钵苗机插密度对不同穗型杂交籼稻生长和产量形成的影响

习敏; 吴文革; 许有尊; 胡润; 凌新军; 孙雪原

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.07.001

钵苗机插密度对不同穗型杂交籼稻生长和产量形成的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.07.001

1.
安徽省农业科学院水稻研究所，安徽　合肥　230031
2.
池州市农业科学研究所，安徽　池州　247100
3.
池州市贵池区农业技术推广中心，安徽　池州　247100

基金项目: 安徽省自然科学基金项目（1708085QC76）；国家公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201303102）

详细信息

作者简介:
习敏（1987−），女，博士，副研究员，研究方向：主要从事水稻栽培生理生态研究（E-mail：ximin2015@126.com）

通讯作者:
吴文革（1967−），男，研究员，研究方向：从事水稻高产栽培技术研究（E-mail：wuwenge@vip.sina.com）

中图分类号: S 511
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-01-02
- 修回日期: 2021-05-28
- 网络出版日期: 2021-07-13
- 刊出日期: 2021-07-28

Effects of Density of Mechanically Transplanted Pot Seedlings on Growth and Yield of Hybrid Indica Rice with Different Panicle Types

XI Min^1
,,
WU Wenge^{1
, ,},
XU Youzun¹,
HU Run²,
Ling XinJun³,
SUN Xueyuan¹

1.
Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui　230031, China
2.
Chizhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Chizhou, Anhui　247100, China
3.
Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Guichi District, Chizhou, Anhui　247100, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探明钵苗机插密度对不同穗型杂交籼稻光合物质生产特性和产量形成的影响，为推广水稻钵苗机插高产栽培技术提供科学依据。方法以大穗型品种超优1000和穗粒兼顾型品种徽两优630为材料，设置4个钵苗机插密度处理（D₁：33 cm×12 cm，D₂：33 cm×14 cm，D₃：33 cm×16 cm，D₄：33 cm×18 cm），分析不同机插密度对水稻群体茎蘖消长动态、光合物质生产和产量形成的影响。结果（1）杂交籼稻主要生育期群体茎蘖数随栽插密度的降低而减少；与低密度处理相比，大穗型品种高密度处理的成穗率更高，穗粒兼顾型品种成穗率受机插密度影响较小。（2）各生育期叶面积指数随栽插密度的降低而下降，但叶面积衰减率降低、粒叶比增加。（3）随着机插密度的降低，水稻产量呈先增加后降低的趋势。（4）大穗型和穗粒兼顾型品种分别以D₃处理和D₂处理抽穗期群体质量较优，粒叶比大，叶面积衰减率低，抽穗后干物质积累量高，从而获得高产。（5）机插密度主要通过调控单位面积上的有效穗数和穗粒数影响产量。（6）水稻有效穗数随栽插密度的降低显著减少，而每穗粒数和着粒密度增加，结实率有所降低，千粒重受影响较小。结论钵苗机插配套栽培大穗型杂交籼稻品种宜适当降低栽插密度，在足穗基础上增加每穗粒数更有利于高产；穗粒兼顾型品种需协调单位面积穗数和穗粒数，以充分发挥其增产潜力。
- 钵苗机插 /
- 杂交籼稻 /
- 栽插密度 /
- 茎蘖动态 /
- 干物质积累 /
- 产量
Abstract: Objective Effects of planting density applied by the mechanical transplantation of pot seedlings on grain formation and yield of hybrid indica rice with different panicle types were studied. Method A field experiment was carried out with 4 planting densities (i.e., D₁ at 33 cm×12 cm, D₂ at 33 cm×14 cm, D₃ at 33 cm×16 cm, and D₄ at 33 cm×18 cm) by mechanical seedling transplantation. Seedlings of two indica rice cultivars with different panicle types, i.e., the large panicle type Chaoyou 1000 and the medium panicle type Huiliangyou 630, were planted. Tiller growth and photosynthetic matter generation as well as the grain yield and yield traits of the rice plants were monitored for analysis. Result (1) The number of stems and tillers at critical growth periods of the rice plants declined as the seedling density decreased. The productive tillers decreased significantly for the large panicle type cultivars but relative stable for the medium panicle type. (2) The leaf area index at key growth stages and the rate of change declined with decreasing planting density resulting in an increased spikelet per unit leaf area. (3) Reduced seedling density raised the grain yield initially followed by a decline. (4) Under D₂ or D₃, both cultivars showed better overall quality and grain yield with larger spikelets per unit leaf area, lower decreasing rate of leaf area, and the highest dry matter accumulation at late growth stage than the other treatments. (5) Varied planting density affected grain yield basically due to the altered number of effective panicles and spikelets per panicle of the rice plants. And (6) Lower seedling density significantly reduced the number of panicles but increased the spikelets per panicle. However, no significant differences on the 1000-grain weight were observed among the treatments. Conclusion In applying mechanical means for pot seedlings transplantation, it would be advisable to properly reduce the density of the hybrid large panicles indica rice seedlings to increase the spikelets per panicle by allowing formation of ample panicles to maximize the grain yield. For the medium panicle type rice, on the other hand, combination of increasing panicles and spikelets per panicle by altering the planting density seemed necessary to achieve the full yield potential.
- mechanical seedling transplantation /
- hybrid indica rice /
- planting density /
- stem/tiller dynamics /
- dry matter accumulation /
- yield and traits

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图 1 不同钵苗机插密度下不同穗型杂交籼稻的着粒密度

注：图中不同字母表示同一品种不同处理间在0.05水平上差异显著。

Figure 1. Hybrid indica rice cultivars seedling densities by mechanically transplantation with varied planting density

Note: Data with different letters indicate significant differences between treatments for same rice cultivar at 0.05.

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图 2 不同机插密度下不同穗型杂交籼稻群体茎蘖消长动态

Figure 2. Changes in growth periods on stem/tiller numbers of hybrid indica rice cultivars mechanically transplanted with varied planting densities

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表 1 不同机插密度下不同穗型杂交籼稻产量及构成因素

Table 1. Yield and yield traits of mechanically transplanted hybrid indica rice cultivars

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	穗数 Panicles/ （×10⁴穗·hm⁻²）	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	群体颖花量 Spikelets/ （× 10⁸朵·hm⁻²）	结实率 Seed setting/ %	千粒重 1000-grian weight/g	理论产量 Theoretical Yield/ （t·hm⁻²）	实际产量 Actual Yield/ （t·hm⁻²）	成穗率 Rate of productive Tillers/%
超优1000 Chaoyou1000	D₁	254.6±13.7 a	243.9±8.7 d	6.21±0.21 b	87.6±0.9 b	25.23±0.14 a	13.72±0.41 b	12.68±0.81 b	71.12±1.22 a
	D₂	228.9±10.5 b	261.7±19.2 c	5.99±0.23 c	90.9±1.5 a	25.41±0.22 a	13.85±0.25 ab	12.91±0.74 b	69.27±0.78 b
	D₃	207.9±11.1 c	315.8±16.0 b	6.57±0.32 a	86.8±0.7 b	25.42±0.21 a	14.49±0.42 a	13.61±0.52 a	69.20±1.52 b
	D₄	181.5±14.6 d	358.9±21.3 a	6.51±0.20 a	82.6±1.4 c	25.38±0.35 a	13.64±0.54 b	12.85±0.65 b	63.55±1.91 b
徽两优630 Huiliangyou630	D₁	269.7±14.9 a	193.7±10.4 c	5.22±0.31 a	92.5±0.8 a	27.39±0.27 a	13.23±0.38 a	12.36±0.73 ab	63.33±1.10 a
	D₂	242.0±9.2 b	218.0±9.6 b	5.27±0.43 a	90.6±0.5 b	27.51±0.15 a	13.15±0.74 a	12.89±0.41 a	61.54±1.51 b
	D₃	228.8±10.8 c	229.7±8.9 a	5.25±0.36 a	90.2±1.2 b	27.52±0.32 a	13.05±0.68 ab	12.18±0.69 ab	59.62±2.03 b
	D₄	203.3±14.3 d	233.5±14.3 a	4.75±0.27 b	89.3±1.3 b	27.43±0.27 a	11.62±0.85 b	11.40±1.02 b	63.02±0.65 a
注：表中同列数字后不同字母表示处理间差异显著（P＜0.05），下同。 Note: Data with different letters on same column indicate significant differences between treatments at P＜0.05. Same for below.

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表 2 不同钵苗机插密度下杂交籼稻的主要生育期

Table 2. Hybrid indica rice plant growth by mechanically transplantation with varied planting densities

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	播种期 Sowing date/ 月-日	移栽期 Transplanting/ 月-日	抽穗期 Heading/ 月-日	成熟期 Maturity/ 月-日	生育期 Growth duration/d	移栽-抽穗 Transplanting-heading/d
超优1000 Chaoyou1000	D₁	05-20	06-18	09-05	10-10	143	79
	D₂	05-20	06-18	09-07	10-13	146	81
	D₃	05-20	06-18	09-10	10-15	148	84
	D₄	05-20	06-18	09-10	10-15	148	84
徽两优630 Huiliangyou630	D₁	05-20	06-18	09-02	10-05	138	76
	D₂	05-20	06-18	09-05	10-07	140	79
	D₃	05-20	06-18	09-07	10-10	143	81
	D₄	05-20	06-18	09-07	10-10	143	81

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表 3 不同机插密度下不同穗型杂交籼稻叶面积指数及衰减率

Table 3. Leaf area index and decline rate of mechanically transplanted pot seedlings of hybrid indica rice cultivars at heading stage

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	叶面积指数（LAI） Leaf area index			叶面积衰减率 Declining rate of leaf area/ （LAI·d⁻¹）	粒叶比 Spikelet per cm² leaf area/ （粒·cm⁻²）
品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	拔节期 Jointing	抽穗期 Heading	成熟期 Maturity	叶面积衰减率 Declining rate of leaf area/ （LAI·d⁻¹）	粒叶比 Spikelet per cm² leaf area/ （粒·cm⁻²）
超优1000 Chaoyou 1000	D₁	3.94±0.12 a	7.77±0.40 a	3.06±0.25 ab	0.135±0.023 a	0.80±0.02 b
	D₂	3.60±0.20 ab	7.40±0.35 ab	2.97±0.11 b	0.123±0.012 b	0.81±0.01 b
	D₃	3.84±0.15 ab	7.58±0.52 ab	3.33±0.14 a	0.121±0.011 b	0.87±0.02 a
	D₄	3.75±0.32 b	7.23±0.28 b	3.05±0.16 ab	0.119±0.009 b	0.90±0.03 a
徽两优630 Huiliangyou 630	D₁	4.25±0.26 a	6.49±0.31 a	2.94±0.20 a	0.108±0.012 a	0.80±0.02 b
	D₂	4.19±0.14 a	6.35±0.17 ab	2.92±0.12 a	0.107±0.013 a	0.83±0.04 ab
	D₃	4.08±0.21 a	6.19±0.33 b	2.77±0.15 b	0.104±0.008 a	0.85±0.03 a
	D₄	4.07±0.32 a	5.55±0.51 c	2.74±0.23 b	0.085±0.011 b	0.86±0.02 a

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表 4 不同机插密度下水稻地上部干物质积累量及其比例

Table 4. Amount and rate of aboveground dry matters accumulation at critical growth stages of rice plants mechanically transplanted with varied planting densities

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	群体干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation/（t·hm⁻²）			不同生育阶段干物质积累量及比例 Dry matter accumulation and its rate at different growth stages
品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	拔节期 Jointing	抽穗期 Heading	成熟期 Maturity	移栽-拔节期 Transplanting-Jointing/ （t·hm⁻²）	比例 Rate/ （%）	拔节-抽穗期 Jointing-Heading/ （t·hm⁻²）	比例 Rate/ （%）	抽穗-成熟期 Heading-Maturity/ （t·hm⁻²）	比例 Rate/ （%）
超优1000 Chaoyou1000	D₁	6.13±0.34 a	14.21±0.31 a	21.10±0.74 b	6.13±0.19 a	29.04 a	8.08±0.07 a	38.29 a	6.89±0.43 d	32.67c
	D₂	6.09±0.42 a	13.35±0.17 c	21.51±0.65 b	6.09±0.08 a	28.33 b	7.26±0.12 b	33.76 b	8.15± 0.38 b	37.92 b
	D₃	6.07±0.29 a	13.78±0.18 b	23.10±0.58 a	6.07±0.11 a	26.29 c	7.71±0.15 b	33.36 b	9.32±0.32 a	40.35 a
	D₄	6.06±0.43 a	12.72±0.29 d	20.52±0.81 c	6.06±0.09 a	29.55 a	6.66±0.09 c	32.46 c	7.80±0.27 c	37.99 b
徽两优630 Huiliangyou630	D₁	6.05±0.37 a	11.67±0.22 a	20.69±1.02 a	6.05±0.11 a	29.24 a	5.60±0.05 a	27.17 a	9.02±0.25 b	43.58 b
	D₂	6.03±0.13 a	11.31±0.39 a	20.74±0.86 a	6.03±0.13 a	29.10 a	5.28±0.10 ab	25.45 b	9.43±0.18 a	45.46 a
	D₃	5.31±0.29 b	10.98±0.53 ab	19.98±0.53 a	5.31±0.08 b	26.59 c	5.67±0.07 a	28.36 a	9.00±0.24 b	45.06 a
	D₄	5.19±0.38 b	10.14±0.66 b	18.47±0.82 b	5.19±0.14 b	28.10 b	4.95±0.04 b	26.82 b	8.33±0.31 c	45.08 a

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