Relationship between Environmental Factors and Diversity of Culturable Yeasts in Rhizosphere Soil of Rice Field on Tibetan Plateau
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摘要:
目的 开展林芝市察隅县水稻根际土壤可培养酵母菌多样性研究，并探究其与土壤理化因子的相关性。 方法 采用稀释涂布法分离纯化酵母菌，并采用rRNA ITS区域序列分析与经典分类法对酵母菌菌株进行鉴定。采用R 3.6.1 分析可培养酵母菌多样性及其与土壤理化因子之间的关系。 结果 从林芝市察隅县水稻根际土壤中共分离得到352株酵母菌，分属于10个属13个种，优势种为Cryptococcus podzolicus。Pearson相关系数显示，全氮和全磷与酵母菌种数及属数呈极显著正相关，全氮与酵母菌Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数呈极显著正相关，与Pielou均匀度指数呈显著正相关，全磷与Shannon-Wiener多样性指数呈显著正相关；全氮与Candida pseudolambica、Goffeauzyma gastrica、Papiliotrema aspenensis以及Solicoccozyma terricola呈显著正相关；全磷与Goffeauzyma gastrica和Solicoccozyma terricola呈极显著正相关，与Candida pseudolambica呈显著正相关；含水量与Papiliotrema aspenensis呈极显著正相关。 结论 不同土壤理化因子对水稻根际酵母菌的影响程度不同，其中全氮和全磷是影响水稻根际酵母菌群落结构的主要因素。 Abstract:Objective Diversity of culturable yeasts in rhizosphere soil of rice fields at Zayü County, Nyingchi City, Tibet was determined and its correlation with the environmental factors analyzed. Method Yeasts from the soil samples were isolated by dilution with a streaking plate method and identified by sequencing ITS domains of rRNA gene and conventional classification. Software R 3.6.1 was used to examine correlations between the yeast diversity and environmental factors. Result A total of 352 yeast strains of 10 genera and 13 species dominated by Cryptococcus podzolicus were isolated. The numbers extremely significantly correlated with the contents of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in the habitat rhizosphere soil. TN extremely significantly correlated to both Shannon-Wiener and Simpson diversity indices and significantly correlated to Pielou evenness index, but TP only significantly correlated to Shannon-Wiener diversity index. At species level, the abundance of Candida pseudolambica, Goffeauzyma gastrica, Papiliotrema aspenensis, and Solicoccozyma terricola significantly correlated to TN, G. gastrica and S. terricola extremely significantly and C. pseudolambica significantly correlated to TP, and P. aspenensis extremely significantly correlated to the water content (WC) in soil. Conclusion Different environmental factors affected differently on the rhizosphere yeast community on rice fields in the region. TN and TP in soil appeared to play a prominent role in that respect. -
Key words:
- Tibetan Plateau /
- rice field /
- rhizosphere soil /
- yeast /
- diversity /
- environmental factors
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图 1 林芝市察隅县水稻根际土壤采样点分布
Figure 1. Sites for rhizosphere soil sampling on rice fields in Zayü County
图 2 林芝市察隅县各样点水稻根际土壤可培养酵母菌Jaccard相似性系数
Figure 2. Jaccard coefficients of culturable yeasts at sampling sites
图 3 林芝市察隅县各样点水稻根际土壤可培养酵母菌多样性指数差异性分析
注：A：酵母菌物种数和属数；B：酵母菌总丰度；C：酵母菌多样性指数；H’：Shannon-Wiener多样性指数；D：Simpson多样性指数；J’：Pielou均匀度指数。不同字母标记的数据表明不同样点之间的差异显著（P＜0.05）。
Figure 3. Diversity indices of culturable yeasts at sampling sites
Note: A: numbers of yeast species and genera; B: yeast counts; C: yeast diversity indices; H’: Shannon index; D: Simpson index; J’: Pielou evenness index; data marked with different letters indicate significant difference between sites at P＜0.05.
图 4 林芝市察隅县各样点水稻根际土壤理化因子差异性分析
注：不同字母标记的数据表明不同样点之间的差异显著（P＜0.05）。
Figure 4. Physiochemical properties of rhizosphere soils at sampling sites
Note: Data marked with different letters indicate significant difference at P＜0.05.
图 5 林芝市察隅县各样点水稻根际土壤理化因子与可培养酵母菌多样性指数Pearson相关性分析
注：*：在0.05水平上显著相关；**：在0.01水平上极显著相关。
Figure 5. Pearson correlation coefficients between culturable yeast diversity indices and physiochemical properties of rhizosphere soil at sampling sites
Note: * indicates significant correlation at P＜0.05; ** indicates significant correlation at P＜0.01.
图 6 林芝市察隅县各样点水稻根际土壤理化因子与不同酵母菌物种Pearson相关性分析
注：*：在0.05水平上显著相关；**：在0.01水平上极显著相关。
Figure 6. Pearson correlation coefficients between culturable yeast species and physiochemical properties of rhizosphere soil at sampling sites
Note: * indicates significant correlation at P＜0.05; ** indicates significant correlation at P＜0.01.
表 1 林芝市察隅县各样点水稻根际土壤可培养酵母菌种水平分布情况
Table 1. Distribution of culturable yeasts at sampling sites
种
Species1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 出现频率
Occurrence frequency相对丰度
Relative abundance拟郎比可假丝酵母 Candida pseudolambica 6 4 0.12 0.03 变容假丝酵母 Candida vartiovaarae 53 22 4 3 0.24 0.23 Cryptococcus podzolicus 10 10 11 13 8 17 7 11 14 17 7 0.65 0.36 土星形塞伯林德纳氏酵母 Cyberlindnera saturnus 12 0.06 0.03 Goffeauzyma gastrica 3 5 2 0.18 0.03 Neoascochyta exitials 13 6 0.12 0.05 Papiliotrema aspenensis 2 2 0.12 0.01 Papiliotrema laurentii 7 1 0.12 0.02 大仁红酵母 Rhodotorula dairenensis 1 2 0.12 0.01 Saitozyma podzolica 18 4 0.12 0.06 甲酚斯鲁夫酵母 Slooffia cresolica 8 0.06 0.02 Solicoccozyma aeria 1 0.06 0.00 Solicoccozyma terricola 8 26 10 1 2 1 0.35 0.14 
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