福建省水稻地方品种表型性状遗传多样性分析

朱业宝; 陈立喆; 张丹; 王金英; 江川

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.10.001

福建省水稻地方品种表型性状遗传多样性分析

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.10.001

朱业宝^1,,
陈立喆^{1, 2},
张丹¹,
王金英^1, ,,
江川^1, ,

1.
福建省农业科学院水稻研究所，福建　福州　350018
2.
福建农林大学农学院，福建　福州　350002

基金项目: 福建省科技计划公益类专项（2020R1023001）；福建省科技重大专项（2020NZ08016）；福建省重点农业县农作物种质资源的调查收集及其评价与应用项目（A2017-8）；农业农村部物种品种资源保护费项目（111821301354052031）；农业高质量发展超越“5511”协同创新工程项目（KXXYJBG0021）

详细信息

作者简介:
朱业宝（1987−），男，硕士，助理研究员，研究方向：水稻种质资源与遗传育种（E-mail：ahzhyb08@163.com）

通讯作者:
王金英（1966−），女，博士，研究员，研究方向：水稻种质资源（E-mail：wjy2233@126.com）

江川（1968−），女，硕士，研究员，研究方向：水稻种质资源（E-mail：yenwenchun@yeah.net）

中图分类号: S 511
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-07-09
- 修回日期: 2021-08-20
- 网络出版日期: 2021-10-23
- 刊出日期: 2021-10-28

Genetic Diversity on Phenotypic Traits of Rice Landraces in Fujian

ZHU Yebao^1
,,
CHEN Lizhe^{1, 2},
ZHANG Dan¹,
WANG Jinying^{1
, ,},
JIANG Chuan^{1
, ,}

1.
Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian　350018, China
2.
College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China

摘要

摘要: 目的通过对福建省水稻地方品种进行表型性状遗传多样性分析，为福建省水稻地方品种资源的有效保护和高效利用提供科学依据。方法以1 040份福建省水稻地方品种为材料，开展24个表型性状遗传多样性及其相关性分析。24个表型性状中，按丁颖栽培稻分类体系分为亚种类型、光温性、水旱性、黏糯性等4个性状类型，质量性状分为芒型、颖尖色、颖色、叶色、叶鞘色、节间色、茎集散、倒伏性、种皮色等9个性状类型，数量性状分为全生育期、株高、有效穗数、剑叶长、剑叶宽、穗长、穗粒数、结实率、千粒重、谷粒长、谷粒宽等11个性状类型。结果在栽培稻分类体系中，福建省水稻地方品种以籼稻、晚稻、黏稻为主要类型，没有旱稻类型；在质量性状中，大多数福建省水稻地方品种表现无芒、颖尖秆黄色、颖色秆黄色、叶色浓绿色、叶鞘和节间皆绿色、易倒伏、种皮白色；9个质量性状的遗传多样性指数变幅为0.216～1.252，倒伏性的遗传多样性指数最高；在数量性状中，11个数量性状均存在不同程度的变异，变异系数变幅为7.55%～30.89%，其中9个性状的变异系数大于10%，有效穗数的变异系数最大；遗传多样性指数变幅为1.947～2.092，谷粒长的遗传多样性指数最高。质量性状遗传多样性指数均小于数量性状的遗传多样性指数。福建省9个设区市水稻地方品种的11个数量性状多样性指数平均值在1.815～2.028，漳州最大、厦门最小。相关性分析结果表明，穗粒数与全生育期、剑叶长、剑叶宽和穗长呈极显著正相关，千粒重与谷粒长和谷粒宽呈极显著正相关。结论福建省水稻地方品种的表型性状存在丰富的变异，地区间遗传多样性也存在差异，这些种质资源在水稻育种与基因发掘中可作为重要基础材料利用。
- 水稻 /
- 地方品种 /
- 表型 /
- 多样性 /
- 福建省
Abstract: Objective Genetic diversity on phenotypic traits of rice landraces in Fujian was analyzed for effective germplasm protection and utilization. Method The genetic diversity and correlation of 24 phenotypic traits on 1 040 rice landraces in Fujian were analyzed and categorized based upon the taxonomy, qualitative indicators, and quantifiable properties of the varieties. Result Four of the phenotypic traits were classified according to taxonomic characteristics like sub-species and types of photo-temperature, lowland and upland, or glutinous and nonglutinous; 9 based on the qualitative indices, such as awn, culm-grouping, lodging-prone, and colors of apiculus, glume, leaf blade, leaf sheath, internode, or seedcoat; and 11 followed by the quantitative measurements including growth duration, plant height, panicle count, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, panicle length, spikelets per panicle, seed setting rate, 1 000-grain weight, grain length, and grain width. The Dingying varieties of rice cultivated in the province were indica, late, and nonglutinous according to the taxonomic classification but none of the upland type. Regarding the qualitative characteristics, most of the landraces were awn-free, susceptible to lodging, and had yellow apiculi and glumes, dark green leaves, green leaf sheaths and internodes, and white seedcoat. The genetic diversity indices on the 9 traits ranged from 0.216 to 1.252 with that of lodging susceptibility being the greatest. On the 11 quantifiable traits, the variation coefficients spread widely from 7.55% to 30.89%. Of them, 9 showed a coefficient more than 10% with that of panicle count being the highest. And the genetic diversity indices on the class were 1.947–2.092, which was considerably higher than those of the qualitative traits. The index on grain length was the highest. In 9 municipalities in Fujian, the average genetic diversity indices on the 11 quantitative measurements ranged from 1.815 to 2.028, and Zhangzhou had the highest and Xiamen the lowest index. Panicle count of a rice plant was found to significantly correlate with growth duration, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, and panicle length, while 1 000-grain weight positively correlate with length and width of a grain. Conclusion The abundant variations on the genetic makeups relating to phenotypic characteristics of Fujian rice landraces provided a rich and important resource for breeding new varieties.
- rice /
- landraces /
- phenotype /
- diversity /
- Fujian province

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图 1 20个表型性状的遗传多样性指数

注：（1）质量性状中，AT：芒型，AC：颖尖色，GP：颖色，LBC：叶色，CLS：叶鞘色，IC：节间色，CUC：茎集散，LD：倒伏性，SC：种皮色；（2）数量性状中，PH：株高，NP：有效穗数，GD：全生育期，FLL：剑叶长，FLW：剑叶宽，PL：穗长，SPP：穗粒数，SSR:结实率，TGW:千粒重，GL：谷粒长，GW：谷粒宽。

Figure 1. Genetic diversity indices of 20 phenotypic traits

Note: (1) qualitative traits: AT: qwn type; AC: qpiculus color; GC: glume color; LBC: leaf blade color; CLS: color of leaf sheath; IC: internode color; CUC: culm-grouping; LD: lodging-prone; SC: seedcoat color. (2) Quantitative traits: PH: plant high; NP: panicle count; GD: growth duration; FLL: flag leaf length; FLW: flag leaf width; PL: panicle length; SPP: spikelets per panicle; SSR: seed setting rate; TGW: 1 000-grain weight; GL: grain length; GW: grain width.

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表 1 供试材料的来源及数量

Table 1. Source and quantity of germplasms

设区市 Municipality	份数 Accessions	设区市 Municipality	份数 Accessions	设区市 Municipality	份数 Accessions
福州 Fuzhou	55	漳州 Zhangzhou	87	三明 Sanming	189
莆田 Putian	18	厦门 Xiamen	16	宁德 Ningde	103
泉州 Quanzhou	119	龙岩 Longyan	162	南平 Nanping	291

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表 2 福建省水稻地方品种11个数量性状的遗传变异性

Table 2. Genetic variations on 11 quantifiable traits of rice landraces in Fujian

性状 Traits	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD	极大值 Max	极小值 Min	极差 Range	变异系数 CV/%
PH/cm	130.29±14.44	186.00	66.00	120.00	11.09
NP	11.88±3.67	28.40	2.60	25.80	30.89
GD/d	145.34±10.97	183.00	115.00	68.00	7.55
FLL/cm	33.32±5.22	58.80	18.20	40.60	15.68
FLW/cm	1.41±0.24	2.56	0.74	1.82	17.03
PL/cm	22.17±2.22	30.30	15.20	15.10	10.04
SPP	103.03±30.39	225.00	18.80	206.20	29.50
SSR/%	79.64±10.55	98.90	19.80	79.10	13.25
TGW/g	23.98±3.04	35.10	11.40	30.10	12.70
GL/mm	8.13±0.62	10.10	6.50	3.60	7.71
GW/mm	3.09±0.26	4.00	2.00	2.00	8.55
注：PH，株高；NP，每株有效穗数；GD，全生育期；FLL，剑叶长；FLW，剑叶宽；PL，穗长；SPP，穗粒数；SSR，结实率；TGW，千粒重；GL，谷粒长；GW，谷粒宽。 Note：PH: plant high, NP: No. of panicle, GD:growth duration, FLL: flag leaf length, FLW: flag leaf width, PL: panicle length, SPP: spikelets per panicle, SSR: seed setting rate, TGW: 1 000-grain weight, GL:grain length, GW:grain width.

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表 3 9个设区市水稻地方品种的11个数量性状遗传多样性指数比较

Table 3. Average genetic diversity indices on 11 quantifiable traits of rice landraces at 9 municipalities

设区市 Municipality	株高 PH	有效穗数 NP	全生育期 GD	剑叶长度 FLL	剑叶宽度 FLW	穗长 PL	穗粒数 SPP	结实率 SSR	千粒重 TGW	谷粒长度 GL	谷粒宽度 GW	平均值 Mean
福州市 Fuzhou	1.995	2.028	1.932	2.076	1.882	2.025	2.000	1.893	1.988	2.003	1.981	1.982
龙岩市 Longyan	2.066	2.031	1.984	2.039	2.013	2.014	1.965	2.024	2.000	2.069	1.821	2.002
南平市 Nanping	1.951	2.007	1.959	1.998	2.041	2.058	1.925	1.896	2.030	2.080	1.994	1.994
宁德市 Ningde	1.994	2.054	2.027	2.002	2.028	2.008	2.004	1.896	2.021	2.070	1.959	2.006
莆田市 Putian	1.831	1.985	1.692	2.004	1.826	1.754	1.817	1.688	1.875	1.875	1.879	1.839
泉州市 Quanzhou	2.030	2.042	2.030	2.100	1.998	2.081	1.987	2.000	1.913	2.012	1.981	2.016
三明市 Sanming	2.018	2.017	2.010	2.030	2.021	2.040	1.991	1.884	1.990	2.098	1.950	2.004
厦门市 Xiamen	1.890	1.890	1.927	1.960	1.923	1.652	1.841	1.629	1.960	1.721	1.575	1.815
漳州市 Zhangzhou	2.021	1.988	1.969	2.046	2.084	2.112	2.011	1.991	2.032	2.080	1.977	2.028

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表 4 福建省地方品种11个数量性状相关性分析

Table 4. Correlations among 11 quantifiable traits of rice landraces in Fujian

性状 Traits	株高 PH	有效穗数 NP	全生育期 GD	剑叶长 FLL	剑叶宽 FLW	穗长 PL	穗粒数 SPP	结实率 SSR	千粒重 TGW	谷粒长 GL	谷粒宽 GW
株高 PH	1.000
有效穗数 NP	−0.009	1.000
全生育期 GD	0.083**	0.151**	1.000
剑叶长度 FLL	0.272**	0.102**	0.157**	1.000
剑叶宽度 FLW	0.102**	−0.237	0.301**	0.123**	1.000
穗长 PL	0.402**	−0.012	0.117**	0.348**	0.124**	1.000
穗粒数 SPP	0.281**	−0.091	0.337**	0.316**	0.349**	0.488**	1.000
结实率 SSR	0.042	0.094**	−0.096	−0.094	−0.113	−0.040	−0.080	1.000
千粒重 TGW	−0.096	0.010	−0.010	0.006	0.009	0.155**	−0.180	0.064*	1.000
谷粒长度 GL	−0.058	0.291**	−0.044	0.091**	−0.215	0.159**	−0.227	0.075*	0.428**	1.000
谷粒宽度 GW	0.043	−0.099**	0.089**	0.078*	0.200**	0.127**	0.077*	−0.045	0.377**	−0.013	1.000
注：表示差异达到显著水平（P＜0.05），表示差异达到极显著水平（P＜0.01）。 Note: means differences reached 5% very significant level, ** means differences reached 1% very significant level.

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