苦荞不同施氮量对干旱胁迫的响应

何佩云; 龙梦千; 冯洁; 周良; 黄小燕

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.08.004

苦荞不同施氮量对干旱胁迫的响应

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.08.004

何佩云^1,,
龙梦千¹,
冯洁¹,
周良²,
黄小燕^2, ,

1.
贵州师范大学生命科学学院，贵州　贵阳　550001
2.
贵州师范大学荞麦产业技术研究中心，贵州　贵阳　550001

基金项目: 贵州省科技支撑计划项目（黔科合支撑[2020]1Y048号），贵州省教育厅创新群体重大研究项目（黔教合KY字[2017]033），贵阳市科技计划项目（筑科合同[2019]11-6号）

详细信息

作者简介:
何佩云（1975−），女，博士，教授，从事植物生理生态的教学与研究（E-mail：peiyunh@163.com）

通讯作者:
黄小燕（1967−），女，硕士，教授，从事植物栽培生理研究（E-mail：huangxy666@126.com）

中图分类号: S 311
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-03-20
- 修回日期: 2021-06-01
- 网络出版日期: 2021-08-10
- 刊出日期: 2021-08-28

Response of Tartary Buckwheat to Nitrogen Application under Drought Stress

1.
School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou　550001, China
2.
Technological Research Center of Buckwheat Industry, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou　550001, China

摘要

摘要: 目的明确2种水分处理下不同氮肥用量对苦荞生长的影响。方法以苦荞品种‘晋荞2号’为试验材料，研究正常供水-零氮处理（0D-0N）、正常供水-低氮处理（0D-LN）、正常供水-中氮处理（0D-MN）、正常供水-高氮处理（0D-HN）、重度干旱-零氮处理（HD-N₀）、重度干旱-低氮处理（HD-N₁）、重度干旱-中氮处理（HD-N₂）以及重度干旱-高氮处理（HD-N₃）对苦荞农艺性状、根系形态和叶片抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果正常供水处理时，各生育期苦荞的农艺性状、根系形态指标和叶片的抗氧化酶活性随施氮量的增加均表现为先增加后降低，均以0D-MN处理显著高于其余3个处理（P＜0.05）；干旱胁迫时，各生育期苦荞的农艺性状、根系形态指标和叶片的抗氧化酶活性随施氮量的增加基本呈持续增加的趋势，均以HD-N₃处理显著高于其余3个处理（P＜0.05）。正常供水时苦荞的产量随施氮量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势，以中氮处理最高，是不施氮处理的2.90倍；干旱胁迫时苦荞的产量则随施氮量的增加呈持续增加的趋势，以高氮处理最高，是不施氮处理的3.29倍。结论干旱胁迫时可通过增施氮肥（172.413 kg·hm^-2）促进苦荞的生长，是不施氮处理粒重的1.76倍、产量的3.29倍，建议在生产上使用。
- 苦荞 /
- 干旱胁迫 /
- 氮肥调控 /
- 生长发育 /
- 酶活性
Abstract: Objective Effects of varied nitrogen fertilization on the growth and grain yield of Tartary buckwheat Jinqiao 2 under draught stress were studied. Method Agronomic characteristics, root morphology, and antioxidant enzyme activity of Tartary buckwheat plants under 8 treatments of varied combinations on water and nitrogen supplies were monitored. The treatments included (1) 0D-0N that provided normal water irrigation without added nitrogen fertilization, (2) 0D-LN that used a low nitrogen application with normal water supply, (3) 0D-MN that added a medium level of nitrogen under normal water supply, (4) 0D-HN that applied a high nitrogen fertilization with normal water supply, (5) HD-N0 that imposed a severe drought condition without nitrogen addition, (6) HD-N1 that used a low nitrogen application under severe drought, (7) HD-N2 that fertilized with medium level of nitrogen at severe drought condition, and (8) HD-N3 that supplied high nitrogen under severe drought. Result Agronomically, morphologically, and enzymatically, the treated Tartary buckwheat was significantly affected by the treatments. Supplied with normally required water, the plants were increasingly affected by the increased nitrogen addition to reach a significantly higher peak under 0D-MN than the other treatment before declining (P＜0.05). Under drought, on the other hand, the plant physiochemical indices rose along with increasing nitrogen to maximize by HD-N3 which was significantly higher than other treatments (P＜0.05). With normal water supply, the yield of buckwheat peaked on 0D-MN, which was 2.90 times of that without the fertilization. In contrast, under draught, the yield increased 3.29 folds with a high nitrogen application. Conclusion It appeared that nitrogen fertilization at a rate of 172.413 kg·hm⁻² under draught could not only improve the growth but also increase 1.76-fold on grain weight and 3.29-fold on production yield of Tartary buckwheat.
- Tartary buckwheat /
- drought stress /
- nitrogen fertilization /
- growth and development /
- enzymatic activity

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表 1 苦荞产量

Table 1. Yield of Tartary buckwheat

处理 Treatment	单株粒数 Grain number per plant	单株粒重 Grain weight per plant/g	百粒重 100 grain weight/g	产量 Yield/ （kg·盆⁻¹）
0D-0N	125.6 d	1.06 d	1.018 d	0.169 f
0D-LN	227.1 c	3.93 b	1.421 b	0.352 b
0D-MN	352.4 a	6.06 a	1.520 a	0.489 a
0D-HN	257.5 b	3.90 b	1.426 b	0.327 c
HD-N₀	51.8 f	0.59 f	0.716 f	0.080 h
HD-N₁	60.2 f	0.73 e	0.865 e	0.091 g
HD-N₂	69.8 f	0.82 e	0.834 e	0.175 e
HD-N₃	110.2 e	2.02 c	1.261 c	0.262 d
注：（1）表中同类同列数据后面不同小写字母表示差异显著性水平（P＜0.05）；（2）0D-0N：正常供水-零氮处理；0D-LN：正常供水-低氮处理；0D-MN：正常供水-中氮处理；0D-HN：正常供水-高氮处理；HD-N₀：重度干旱-零氮处理；HD-N₁：重度干旱-低氮处理；HD-N₂：重度干旱-中氮处理；HD-N₃：重度干旱-高氮处理。下表同。 Note:（1）different letters of following the same class and column of data in the table indicate the difference significance level（p＜0.05）.（2）0D-0N: interactive treatment between normal water supply and no nitrogen application; 0D-LN: interactive treatment between normal water supply and low nitrogen application; 0D-MN: interactive treatment between normal water supply and middle nitrogen application; 0D-HN: interactive treatment between normal water supply and high nitrogen application; HD-N₀: interaction treatment between severe drought and no nitrogen application; HD-N₁: interaction treatment between severe drought and low nitrogen application; HD-N₂: interaction treatment between severe drought and middle nitrogen application; HD-N₃: interaction treatment between severe drought and high nitrogen application. The following table is the same.

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表 2 苦荞的农艺性状

Table 2. Agronomic characteristics of Tartary buckwheat

指标 Index	处理 Treatment	时期 Period
指标 Index	处理 Treatment	苗期 Seedling period	开花期 Flowering period	灌浆期 Filling period	成熟期 Mature period
株高 Plant height/cm	0D-0N	38.3 c	38.6 d	44.1 d	53.0 b
	0D-LN	40.8 b	41.0 c	48.3 b	53.3 b
	0D-MN	43.5 a	57.6 a	63.4 a	74.4 a
	0D-HN	39.1 c	44.6 b	48.4 b	50.7 c
	HD-N₀	29.6 f	35.1 f	37.5 f	41.5 e
	HD-N₁	33.1 e	36.7 e	43.2 d	47.7 d
	HD-N₂	31.0 f	34.7 f	41.1 e	42.4 e
	HD-N₃	35.9 d	40.1 c	45.5 c	51.8 c
主茎节数 Number of main stem nodes	0D-0N	5.3 e	7.2 e	8.7 d	9.1 e
	0D-LN	6.5 ab	9.1 b	10.3 b	11.2 b
	0D-MN	6.7 a	10.6 a	12.5 a	13.4 a
	0D-HN	6.4 b	8.8 c	9.7 c	10.3 c
	HD-N₀	4.3 f	6.7 f	7.3 e	7.8 f
	HD-N₁	6.1 c	7.6 d	8.7 d	9.8 d
	HD-N₂	5.6 d	7.2 e	8.6 d	9.2 e
	HD-N₃	6.3 b	9.0 b	10.1 b	11.3 b
主茎分枝数 Number of main stem branches	0D-0N	2.1 c	3.2 e	5.1 d	4.3 c
	0D-LN	2.8 b	4.0 c	6.3 b	5.7 b
	0D-MN	3.1 a	4.4 b	7.2 a	6.9 a
	0D-HN	1.8 d	3.8 d	6.2 b	5.6 b
	HD-N₀	1.3 e	2.5 f	3.2 f	1.9 e
	HD-N₁	2.2 c	3.8 d	5.7 c	4.4 c
	HD-N₂	1.9 d	3.2 e	4.4 e	2.5 d
	HD-N₃	2.8 b	5.2 a	6.1 b	5.5 b

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表 3 苦荞的根系形态

Table 3. Morphology of Tartary buckwheat root

指标 Index	处理 Treatment	时期 Period
指标 Index	处理 Treatment	苗期 Seedling period	开花期 Flowering period	灌浆期 Filling period	成熟期 mature period
根系长度 Root length/cm	0D-0N	22.26 c	42.45 d	119.03 c	55.86 d
	0D-LN	26.96 a	71.93 b	133.16 b	78.49 b
	0D-MN	27.05 a	75.46 a	160.06 a	90.41 a
	0D-HN	24.30 b	62.30 c	120.65 c	66.73 c
	HD-N₀	9.32 g	21.45 g	64.75 f	36.67 g
	HD-N₁	16.22 e	33.60 e	78.01 e	43.19 e
	HD-N₂	13.97 f	26.42 f	76.49 e	39.31 f
	HD-N₃	17.12 d	43.79 d	92.71 d	64.33 c
根系表面积 Root surface area/ cm²	0D-0N	2.14 d	12.24 d	39.94 d	13.79 d
	0D-LN	3.38 b	18.36 b	55.17 b	23.96 b
	0D-MN	4.81 a	25.98 a	63.86 a	28.44 a
	0D-HN	2.92 c	15.23 c	44.41 c	19.72 c
	HD-N₀	1.53 f	10.05 e	15.07 h	9.69 f
	HD-N₁	1.88 e	14.64 c	21.81 f	11.09 e
	HD-N₂	1.23 g	9.28 f	18.20 g	10.14 f
	HD-N₃	1.91 e	18.41 b	25.38 e	11.54 e
根系体积 Root volume/ cm³	0D-0N	0.011 e	1.144 e	1.870 e	0.913 e
	0D-LN	0.032 bc	2.288 b	3.333 b	1.539 b
	0D-MN	0.043 a	2.860 a	4.488 a	2.026 a
	0D-HN	0.022 d	1.716 c	2.382 c	1.124 d
	HD-N₀	0.007 f	0.602 g	1.026 g	0.067 g
	HD-N₁	0.029 c	1.110 e	1.652 f	1.243 c
	HD-N₂	0.020 d	0.903 f	1.539 f	0.078 g
	HD-N₃	0.036 b	1.403 d	2.012 d	1.960 a
根系平均直径 Root average diameter/mm	0D-0N	0.382 c	0.562 e	0.438 d	0.404 d
	0D-LN	0.404 b	0.741 b	0.560 b	0.449 b
	0D-MN	0.438 a	0.876 a	0.606 a	0.540 a
	0D-HN	0.393 b	0.595 d	0.460 c	0.427 c
	HD-N₀	0.279 f	0.537 f	0.292 f	0.268 h
	HD-N₁	0.320 d	0.560 e	0.464 c	0.357 f
	HD-N₂	0.295 e	0.675 c	0.420 e	0.324 g
	HD-N₃	0.410 ab	0.689 c	0.558 b	0.389 e

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表 4 苦荞叶片的抗氧化酶活性

Table 4. Antioxidant enzyme activity on leaves of Tartary buckwheat

指标 Index	处理 Treatment	时期 Period
指标 Index	处理 Treatment	苗期 Seedling period	开花期 Flowering period	灌浆期 Filling period	成熟期 mature period
超氧化物歧化酶 Superoxide dismutase/ （U·g⁻¹）	0D-0N	205.99 f	377.62 f	229.07 h	194.79 g
	0D-LN	297.53 b	504.46 c	415.78 b	342.38 b
	0D-MN	346.18 a	661.26 a	470.43 a	421.45 a
	0D-HN	242.12 d	426.28 d	294.01 f	226.43 e
	HD-N₀	120.35 h	365.87 g	255.98 g	187.82 h
	HD-N₁	226.65 e	435.96 d	346.85 d	264.51 d
	HD-N₂	171.31 g	404.15 e	301.26 e	213.56 f
	HD-N₃	263.69 c	532.73 b	392.12 c	312.37 c
过氧化物酶 Peroxidase/ （U·g⁻¹·min⁻¹）	0D-0N	94.17 e	181.25 e	331.45 g	179.48 f
	0D-LN	168.33 b	312.50 b	555.38 b	346.88 b
	0D-MN	208.33 a	593.75 a	620.10 a	438.36 a
	0D-HN	125.83 d	239.58 c	512.33 c	286.29 c
	HD-N₀	62.50 g	104.17 g	283.65 h	114.20 g
	HD-N₁	112.43 c	235.25 c	467.88 e	212.26 e
	HD-N₂	82.92 f	134.58 f	398.11 f	186.66 f
	HD-N₃	121.67 c	218.75 d	500.14 d	261.19 d
过氧化氢酶 Catalase/ （U·g⁻¹·min⁻¹）	0D-0N	66.12 f	83.32 g	125.21 e	104.41 f
	0D-LN	96.30 b	146.63 c	190.06 c	156.62 c
	0D-MN	116.64 a	183.27 a	210.35 b	191.01 a
	0D-HN	81.49 d	102.74 e	159.68 d	125.80 e
	HD-N₀	53.33 g	81.25 g	153.50 d	86.64 g
	HD-N₁	86.17 c	132.14 d	211.35 b	133.24 d
	HD-N₂	76.21 e	93.30 f	206.67 b	101.91 f
	HD-N₃	100.36 b	162.18 b	283.82 a	176.65 b

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