主栽毛木耳菌株农艺性状及ISSR遗传分析

柯丽娜; 黄艺宁; 袁滨; 张志鸿; 连燕萍; 吴振强

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.07.006

主栽毛木耳菌株农艺性状及ISSR遗传分析

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.07.006

1.
漳州市农业科学研究所，福建　漳州　363005
2.
漳州职业技术学院，福建　漳州　363000

基金项目: 国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目（CARS-20）、福建省科技计划项目（2019N0054）

详细信息

作者简介:
柯丽娜（1982−），女，硕士，副研究员，研究方向：食用菌育种与栽培（E-mail：kelina@126.com）

通讯作者:
吴振强（1977−），男，高级农艺师，研究方向：作物栽培（E-mail：wuzhenqiang77@sina.com）

中图分类号: S 646
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-03-24
- 修回日期: 2021-05-18
- 网络出版日期: 2021-07-13
- 刊出日期: 2021-07-28

Agronomic Characteristics and ISSR Molecular Markers of Auricularia cornea Strains

1.
Zhangzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zhangzhou, Fujian　363005, China
2.
Zhangzhou Institute of Technology, Zhangzhou, Fujian　363000, China

摘要

摘要: 目的明确主栽毛木耳菌株的亲缘关系，为毛木耳选育新品种、种质资源构建保存研究等提供参考依据。方法收集省内外主栽以及前期杂交的毛木耳菌株共8个，进行农艺性状以及ISSR遗传分析，农艺性状包括菌种菌丝生长速度、子实体形态特征、产量、干湿比等进行分析。结果供试菌株的农艺性状有一定的差异，其中菌株43012、漳耳43-28菌丝生长速度较快，耳片平均直径大，分别为11.8 、11.3 cm，耳片厚，分别为0.128 、0.126 cm，产量高，干耳总产量分别达到72.5 、71.5 g·袋⁻¹。菌株杂10表现耳片多，菊花状。菌株CR5表现耳片腹面浅红褐色。根据晒干后毛木耳背面的色泽，将供试菌株分为白背毛木耳和黄背毛木耳两大类，其中永耳13、781、漳平42等3个菌株为黄背毛木耳，其他菌株为白背毛木耳。ISSR分子标记分析结果表明，供试菌株在相似性75%水平上，聚为5大类群，菌株781和永耳13为第一类群，2个菌株的相似性为98%，菌株CR5为第二类群，漳耳43-28、杂10为第三类群，2个菌株的相似性为76%，苏毛3号、43012为第四类群，2个菌株的相似性为83%。菌株漳平42为第五类群，漳平42与其他菌株的相似性最小为53%。结论结合农艺性状及ISSR聚类分析，初步判断菌株781与永耳13可能为同一品种，为同种异名现象。菌株杂10、CR5、43012、漳耳4328各有优势，可以作为杂交育种的亲本。
- 毛木耳 /
- 农艺性状 /
- ISSR /
- 遗传分析
Abstract: Objective Morphological and genetic characteristics of strains of Auricularia cornea were studied to facilitate new variety breeding and germplasm conservation. Method The agronomic properties and ISSR molecular markers of 8 major strains of cultivated or hybrid A. cornea collected from Fujian and other producing provinces in China were determined for comparison. Result The strains had significant morphological and genetic differences. Zhanger 43-28 and Strain 43012 showed the highest rate of mycelial growth with an average diameter of 11.8 cm and 11.3 cm, respectively, a thickness of 0.128 cm and 0.126 cm, respectively, and an output of 72.5 g·bag⁻¹ and 71.5 g·bag⁻¹, respectively, on earpieces. Za 10 had numerous earpieces with the fruiting body a chrysanthemum-like appearance. And the ventral surface of Strain CR5 was light reddish brown in color. The dried fruiting bodies of the 8 strains were either white or yellow on the back. Thus, Yonger 13, Strain 781, and Zhangping 42 were commercially categorized as yellow-backed and the other strains white-backed A. cornea. At 75% similarity on ISSR molecular markers, the 8 strains were clustered into Group 1 that consisted of Strain 781 and Yonger 13, the similarity of the two strains was 98%. Group 2 of Strain CR5, Group 3 of Zhanger 43-28 and Za 10, the similarity of the two strains was 76%. Group 4 of Sumao 3 and Strain 43012, the similarity of the two strains was 83% and Group 5 of Zhangping 42, Zhangping 42 and the remainders at 53%. Conclusion Combined the agronomic characteristics and ISSR clustering result, Yonger 13 and Strain 781 appeared phylogenetically closely related. They were same species but had been given different names. Strains Za 10, CR5, 43012 and Zhanger 4328 have their own advantages and can be used as parents of cross breeding.
- Auricularia cornea /
- agronomic characters /
- ISSR /
- genetic analysis

HTML全文

图 1 引物H8、H11、H26对毛木耳菌株扩增的ISSR 指纹图谱（从左到右）

注：Marker为 DL2000

Figure 1. ISSR fingerprints of amplified primers H8, H11, and H26 (from left to right) on A. cornea strains

Note：Marker is DL2000

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 8个毛木耳菌株ISSR相似性系数聚类分析结果

Figure 2. Result of ISSR-base cluster analysis

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 供试菌株

Table 1. Eight A. cornea strains studied

编号 NO.	菌株名称 Strain	来源 Source
1	781	三明市真菌研究所 Fungi Institute of Sanming
2	永耳13 Yonger13	永安市耳农赠送 Yongan er nong giving
3	漳耳43-28 Zhanger43-28	漳州市农业科学研究所 Zhangzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences
4	苏毛3号 Sumao3	江苏省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 Vegetable Research Institute, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
5	漳平42 Zhangping42	漳平市耳农赠送 Zhangping er nong giving
6	43012	漳州市农业科学研究所 Zhangzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences
7	杂10 Za10	漳州市农业科学研究所 Zhangzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences
8	CR5	四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 ISSR引物列表

Table 2. Sequence of ISSR primers

引物名称 Name	引物序列 Sequence
H3	AGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGG
H4	AGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGC
H5	GSGTGTGTGTGTGTGTGT
H7	TCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCC
H8	AGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGYA
H9	AGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGYC
H10	GAGAGAGAGAGAGAGAYC
H11	GAGAGAGAGAGAGAGAYT
H12	GAGAGAGAGAGAGAGAYG
H14	TGCACACACACACAC
H15	GTGACACACACACAC
H16	AGTGTGTGTGTGTGT
H18	GGAGTGGTGGTGGTG
H19	AGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGGC
H20	ACACACACACACACACCG
H22	ACACACACACACACACC
H23	GTGACGACTCTCTCTCT
H25	ACACACACACACACACG
H26	AGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGYT
H27	CACACACACACACACARC
H28	ACACACACACACACACYA
P4	GGATGCAACACACACACAC
P5	CGTGTGTGTGTGTGT
P11	GAGAGAGAGAGAGAGAAC
P21	AGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCG
P26	CACCACACACACACACA

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 菌种菌丝生长情况

Table 3. Mycelial growth

供试菌株 Strain	母种菌丝生长速度 Mycelial growth rate of primary spawn/（mm·d⁻¹）	原种菌丝长速度 Mycelial growth rate of secondary spawn/（mm·d⁻¹）	栽培种菌丝生长速度 Mycelial growth rate of third spawn/（mm·d⁻¹）
781	4.10±0.015 cC	4.20±0.006 fE	4.35±0.0006 gF
永耳13 Yonger13	4.26±0.011 bB	4.04±0.025 gF	4.68±0.005 fE
漳耳43-28 Zhanger43-28	3.31±0.029 eE	4.48±0.003 bB	4.92±0.009 dC
苏毛3号 Sumao3	4.12±0.009 cC	4.43±0.006 dC	5.10±0.04 cB
漳平42 Zhangping42	3.77±0.003 dD	4.98±0.006 aA	5.25±0.011 aA
43012	4.33±0.006 aA	4.46±0.006 cBC	5.22±0.006 aA
杂10 Za10	2.15±0.005 gG	3.60±0.01 hG	4.80±0.044 eD
CR5	3.14±0.002 fF	4.24±0.004 eD	5.15±0.04 bB
注：同列不同大写字母表示差异极显著（P＜0.01），小写字母不同表示差异显著（P＜0.05），表4同. Note: Data with different capital letters on same column indicate significant difference at P＜0.01; those with different lowercase letters significant difference at P＜0.05. The same as Table 4.

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表 4 各菌株子实体的形态特征

Table 4. Morphological characteristics of 8 A. cornea strains

菌株 Strain	耳片平均直径 Average diameter/cm		耳片厚度 Average diameter/cm	绒毛数量 Number of villi	腹面	干耳颜色 Dry color
菌株 Strain	横径 Transverse diameter	纵径 Longitudinal diameter	耳片厚度 Average diameter/cm	绒毛数量 Number of villi	棱脊 Ventral ridge	背面 Back	腹面 Ventral surface
781	10.6±0.017 dCD	8.1±0.038 eE	0.095±0.007 cdC	少量 less	少量 less	黄褐色 yellowish brown	暗紫红色 dark purple
永耳13 Yonger13	10.51±0.095 eD	8.2±0.01 dD	0.101±0.003 cC	少量less	多，棱形 more, prismatic	浅黄褐色 light yellowish brown	暗紫红色 dark purple
漳耳43-28 Zhanger43-28	11.3±0.05 bB	8.89±0.04 aA	0.126±0.001 aA	多more	无 none	浅灰白色 light gray white	紫褐色 purplish brown
苏毛3号 Sumao 3	11.22±0.026 bB	8.19±0.014 dD	0.125±0.003 aA	多 more	无 none	浅灰白色 light gray white	紫褐色 purplish brown
漳平42 Zhangping42	10.5±0.015 eD	8.04±0.031 fF	0.092±0.002 dC	多 more	无 none	浅黄褐色 light yellowish brown	紫褐色 purplish brown
43012	11.8±0.015 aA	8.5±0.013 bB	0.128±0.006 dC	多 more	无 none	浅灰白色 light gray white	紫褐色 purplish brown
杂10 Za10	10.3±0.021 fE	7.8±0.01 gG	0.113±0.001 bB	多 more	多，网状 more, reticular	浅灰色 light grey	紫褐色 purplish brown
CR5	10.7±0.086 cC	8.3±0.007 cC	0.122±0.003 aA	少量 less	少量 less	白色 white	浅红褐色 light reddish brown

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表 5 各菌株产量情况表

Table 5. Average yields of 8 A. cornea strains

菌株 Strain	第一潮平均产量 First average production/ （g·袋⁻¹）	第二潮平均产量 Second average production/ （g·袋⁻¹）	总产量 Total production/ （g·袋⁻¹）	5%显著水平 Significance level	第一潮产量/总产量 First average production/ Total production
781	61.0	6.1	67.1	cd	90.9%
永耳13 Yonger13	61.5	7.5	69.0	c	89.13%
漳耳43-28 Zhanger43-28	66.5	5.0	71.5	ab	93.01%
苏毛3号 Sumao 3	65.0	5.2	70.2	b	92.59%
漳平42 Zhangping42	55.0	7.5	62.5	e	88.00%
43012	63.5	9.0	72.5	a	87.59%
杂10 Za10	62.5	5.0	67.5	cd	92.59%
CR5	57.5	8.5	66.0	d	87.12%

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表 6 不同菌株子实体干湿比分析

Table 6. Dry to wet fruiting body weight ratio of 8 A. cornea strains

菌株 Strain	毛木耳干湿比 Dry and wet ratio
菌株 Strain	1.5 h	3 h	18 h	20 h
781	4.70	5.41	6.00	6.02
永耳13 Yonger13	4.73	5.47	6.06	6.07
漳耳43-28 Zhanger43-28	4.89	5.2	5.51	5.54
苏毛3号 Sumao No.3	4.81	5.13	5.5	5.52
漳平42 Zhangping42	4.63	5.03	5.39	5.39
43012	4.62	5.06	5.52	5.53
杂10 Za10	5.32	5.68	6.34	6.33
CR5	3.65	3.76	3.96	3.95

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