Nutritional Quality of Winter-potato Progenies
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摘要:
目的 培育适宜在冬作区种植且具有早熟、耐寒、高产、优质等综合性状的马铃薯新品种。 方法 采用田间随机区组试验设计，以耐寒、高产、优质的闽薯2号为母本，早熟、优质的中龙薯1号为父本，对其27份杂交后代品系进行研究，分析其维生素C、还原糖、干物质、蛋白质、矿质元素和氨基酸等主要营养品质的变异程度。 结果 27份杂交后代品系的营养品质性状的变异程度较大，其中：维生素C和还原糖含量的变异系数（CV）分别为22.4%和18.3%。干物质和蛋白质含量的变异程度较小，CV值分别为10.8%和14.9%。矿质元素中，镁和铁的变异程度较大，CV值分别为17.0%和24.2%；钾和锌的CV值分别为10.2%和12.1%。17种氨基酸组分的CV值范围在12.9%～38.0%，CV值超过25%的组分有天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、胱氨酸、精氨酸和脯氨酸；总氨基酸的CV值为14.6%。通过主成分分析和聚类分析，对27份杂交后代品系进行营养品质评价，初步筛选出1320040、1320001、1320009等12份高营养品质材料。 结论 27份杂交后代品系的营养品质性状具有丰富的遗传多样性，试验筛选出的12份高营养品质材料可为进一步选育冬作马铃薯优良新品种奠定物质基础。 Abstract:Objective In preparation of breeding new early-mature, cold tolerant, high yield winter-potato varieties the nutritional quality of the hybrid candidates was evaluated. Method A randomized block experiment was conducted in the field to compare the contents of vitamin C, reducing sugar, dry matters, protein, mineral elements, and amino acids in 27 hybrid progenies of a cold tolerant, high yield, high quality Minshu 2 as the female parent and a very early-mature, high quality Zhonglongshu 1 as the male parent. Result Significant variations on contents of the nutrients were found among the 27 cultivars. The coefficient of variations (CV) on vitamin C and reducing sugar were 22.4% and 18.3%, respectively, and smaller CV on dry matters and protein 10.8% and 14.9%, respectively. On minerals, the greatest differentiations were shown on Mg and Fe contents with CVs at 17.0% on Mg and 24.2% on Fe, but lower at 10.2% on K, and 12.1% on Zn. The contents of 17 amino acids varied in the CV range from 12.9% to 38.0% with Asp, Glu, Cys, Agr, and Pro higher than 25%, and the total amino acids at 14.6%. It appeared that these progenies were highly diverse genetically resulting in significant variations on their nutritional quality. Hence, careful selection of the hybrids would be necessary to maximize the nutritional quality of the new breed. Using the principal component and cluster analyses, 12 high-quality candidates including 1320040, 1320001, and 1320009 were preliminarily selected. Conclusion The nutritional quality of the 27 hybrids with rich genetic diversity was compared. Accordingly, 12 were chosen as candidates for breeding experimentation. -
Key words:
- potato /
- progenies /
- nutritional quality /
- evaluate
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图 1 29份参试材料基于品质综合评价指数的聚类分析
注：ZLS1 和 MS2 分别表示中龙薯1号和闽薯2号。
Figure 1. Cluster analysis based on comprehensive quality evaluation indices for 29 potato germplasms
Note：ZLS1 and MS2 indicates Zhonglongshu 1 and Minshu 2. respectively.
表 1 本研究亲本来源及特征特性
Table 1. Origins and characteristics of Minshu 2 and Zhonglongshu 1
来源/性状
Origin/Traits闽薯2号（母本）
Minshu 2（Female）中龙薯1号（父本）
Zhonglongshu 1（Male）选育单位 Breeding institute 福建省农业科学院作物研究所
Crop research Institute, Fujian of Agricultural Science中国科学院微生物研究所和黑龙江省农业科学院作物育种研究所
Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Institute of Crop breeding, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences生育期 Growth period /d 89 67 产量 Yield/（kg·hm−2） 30019 27963 干物质 Dry matter/% 17.78 — 淀粉 Starch /% — 13.22～15.21 蛋白质 Protein/% 10.6 2.07～2.73 还原糖 Reducing sugar /% 5.6 0.21～0.22 维生素C Vitamin C/（mg·hg−1） 28.0 16.20～18.77 食味品质 Eating quality 较好 Moderately good 好 Good 抗病性 Disease resistance 中抗马铃薯X病毒（PVX）、马铃薯Y病毒（PVY）和早疫病，中感晚疫病
Moderately resistant to PVX, PVY and early blight, moderate susceptible to late blight抗晚疫病、马铃薯X病毒、马铃薯Y病毒
Resistant to late blight, PVX and PVY耐寒性 Cold tolerance 较耐寒 Moderately resistant to cold stress — 注：（1）“—”表示没有测定数据；（2）表中数据来源于文献[19～20]。
Note: （1） "—” indicate no data detected; (2) The data was from Reference [19-20].
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表 2 马铃薯杂交后代干物率、蛋白质、维生素C和还原糖的差异
Table 2. Contents of dry matters, protein, vitamin C and reducing sugar in hybrid progenies
性状 Trait 亲本 Parent 杂交后代 Hybrid progeny 母本 Female 父本 Male 均值 Average 均值 Average 变异幅度 Variation range 变异系数 CV/% 干物率 DMC/% 17.2 15.9 16.6 15.84 11.7～18.0 10.8 蛋白质 Pro/（g·kg−1） 14.7 18.9 16.8 20.8 15.0～28.0 14.9 维生素C VC /（g·kg−1） 0.39 0.18 0.29 0.29 0.18～0.45 22.4 还原糖 RS/（g·kg−1） 7.8 6.6 7.2 6.0 4.8～8.9 18.3
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表 3 马铃薯杂交后代矿质元素的差异
Table 3. Mineral elements in hybrid progenies
项目 Item 钾K/
（g·kg−1）镁Mg/
（mg·kg−1）锌Zn/
（mg·kg−1）铁Fe/
（mg·kg−1）亲本
Parent母本
Female5.9 246 2.8 5.6 父本
Male7.0 234 3.2 5.6 均值
Average6.4 240 3.0 5.6 杂交后代
Hybrid progeny均值
Average5.8 209 3.2 5.9 变异幅度
Variation range4.3～6.8 147～310 2.0～3.9 3.4～9.4 变异系数
CV/%10.2 17.0 12.1 24.2
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表 4 马铃薯杂交后代氨基酸含量的差异
Table 4. Amino acids content in hybrid progenies
氨基酸 Amino acids 亲本 Parent/（g·kg−1） 杂交后代 Hybrid progeny 母本 Female 父本 Male 均值 Average 均值 Average/（g·kg−1） 变异幅度 Variation range/（g·kg−1） 变异系数 CV/% 天门冬氨酸 Asp 24.0 29.5 26.8 39.6 26.6～75.1 29.3 苏氨酸 Thr 5.5 6.5 6.0 6.6 4.6～8.8 16.7 丝氨酸 Ser 5.1 6.1 5.6 6.2 4.4～8.1 18.8 谷氨酸 Glu 41.4 38.0 39.7 63.6 35.9～97.9 25.7 甘氨酸 Gly 4.2 5.1 4.7 4.9 3.4～6.7 20.5 丙氨酸 Ala 4.4 5.9 5.2 5.8 3.9～10.2 20.6 胱氨酸 Cys 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.5～2.2 36.4 缬草氨酸Val 7.5 9.2 8.3 9.5 6.5～11.6 12.9 蛋氨酸 Met 1.3 0.98 1.1 1.4 1.0～2.0 16.0 异亮氨酸 Ile 4.0 5.1 4.5 5.2 3.5～6.4 17.0 亮氨酸 Leu 7.6 8.6 8.1 8.6 5.9～11.9 21.3 酪氨酸 Tyr 3.4 3.5 3.5 4.4 2.9～5.9 17.0 苯丙氨酸 Phe 5.8 6.7 6.2 7.1 5.1～8.5 14.0 赖氨酸 Lys 7.9 9.1 8.5 9.3 7.2～11.9 14.7 组氨酸 His 2.2 2.6 2.4 2.9 2.0～3.9 18.1 精氨酸 Agr 6.2 7.9 7.1 9.3 5.5～15.8 29.1 脯氨酸 Pro 4.4 5.5 4.9 5.1 2.4～12.4 38.0 合计 Total 135.7 151.2 143.5 190.4 138.4～237.1 14.6
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表 5 马铃薯杂交后代品质性状的相关系数
Table 5. Correlation coefficients among quality properties of hybrid progenies
DMC Pro VC RS K Mg Zn Fe TAC DMC 1 Pro −0.247 1 VC −0.071 −0.301 1 RS −0.215 −0.345 0.001 1 K 0.659** 0.022 −0.335 −0.173 1 Mg 0.611** −0.202 −0.058 −0.116 0.467* 1 Zn 0.554** −0.011 −0.274 0.163 0.441* 0.197 1 Fe 0.057 −0.173 −0.258 −0.019 0.030 0.017 0.326 1 TAC −0.283 0.927** −0.203 −0.316 −0.059 −0.187 0.018 −0.096 1 注：（1）*和**分别表示在0.05和0.01水平上显著相关；（2）TAC表示总氨基酸含量。
Note: (1) * and ** indicate significant correlation at 0.05 and 0.01 level, respectively. (2) TAC indicates total amino acid content.
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表 6 马铃薯杂交后代品质性状主成分分析的因子载荷、特征值与贡献率
Table 6. Factor loading, eigenvalue and contribution rate on quality parameters of hybrid progenies for principal component analysis
项目
Items指标
Parameters主成分
Principal componentPC1 PC2 PC3 因子载荷
Factor loading干物率 DMC 0.884 0.133 −0.256 蛋白质 Pro −0.439 0.862 −0.039 维生素C VC −0.211 −0.538 −0.510 还原糖 RS −0.002 −0.506 0.520 钾 K 0.740 0.396 −0.130 镁 Mg 0.694 0.070 −0.373 锌 Zn 0.632 0.280 0.439 铁 Fe 0.269 0.026 0.656 总氨基酸
TAC−0.463 0.819 −0.007 特征值
Eigenvalue2.733 2.218 1.377 贡献率
Contribution rate/%30.362 24.642 15.303 累计贡献率
Cumulative contribution rate/%30.362 55.004 70.307
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表 7 马铃薯杂交后代品质性状综合评价结果
Table 7. Comprehensive evaluation on quality parameters of hybrid progenies
编号 Code 主成分分值 Principal component values Q PC1 PC2 PC3 1320040 1.18 0.55 0.24 0.53 1320001 0.83 0.42 1.03 0.51 1320013 0.81 0.83 −0.07 0.44 1320007 0.67 −0.26 1.69 0.40 1320053 0.32 0.83 0.63 0.40 1320020 1.40 −1.06 1.48 0.39 ZLS1 1.04 −0.02 0.29 0.36 1320047 0.02 1.71 −0.51 0.35 1320006 −0.14 1.18 0.37 0.31 1320043 0.64 1.15 −1.18 0.29 1320038 −0.73 0.79 1.87 0.26 1320009 0.47 0.07 0.36 0.22 1320068 −0.87 1.70 0.07 0.17 1320026 0.33 0.66 −0.89 0.13 1320076 0.38 −0.68 1.11 0.12 1320063 1.42 −0.64 −1.58 0.03 1320066 −0.10 −0.18 0.19 −0.05 1320015 −0.16 −0.21 0.29 −0.06 1320046 −0.28 −0.12 0.21 −0.08 1320059 0.07 −0.50 −0.31 −0.15 1320079 −1.07 0.13 0.85 −0.16 1320011 −1.24 1.37 −1.67 −0.29 1320045 0.52 −0.95 −1.54 −0.31 1320069 0.64 −1.22 −1.38 −0.32 1320041 −1.04 0.45 −1.06 −0.37 MS2 0.71 −2.10 −0.78 −0.42 1320071 −1.71 −1.53 1.12 −0.73 1320062 −1.35 −1.43 −0.58 −0.85 1320003 −2.77 −0.93 −0.23 −1.11 注：（1）Q表示品质综合评价指数；（2）ZLS1 和 MS2 分别表示中龙薯1号和闽薯2号。
Note: (1) Q indicates quality comprehensive evaluation index. (2) ZLS 1 and MS 2 indicate Zhonglongshu 1 and Minshu 2, respectively.
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