土荆芥精油对小菜蛾幼虫表皮的渗透促进作用

赵建伟; 陈艺欣; 林硕; 陈勇; 田厚军

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.06.011

土荆芥精油对小菜蛾幼虫表皮的渗透促进作用

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.06.011

福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所/福建省作物有害生物监测与治理重点实验室/农业农村部福州作物有害生物科学观测实验站/国家农业生物安全科学中心华东分中心，福建　福州　350013

基金项目: 福建省自然科学基金项目（2018J01044）；福建省农业科学院培育项目（AGP2018-7）

详细信息

作者简介:
赵建伟（1981−），男，硕士，助理研究员，研究方向：昆虫生态及毒理学（E-mail：58291012@qq.com）

通讯作者:
田厚军（1983−），男，硕士，助理研究员，研究方向：昆虫化学生态学（E-mail：tianhoujunbest@163.com）

中图分类号: S 435
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-04-25
- 修回日期: 2021-05-20
- 网络出版日期: 2021-07-13
- 刊出日期: 2021-06-28

Effects of Chenopodium ambrosioides Essential Oil on Exoskeleton and Insecticide Permeation of Plutella xylostella Larvae

Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests/Fuzhou Scientific Observation and Experimental Station on Crop Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/East China Branch, National Center for Agricultural Biosafety Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian　350013, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解土荆芥精油对杀虫剂的渗透促进作用，明确土荆芥精油对小菜蛾幼虫透皮吸收的效果。方法采用扫描电镜观察施用土荆芥精油后小菜蛾表皮超微结构的变化，并利用气质联用仪测定和分析土荆芥精油对杀虫剂透皮吸收量的影响。结果与蒸馏水对照和丙酮处理相比，土荆芥精油或氮酮处理后，小菜蛾表皮蜡质层结构出现明显的结构性损伤，刺状突起排列变得较为松散，刺状突起变得平滑，刺状突下部变得褶皱或开裂。随着时间的延续，土荆芥精油对3种杀虫剂的透皮吸收量和渗透率均大幅增加；处理24 h后，土荆芥精油处理的氟虫腈渗透率达99.34%，显著高于氟虫腈单剂（55.12%）。结论土荆芥精油与氮酮处理对小菜蛾幼虫表皮的影响相似，土荆芥精油对敌百虫、氟虫腈、毒死蜱都具有很好的渗透促进作用。本研究结果可为利用土荆芥精油促进有机磷、苯基吡唑类和硫代磷酸酯类杀虫剂的透皮作用提供理论依据。
- 小菜蛾 /
- 土荆芥 /
- 精油 /
- 透皮吸收 /
- 杀虫剂
Abstract: Objective Effects of Chenopodium ambrosioides (L.) essential oil on the exoskeleton structure and the insecticide permeation of Plutella xylostella (Linn.) were studied to determine if the insecticidal efficacy on the moth could be improved by treatment with the essential oil. Method Changes on the exoskeleton ultrastructure of diamondback moth (DBM, P. xylostella) larvae upon treatment of the wormseed essential oil (WEO) or Azone (laurocapram) were examined under a scanning electron microscope. The permeabilities of subsequent separate application of 3 insecticides into the larvae by percutaneous absorption and penetration were determined by GC-MS. Result Using distilled water as control and acetone for comparison, WEO or Azone treatment produced significant alterations on the spines and the epicuticle waxy layer structure of DBM. The hair-like piles became sparse, the cuticle surface smoothed, and the lower part of spines folded or cracked. Prolonged treatment significantly increased the penetration of the 3 subsequently applied insecticides through DBM exoskeleton. In 24h, the transdermal absorption rate of fipronil had reached 99.34%, which was significantly higher than control（55.12%）. Conclusion The enhancing effect of WEO pretreatment on the transdermal penetration of subsequently applied insecticide on DBM was similar to that of Azone. The enhancement on fipronil penetration was also found on trichlorfon and chlorpyrifos permeation. Similar results were, therefore, expected for the cases involving other organophosphorus, phenylpyrazole, and thiophosphate insecticides.
- Plutella xylostlla (Linn.) /
- Chenopodium ambrosioides L. /
- essential oil /
- transdermal absorption /
- insecticides

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图 1 土荆芥精油对小菜蛾幼虫表皮蜡质层超微结构的影响

注：①A、B：蒸馏水处理对照，C、D分别为500 mg·L⁻¹和 1 000 mg·L⁻¹土荆芥精油处理的小菜蛾幼虫体壁蜡质层超微结构（2 000倍）；②E、F：丙酮处理对照，G、H分别为500 mg·L⁻¹和 1 000 mg·L⁻¹氮酮处理的小菜蛾幼虫体壁蜡质层超微结构（2 000倍）。

Figure 1. Effect of WEO on cuticle wax layer of DBM larvae

Note: ① A and B were distilled water treatment control, C and D were ultrastructure of the body parietal wax layer of DBM larvae treated with 500 mg·L⁻¹ and 1 000 mg·L⁻¹ essential oil of C. ambrosioides (2 000 ×), respectively. ② E and F were acetone treatment control, G and H were ultrastructure of the body parietal wax layer of DBM larvae treated with 500 mg·L⁻¹ and 1 000 mg·L⁻¹ azone laurocapram (2 000×), respectively.

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表 1 敌百虫的累积透皮量及表皮渗透率

Table 1. Accumulative quantity and rate of trichlorphon penetrated through DBM exoskeleton

项目 Items	处理 Treatment	敌百虫 Trichlorphon	敌百虫+氮酮 Trichlorphon+Aazone laurocapram	敌百虫+土荆芥 Trichlorphon+C. ambrosioides
1 h	透皮量 Accumulative penetration/µɡ	0.1129±0.0049 b	0.1613±0.0032 a	0.1557±0.0178 a
1 h	渗透率 Penetration rate/%	45.16	64.51	62.27
2 h	透皮量 Accumulative penetration/µɡ	0.1486±0.0057 b	0.1666±0.0041 a	0.1731±0.0879 a
2 h	渗透率 Penetration rate/%	59.44	66.64	69.25
6 h	透皮量 Accumulative penetration/µɡ	0.2063±0.0089 ab	0.2145±0.0039 a	0.1832±0.0029 b
6 h	渗透率 Penetration rate/%	82.51	85.82	73.30
12 h	透皮量 Accumulative penetration/µɡ	0.2242±0.0004 a	0.2213±0.0029 a	0.2484±0.0027 a
12 h	渗透率 Penetration rate/%	89.68	88.51	99.37
24 h	透皮量 Accumulative penetration/µɡ	0.2405±0.0047 a	0.2439±0.1664 a	0.2491±0.0036 a
24 h	渗透率 Penetration rate/%	96.20	97.57	99.65
注：表中数据为平均数±标准误（mean±SE）；同行数值后不同英文字母者表示在0.05水平上差异显著。表2～3同。 Note: Datas mean ± standard error (mean±SE). Different letters after the same row indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level. The same as Table 2–3.

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表 2 氟虫腈的累积透皮量及表皮渗透率

Table 2. Accumulative quantity and rate of fipronil penetrated through DBM exoskeleton

项目 Items	处理 Treatment	氟虫腈 Fipronil	氟虫腈+氮酮 Fipronil+Aazone laurocapram	氟虫腈+土荆芥 Fipronil+ C. ambrosioides
1 h	透皮量 Accumulative penetration/µɡ	0.0004±0.0001 b	0.0006±0.0000 a	0.0006±0.0001 a
1 h	渗透率 Penetration rate/%	12.63	20.54	20.06
2 h	透皮量 Accumulative penetration/µɡ	0.0005±0.0000 c	0.0007±0.0001 b	0.0009±0.0001 a
2 h	渗透率 Penetration rate/%	16.53	23.23	29.21
6 h	透皮量 Accumulative penetration/µɡ	0.0006±0.0002 c	0.0010±0.0001 b	0.0014±0.0004 a
6 h	渗透率 Penetration rate/%	18.77	32.96	47.96
12 h	透皮量 Accumulative penetration/µɡ	0.0007±0.0000 c	0.0018±0.0003 b	0.0030±0.0006 a
12 h	渗透率 Penetration rate/%	24.52	60.88	99.08
24 h	透皮量 Accumulative penetration/µɡ	0.0017±0.0007 b	0.0028±0.0002 a	0.0030±0.0006 a
24 h	渗透率 Penetration rate/%	55.12	93.45	99.34

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表 3 毒死蜱的累积透皮量及表皮渗透率

Table 3. Accumulative quantity and rate of chlorpyrifos penetrated through DBM exoskeleton

项目 Items	处理 Treatment	毒死蜱 Chlorpyrifos	毒死蜱+氮酮 Chlorpyrifos+Aazone laurocapram	毒死蜱+土荆芥 Chlorpyrifos+C. ambrosioides
1 h	透皮量 Accumulative penetration/µɡ	0.6528±0.023 a	0.6683±0.0096 a	0.6643±0.0039 a
1 h	渗透率 penetration rate/%	87.05	89.11	88.58
2 h	透皮量 Accumulative penetration/µɡ	0.6697±0.0487 a	0.6875±0.0076 a	0.6665±0.0056 a
2 h	渗透率 penetration rate/%	89.29	91.66	88.87
6 h	透皮量 Accumulative penetration/µɡ	0.6623±0.0098 a	0.6713±0.0146 a	0.6643±0.0087 a
6 h	渗透率 penetration rate/%	88.31	89.50	88.58
12 h	透皮量 Accumulative penetration/µɡ	0.6655±0.0075 a	0.6713±0.0098 a	0.6903±0.0076 a
12 h	渗透率 penetration rate/%	88.72	89.50	92.05
24 h	透皮量 Accumulative penetration/µɡ	0.6849±0.0069 a	0.6914±0.0065 a	0.6981±0.0054 a
24 h	渗透率 penetration rate/%	91.32	92.19	93.08

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