贵州两种乳菇的鉴定及同源性分析

易筑刚; 陈春旭; 陈华; 刘明理

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.07.005

贵州两种乳菇的鉴定及同源性分析

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.07.005

1.
贵州省遵义市林业科学研究所，贵州　遵义　563000
2.
贵州省湄潭县高台镇林业站，贵州　遵义　564111

基金项目: 贵州省科技支撑计划项目（黔科合支撑[2017]2515）

详细信息

作者简介:
易筑刚（1963−），男，高级工程师，研究方向：林下珍稀食药用菌研究（E-mail：291472810@qq.com）

陈春旭（1993−），男，硕士，助理工程师，研究方向：林下珍稀食药用菌与分子生物学研究（E-mail：chenchunxu17@163.com）

中图分类号: Q 93
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-02-06
- 修回日期: 2021-06-04
- 网络出版日期: 2021-07-13
- 刊出日期: 2021-07-28

Identification and Homology of Two Varieties of Lactarius Found in Guizhou

1.
Zunyi Academy of Forestry, Zunyi, Guizhou　563000, China
2.
Gaotai Town Forestry Station, Meitan County, Zunyi, Guizhou　564111, China

摘要

摘要: 目的鉴定贵州两种松乳菇近缘乳菇，为贵州省乳菇近源种鉴定提供方法。方法以马尾松Pinus massoniana林下生长的两种与松乳菇近似的乳菇为研究对象，使用形态学和rDNA ITS 区段核苷酸序列分析相结合的方法进行分析鉴定。结果两种乳菇分别属于鲜艳乳菇Lactarius vividus和红汁乳菇L. hatsudake，两种乳菇在形态学和分子序列上存在一定差异；与松乳菇的同源性分别达95%和93%，在形态特征以及生物、生态学特性上具有极高相似性。结论从形态学和分子水平上对贵州鲜艳乳菇、红汁乳菇等进行鉴定，为外生菌根类珍稀食用菌驯化以及保育促产技术的研究与推广应用提供参考依据。
- 鲜艳乳菇 /
- 红汁乳菇 /
- rDNA ITS序列 /
- 同源性 /
- 保育促产
Abstract: Objective Two varieties closely related to Lactarius delicious found in the wild in Guizhou were morphologically and molecularly identified and homology analyzed. Method Two species of Lactarius from a Pinus massoniana forest in Hejiang Village, Meitan County were examined on their morphological features under a microscope and on their phylogenetic characteristics by ITS rDNA sequence. Result The two mushroom varieties were identified to be L. vividus and L. hatsudake. Between them, significant discrepancies in morphology and ITS phylogeny were evident. L. vividus was 95% homologous with L. deliciosus, while L. hatsudake slightly lower at 93%. Conclusion The information provided a concrete basis for the species identification facilitating the conservation, domestication, research, and utilization of the rare and valuable Lactarius in the wild.
- Lactarius vividus /
- Lactarius hatsudake /
- rDNA ITS sequence /
- phylogeny /
- conservation and production promotion technology

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图 1 子实体1

注：A，俯视图；B，底视图；C，侧视图。

Figure 1. Photos of Target 1

Note: A, top view; B, bottom view; C, lateral view.

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图 2 子实体2

注：A，俯视图；B，底视图；C，侧视图。

Figure 2. Photos of Target 2

Note: A, top view; B, bottom view; C, lateral view.

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图 3 基于ITS序列利用最大似然法构建的系统发育树

Figure 3. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on ITS sequences of Lactarius and Russula

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图 4 基于ITS序列构建的同源树

Figure 4. Homologous tree constructed based on ITS sequences

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表 1 子实体1和子实体2差异对比

Table 1. Differences between Target 1 and Target 2

类目 Category			子实体 1 Target 1	子实体 2 Target 2
子实体特征 Basidiocarps features	相似性 Similarity	菇体 Basidiocarps	小型至中型，汁少伤后渐变铜绿色 Small to medium in size, little sap that turned gradually copper-green in color at injury.
		着生规律 Growth pattern	多为散生少簇生 Mostly scattering, few clustering.
		菌盖 Pileus	直径3～8 cm，幼时边沿内卷扁半球形，中间略凹，轮纹明显至无；大时中间凹陷，轮纹明显，光滑湿黏 3-8 cm in diameter, edge curled inward with hemispheric in appearance, slightly concave in middle, apparent or no rings at young, and when matured, depression in middle with visible rings, wet, viscid and smooth surface.
		菌褶 Gills	菌褶密、衍生、分叉 Bushy, decurrent, and branching.
		菌柄 Stipe	圆柱形至棒状，两端被覆白色粉状物，初内实后松软至中空 Cylindrical to rod in shape, two ends covered with white powder, solid interior when young, becomes soft, spongy, and hollow at maturity.
	差异性 Difference	菌盖 Pileus	浅橙黄色，大时边沿伸展，伞状至漏斗形 Light orange in color, edge extended at maturity, umbrella- to funnel-like in shape	幼时暗灰至浅褐红色，大时浅褐红色，大时边沿略伸展，伞状至浅漏斗形 Gray or reddish brown when young, became reddish brown with extended edge when matured, umbrella- to funnel-like in shape
		菌褶 Gills	橙黄色 Orange yellow in color	褐红色 Reddish brown in color
		菌柄 Stipe	长3～7 cm，粗1～2 cm，近基部略膨大呈浅橙黄色 3-7 cm long×1-2 cm diameter, enlarged towards base, light orange in color	长2～6 cm，粗1～3 cm，稍弯曲，个别基部渐细呈浅褐红色 2-6 cm long×1-3 cm diameter, slightly curved, a few shrunk towards base, light reddish brown in color
出菇规律 Basidiocarps regularity		初次出菇 First basidiocarps	初菇5月24日 Appeared on May 24
		出菇周期 Basidiocarps period	5月至7月，9月至10月 From May to July, September to October	5月至6月，9月至11月 From May to June, September to October
		出菇数量 Basidiocarps numbers	春季出菇相对较少，占全年出菇量的30%；秋季较多，占全年出菇量的70% Relatively small spring basidiocarps accounted for 30% of annual basidiocarps; more abundant in autumn accounting for 70% of annual basidiocarps	春季出菇相对较少，占全年出菇量的10%；秋季较多，占全年出菇量的90% Relatively small spring basidiocarps accounted for 10% of annual basidiocarps; more abundant in autumn accounting for 90% of annual basidiocarps

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