仅为0.1%～0.3%。结论宿根羽扇豆-油菜间作组合（LB）可提升土壤PH、降低茶园土壤重金属Cd和Hg的含量，且改变土壤细菌结构并提高了土壤中有益微生物菌群的相对丰度，对茶园土壤的生态环境改良具有积极作用。
- 绿肥植物 /
- 间作 /
- 茶园 /
- 土壤pH /
- 土壤重金属元素 /
- 土壤微生物群落
Abstract: Objective Effects of intercropping green manures with tea plants on the chemistry and bacterial community of plantation soil were analyzed for ecological improvements. Methods Changes on the soil pH, heavy metals, and bacterial diversity and community were monitored after various intercropping treatments. Results The Lupinus perennis (L)-Brassica campestris (B)-Chamaecrista rotundifolia (C) intercropping with tea plants did not improve but, in fact, lowered the soil pH. However, significant acidity mitigation was achieved by BC- or LB-intercropping with tea plants in the pot experiments. LB-intercropping also significantly reduced the content of heavy metals including Cd and Hg. The bacterial diversity and community structure of the intercropped soil were significantly changed with Proteobacteria becoming the most abundant phylum and Actinobacteria decreasing to less than 20% of the total population in the treatments with L, LB, or LBC. The intercropping also significantly increased Cyanobacteria population to more than 1%, in comparison to 0.1%-0.3% on control. Conclusion Intercropping L. perennis and B. campestris with tea bushes was conceivably to enable improvements on pH, Cd/Hg contents, and microbial community of the soil at plantations.
- Green manure /
- intercropping /
- tea plantations /
- soil pH /
- soil heavy metals /
- microbial community

HTML全文

图 1 室内不同绿肥植物处理土壤重金属的变化

注：1. CK：对照组；L：宿根羽扇豆；B：油菜；C：圆叶决明；LB：宿根羽扇豆-油菜组合。2. 不同小写字母表表示差异显著（P＜0.05）.

Figure 1. Effects of intercropping green manures with tea plants on pH and heavy metal contents in pot soil

Note: CK: control; L: L. perennis; B: B. campestris; C: C. rotundifolia; LB: intercropping L. perennis and B. campestris. Different lower letters represent significant differences (P＜0.05).

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 室内不同绿肥植物处理土壤微生物群落种类分布

注：CK：对照组；L：宿根羽扇豆；B：油菜；C：圆叶决明；LB：宿根羽扇豆-油菜组合；LC：宿根羽扇豆-圆叶决明组合；BC：油菜-圆叶决明组合；LBC：宿根羽扇豆-油菜-圆叶决明组合。图3同。

Figure 2. Bacterial community structure in soils of green manures intercropping with tea plants

Note: CK: control; L: L. perennis; B: B. campestris; C: C. rotundifolia; LB: intercropping with L and B; LC: intercropping with L and C; BC: intercropping with B and C; LBC: intercropping with L, B and C.The same as Fig.3.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 室内不同绿肥植物处理土壤微生物群落种类及主成分分析（PCA）

Figure 3. PCA analysis on bacterial community in soils of green manures intercropping with tea plants

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 绿肥植物对土壤pH值及重金属含量的影响

Table 1. Effects of intercropping green manures with tea plants on pH and heavy metal contents in pot soil

指标 Index	L	B	C	LB	LC	BC	LBC	CK1	CK2
pH	6.20±0.26 ab	6.10±0.15 b	5.90±0.10 bc	6.50±0.09 a	6.20±0.15 ab	6.70±0.20 a	5.30±0.51 c	5.90±0.10 bc	6.00±0.12 b
Cd/（mg·kg⁻¹）	0.20±0.01 c	0.20±0.01 c	0.20±0.02 c	0.30±0.02 b	0.20±0.01 c	0.20±0.01 c	0.20±0.01 c	0.30±0.02 b	0.40±0.01 a
Cr/（mg·kg⁻¹）	52.90±1.33 a	56.60±2.15 a	53.90±0.64 a	57.00±5.96 a	47.00±0.64 b	51.40±2.87 a	55.90±1.37 a	43.70±1.30 b	45.70±2.40 b
Pb/（mg·kg⁻¹）	35.90±0.67 ab	30.50±0.11 b	29.50±2.36 b	43.40±7.86 a	40.60±1.81 a	40.30±0.44 a	27.30±2.04 b	32.60±3.58 b	28.10±3.92 b
Cu/（mg·kg⁻¹）	207.70±8.65 b	244.80±7.00 a	219.50±6.25 b	60.40±11.04 d	173.00±4.33 c	181.80±0.67 c	220.70±7.82 b	75.80±5.76 d	62.70±6.36 d
Ni/（mg·kg⁻¹）	32.30±1.20 a	36.60±1.63 a	34.30±1.27 a	40.70±7.25 a	24.90±0.30 b	29.30±0.07 b	34.20±1.14 a	30.60±3.3 ab	26.50±3.7 b
Zn/（mg·kg⁻¹）	216.20±13.47 ab	234.50±8.46 a	217.30±6.67 ab	173.50±15.75 b	177.00±6.25 b	205.50±6.53 ab	227.00±6.76 a	236.60±21.59 a	194.70±21.99 b
Hg/（mg·kg⁻¹）	0.12±0.004 a	0.07±0.01 bc	0.05±0.005 c	0.04±0.004 c	0.09±0.01 a	0.10±0.01 a	0.08±0.01 ab	0.03±0.002 d	0.06±0.004 b
As/（mg·kg⁻¹）	6.00±0.18 b	6.30±0.33 ab	6.90±0.51 a	4.40±0.32 c	5.60±0.38 b	5.70±0.13 b	6.20±0.14 ab	1.90±0.21 d	4.00±0.09 c
注：1.L：宿根羽扇豆；B：油菜；C：圆叶决明。2.表中同行不同小写字母表示差异显著（P＜0.05）. Note: 1.L-L. perennis; B-B. campestris; C-C. rotundifolia; 2.Different lower case letters in the same raw represent significant differences(P<0.05).

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 绿肥植物对土壤微生物多样性的影响

Table 2. Effects of intercropping green manures with tea plants on bacterial diversity of pot soil

样本 Samples	OTU数目 OTU amount	Simpson	Chao1	ACE	Shannon
L	1802.7 bc	0.998 a	2161.5 b	2358.6 ab	9.9 b
B	2072.7 ab	0.998 a	2608.3 a	2902.8 a	10.2 ab
C	1883.7 b	0.997 a	2545.2 a	2646.3 a	9.9 b
LB	1667.7 c	0.998 a	1825.3 bc	1896.1 b	10.0 b
LC	1880.0 b	0.998 a	2203.5 ab	2401.2 ab	10.0 b
BC	1858.0 bc	0.998 a	2305.8 ab	2545.3 ab	10.0 b
LBC	2235.3 a	0.998 a	2781.8 a	3087.8 a	10.3 a
CK1	2022.7 ab	0.998 a	2613.5 a	2901.0 a	10.0 b
CK2	1755.0 bc	0.997 a	2109.9 b	2337.5 ab	9.8 bc
注：L：宿根羽扇豆；B：油菜；C：圆叶决明。同列不同小写字母表示差异显著（p＜0.05）. Note: L: L. perennis; B: B. campestris; C: C. rotundifolia. Different lower letters represent significant differences (P＜0.05).

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(28)

[1]	颜明娟, 吴一群, 张辉, 等. 福建茶园土壤及茶叶重金属监测及污染评价 [J]. 茶叶学报, 2016, 57(2):71−75. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-4872.2016.02.003 YAN M J, WU Y Q, ZHANG H, et al. Heavy metal contaminations in plantation soils and tea products in Fujian [J]. Acta Tea Sinica, 2016, 57(2): 71−75.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-4872.2016.02.003
[2]	江凌, 苏火贵, 王育平, 等. 施用有机肥后安溪茶园土壤中重金属含量及污染评价 [J]. 亚热带水土保持, 2019, 31(4):5−8. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2651.2019.04.002 JIANG L, SU H G, WANG Y P, et al. Assessment of heavy metal content and pollution in tea garden soil of Anxi County after the application of organic manure [J]. Subtropical Soil and Water Conservation, 2019, 31(4): 5−8.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2651.2019.04.002
[3]	廖万有. 我国茶园土壤的酸化及其防治 [J]. 农业环境保护, 1998, 17(4):178−180. LIAO W Y. Soil acidification in tea plantantion and its prevention and management in China [J]. Agro-Environmental Protection, 1998, 17(4): 178−180.(in Chinese)
[4]	杨向德, 石元值, 伊晓云, 等. 茶园土壤酸化研究现状和展望 [J]. 茶叶学报, 2015, 56(4):189−197. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-4872.2015.04.001 YANG X D, SHI Y Z, YI X Y, et al. Research progress and prospects on soil acidification at tea plantations [J]. Acta Tea Sinica, 2015, 56(4): 189−197.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-4872.2015.04.001
[5]	樊战辉, 唐小军, 郑丹, 等. 茶园土壤酸化成因及改良措施研究和展望 [J]. 茶叶科学, 2020, 40(1):15−25. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-369X.2020.01.002 FAN Z H, TANG X J, ZHENG D, et al. Study and prospect of soil acidification causes and improvement measures in tea plantation [J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2020, 40(1): 15−25.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-369X.2020.01.002
[6]	曹顺爱, 吕军. 土壤母质及其物理性状与茶叶品质关系 [J]. 茶叶, 2003, 29(1):13−16. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0577-8921.2003.01.006 CAO S A, LYU J. Relationship between soil physical properties and tea quality [J]. Journal of Tea, 2003, 29(1): 13−16.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0577-8921.2003.01.006
[7]	钟晓兰, 周生路, 李江涛, 等. 模拟酸雨对土壤重金属镉形态转化的影响 [J]. 土壤, 2009, 41(4):566−571. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-9829.2009.04.010 ZHONG X L, ZHOU S L, LI J T, et al. Effect of simulated acid rains on Cd form transformation in contaminated soil [J]. Soils, 2009, 41(4): 566−571.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-9829.2009.04.010
[8]	方凤满, 林跃胜, 魏晓飞. 土壤-茶树系统中重金属污染研究进展 [J]. 安徽师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2013, 36(3):288−292. FANG F M, LIN Y S, WEI X F. Research progess on the heavy metals pollution in the system of soil-tea plantation [J]. Journal of Anhui Normal University (Natural Science), 2013, 36(3): 288−292.(in Chinese)
[9]	姚槐应. 不同利用年限茶园土壤的化学及微生物生态特征研究 [J]. 浙江农业科学, 2002, 43(3):129−131. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0528-9017.2002.03.011 YAO H Y. Chemical and microbiological characteristics of soils of tea plantation with different duration of use history [J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2002, 43(3): 129−131.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0528-9017.2002.03.011
[10]	张金波, 宋长春. 土壤氮素转化研究进展 [J]. 吉林农业科学, 2004, 29(1):38−43, 46. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-8701.2004.01.011 ZHANG J B, SONG C C. A review of soil nitrogen transformation [J]. Journal of Jilin Agricultural Sciences, 2004, 29(1): 38−43, 46.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-8701.2004.01.011
[11]	刘维明, 黄增, 邓超冰, 等. 大环江流域重金属污染土壤的3种修复技术研究 [J]. 江西农业学报, 2016, 28(10):94−97. LIU W M, HUANG Z, DENG C B, et al. Study on three kinds of remediation technologies for heavy-metal-contaminated soil in dahuanjiang river basin [J]. Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi, 2016, 28(10): 94−97.(in Chinese)
[12]	卫泽斌, 郭晓方, 丘锦荣, 等. 间套作体系在污染土壤修复中的应用研究进展 [J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2010, 29(S1):267−272. WEI Z B, GUO X F, QIU J R, et al. Innovative technologies for soil remediation: Intercropping or Co-cropping [J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2010, 29(S1): 267−272.(in Chinese)
[13]	郭秀芝, 彭政, 王铁霖, 等. 间套作体系下种间互作对药用植物影响的研究进展 [J]. 中国中药杂志, 2020, 45(9):2017−2022. GUO X Z, PENG Z, WANG T L, et al. Research progress in effects of interspecific interaction on medicinal plants in intercropping system [J]. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, 2020, 45(9): 2017−2022.(in Chinese)
[14]	王文明. 化肥减量增效的有效途径: 绿肥压青 [J]. 四川农业科技, 2017(12):29−31. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1028.2017.12.012 WANG W M. An effective way of reducing fertilizer [J]. Science and Technology of Sichuan Agriculture, 2017(12): 29−31.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1028.2017.12.012
[15]	赵慧娟. 油菜作为绿肥的栽培技术与田间肥效试验研究[D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2014. ZHAO H J. Cultivation technique and effect on soil fertility of oilseed rape plantaing as green manure[D]. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University, 2014.
[16]	黎健龙, 涂攀峰, 陈娜, 等. 茶树与大豆间作效应分析 [J]. 中国农业科学, 2008, 41(7):2040−2047. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2008.07.022 LI J L, TU P F, CHEN N, et al. Effects of tea intercropping with soybean [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2008, 41(7): 2040−2047.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2008.07.022
[17]	林乃铨. 建立生态茶园, 实现茶树害虫的持续控制 [J]. 福建茶叶, 1998, 20(4):14−15. LIN N S. Establishing ecological tea garden to realize the sustainable control of tea pests [J]. Tea in Fujia, 1998, 20(4): 14−15.(in Chinese)
[18]	应朝阳, 罗旭辉, 黄毅斌, 等. 闽引圆叶决明适应性研究 [J]. 草地学报, 2010, 18(1):137−140. doi: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2010.01.026 YING Z Y, LUO X H, HUANG Y B, et al. Study on adaptability of Chamaecrista rotundifolia Greene. cv. Minyin [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2010, 18(1): 137−140.(in Chinese) doi: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2010.01.026
[19]	詹杰, 李振武, 邓素芳, 等. 套种圆叶决明改善茶园生态环境促进茶树生长 [J]. 热带作物学报, 2019, 40(6):1055−1061. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2019.06.003 ZHAN J, LI Z W, DENG S F, et al. Interplanting Chamaecrista rotundifolia improves the ecological environment of tea garden and promotes the growth of tea trees [J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2019, 40(6): 1055−1061.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2019.06.003
[20]	张海伟. 甘蓝型油菜磷高效的生理机制研究[D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2009. ZHANG H W. Study on physiological mechanisms of phosphorus efficiency in brassica napus[D]. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University, 2009. (in Chinese)
[21]	梁丽妮, 郭晓光, 廖星, 等. 适宜茶园套种的绿肥型油菜资源筛选及初步应用 [J]. 中国油料作物学报, 2019, 41(6):825−834. LIANG L N, GUO X G, LIAO X, et al. Screening and preliminary application of rapeseed materials as green manure intercropped in tea plantations [J]. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences, 2019, 41(6): 825−834.(in Chinese)
[22]	杜宗敏. 羽扇豆栽培管理 [J]. 中国花卉园艺, 2019, 19(6):29. DU Z M. Lupin cultivation management [J]. China Flowers & Horticulture, 2019, 19(6): 29.(in Chinese)
[23]	张小丽, 杨溪华, 陈璐, 等. 羽扇豆研究现状及其南方红壤中的应用前景 [J]. 江西科学, 2020, 38(6):861−866. ZHANG X L, YANG X H, CHEN L, et al. Current research status of lupins and their application prospect on red soil in Southern China [J]. Jiangxi Science, 2020, 38(6): 861−866.(in Chinese)
[24]	杨冬雪. 福建省茶园土壤环境质量现状研究 [J]. 海峡科学, 2011(6):5−9. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8683.2011.06.002 YANG D X. Study on the status quo of soil environmental quality of tea gardens in Fujian province [J]. Strait Science, 2011(6): 5−9.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8683.2011.06.002
[25]	李艳春, 林忠宁, 陆烝, 等. 茶园间作灵芝对土壤细菌多样性和群落结构的影响 [J]. 福建农业学报, 2019, 34(6):690−696. LI Y C, LIN Z N, LU Z, et al. Microbial diversity and community structure in soil under tea bushes-Ganoderma lucidum intercropping [J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 34(6): 690−696.(in Chinese)
[26]	干露. 不同微生物对作物根系分泌物的影响[D]. 武汉: 湖北大学, 2017. GAN L. The effect of different microorganisms on crop root exudate[D]. Wuhan: Hubei University, 2017. (in Chinese)
[27]	陆雅海, 张福锁. 根际微生物研究进展 [J]. 土壤, 2006, 38(2):113−121. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-9829.2006.02.001 LU Y H, ZHANG F S. The advances in rhizosphere microbiology [J]. Soils, 2006, 38(2): 113−121.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-9829.2006.02.001
[28]	YERGEAU E, BOKHORST S, KANG S, et al. Shifts in soil microorganisms in response to warming are consistent across a range of Antarctic environments [J]. The ISME Journal, 2012, 6(3): 692−702. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2011.124