Effects of Tannic Acid Supplement on Growth, Slaughter Performance, and Gut Microbiota of Broilers
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摘要:
目的 旨在探讨饲粮中添加单宁酸对白羽肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和肠道微生物菌群组成的影响。 方法 将384只1日龄健康、体重相近的白羽肉鸡，随机分成4组，每组12个重复，每个重复8只。空白对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加100、150和200 mg·kg−1的单宁酸，试验期为42 d。 结果 （1）饲粮中添加TA呈现提高肉鸡体重的趋势（P＜0.05），添加200 mg·kg−1的TA可显著提高肉鸡的日采食量（P＜0.05），且呈现降低料肉比的趋势（P＞0.05）。（2）各组间屠宰重、屠宰率、全净膛率和胸肌率差异均不显著（P＞0.05）；与对照组相比，添加150 mg·kg−1的单宁酸可显著提高腿肌率（P＜0.05）。（3）基础饲粮中添加单宁酸对肉鸡的肠道菌群的Alpha多样性无显著影响（P＞0.05），添加200 mg·kg−1的单宁酸可显著提高肠道中乳酸杆菌属的相对丰度（P＜0.05）。 结论 基础饲粮中添加单宁酸可提高肉鸡的生长性能和腿肌率，增加肠道中有益菌乳酸杆菌属的数量。 Abstract:Objective Effects of tannic acid (TA) supplementation in diet on the growth, slaughter performance, and gut microbiota of broilers were studied. Method A total of 384 one-day-old healthy broilers with similar body weight were randomly divided into 4 groups with 12 replicates per group and 8 broilers per replicate. The birds were given either a control diet free of TA or diets containing 100, 150, or 200 mg·kg−1 of TA for 42 d prior to slaughtering and testing. Result (1) The TA supplementation tended to increase the broiler weight (P＜0.05). The inclusion of 200 mg·kg−1 of TA in forage significantly increased the average daily feed intake of the broilers over control (P＜0.05). The feed/weight gain ratios decreased as the supplement increased on the 4 treatment groups (P＞0.05). (2) No significant effects of the TA supplementation were found on the dressing weight and the rate of dressing, evisceration, or breast muscle of the slaughtered broilers (P＞0.05). However, the presence of 150 mg·kg−1of TA in diet significantly increased the muscle yield (P＜0.05). (3) TA exerted no significant effect on the α diversity of gut microbiota (P＞0.05), but a 200 mg·kg−1 supplementation significantly increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the intestines of the broilers. Conclusion The dietary TA supplement improved the growth, proportionally increased the leg muscle, and boosted the population of beneficial enteric Lactobacillus of the broilers. -
Key words:
- Tannic acid /
- broilers /
- growth /
- slaughter performance /
- gut microbiota
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图 1 肉鸡肠道菌群结构在门分类水平上的组成
注：A、B、C、D代表分别在基础饲粮中添加0（对照组）、100、150和200 mg·kg-1TA的剂量，下图同。
Figure 1. Composition of enteric microbiota in broilers at phylum level
Note: A, B, C, and D represent groups supplemented with 0 (control), 100, 150, and 200 mg·kg−1 TA in basal diet, respectively. The same as below.
图 2 肉鸡肠道菌群结构在科分类水平上的组成
Figure 2. Composition of enteric microbiota in broilers at family level
图 3 肉鸡肠道菌群结构在属分类水平上的组成
Figure 3. Composition of enteric microbiota in broilers at genus level
图 4 LEfSe分析差异物种
注：圆圈由里到外表示物种分类水平由门到属，差异物种用彩色圆圈和扇形表示，每个圆圈的直径与该物种的相对丰度成比例，黄色圆圈表示差异不显著。
Figure 4. LEfSe analysis on different microbes
Note: Concentric circles represent phylum (inside) to genus (outside). Biomarker taxa are shown with colored circles and shaded areas. Diameter of a circle is proportional to relative abundance of that taxa in a community. Yellow circle indicates no significance.
表 1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平（风干基础）
Table 1. Composition and nutrient levels of basal diet used in trial (on air-dry basis)
% 原料
Ingredients含量
Content1～3周
1–3 weeks4～6周
4–6 weeks玉米 Corn 52.00 58.00 豆粕 Soybean meal 34.70 27.30 膨化大豆 Extruded soybean 3.00 3.00 国产鱼粉 Domestic fish meal 2.00 1.50 豆油 Soybean oil 4.00 6.00 石粉 Limestone 1.21 1.21 磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 1.53 1.43 DL-蛋氨酸 DL-Met 0.26 0.26 预混料 Premix1） 1.00 1.00 氯化钠 NaCl 0.30 0.30 合计 Total 100.00 100.00 营养水平 Nutrient levels 2） 代谢能 ME/（MJ·kg−1） 12.46 13.23 粗蛋白 CP 22.14 19.17 钙 Ca 1.05 0.98 有效磷 AP 0.51 0.44 赖氨酸 Lys 1.16 0.97 蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸 Met + Cys 1.08 0.99 注：① 预混料为每千克饲粮提供：VA 9500 IU，VD 3 000 IU，VE 22.5 mg，VK 3.0 mg，VB1 3.0 mg，VB2 7.5 mg，VB6 3.0 mg，VB12 0.22 mg，泛酸钙 15.0 mg，烟酸 30.0 mg，叶酸 1.5 mg，生物素 0.12 mg，胆碱 400 mg，碘 0.40 mg。② 营养水平均为计算值。
Note: ① The premix provided the following per kg of the diet: VA 9500 IU，VD 3 000 IU，VE 22.5 mg，VK 3.0 mg，VB1 3.0 mg，VB2 7.5 mg，VB6 3.0 mg，VB12 0.22 mg，calcium pantothenate 15.0 mg，nicotinic acid 30.0 mg，folic acid 1.5 mg，biotin 0.12 mg，chloride 400 mg，I 0.40 mg. ② Nutrient levels were calculated.
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表 2 TA对白羽肉鸡生长性能的影响
Table 2. Effect of feeding TA-containing diets on growth of broilers
项目
Items0（CK） 100 mg·kg−1 TA 150 mg·kg−1 TA 200 mg·kg−1 TA P值
P value初重 IBM/g 47.00±0.47 47.78±1.26 48.00±1.15 46.89±0.51 0.125 末重 FBM/g 2303.41±248.95 c 2327.67±255.48 ab 2343.07±261.72 ab 2476.67±230.78 a 0.031 1～3周 1–3 weeks 日采食量 ADFI/g 36.09±2.49 37.00±2.66 36.99±3.47 38.47±2.38 0.149 日增重 ADG/g 41.91±1.18 41.41±3.72 40.95±2.16 42.75±2.25 0.216 料重比 F/G 1.16±0.17 1.12±0.12 1.11±0.24 1.11±0.16 0.067 4～6周 4–6 weeks ADFI 73.59±4.96 b 73.84±3.34 b 74.58±5.26 ab 79.51±4.15 a 0.021 ADG 118.10±6.15 115.65±3.55 115.69±6.13 118.47±4.87 0.061 F/G 1.60±0.25 a 1.57±0.18 ab 1.55±0.14 ab 1.49±0.22 b 0.046 1～6周 1–6 weeks ADFI 53.72±2.76 b 54.28±2.31 b 54.64±2.52 b 57.85±3.19 a 0.016 ADG 78.44±1.95 77.62±2.33 76.50±3.83 79.26±2.71 0.379 F/G 1.46±0.21 1.43±0.14 1.40±0.11 1.37±0.16 0.631 注：同行数据后的不同小写字母表示差异显著（P＜0.05），相同或无字母表示差异不显著（P＞0.05）。下表同。
Note: Within a row, values with different small letters indicate significantly different between dietary treatments (P＜0.05), while with the same letter or no letter means no significant difference (P＞0.05). The same as below.
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表 3 TA对肉鸡屠宰性能的影响
Table 3. Effect of dietary TA supplement on slaughter performance of broilers
项目
Items0（CK） 100 mg·kg−1 TA 150 mg·kg−1 TA 200 mg·kg−1 TA P值
P value屠宰重 Dressing weight/g 2190.67±87.46 2287.33±59.68 2322±85.84 2556.67±80.05 0.761 屠宰率 Dressing rate/% 94.9±1.66 93.55±0.72 93.47±1.07 94.61±1.08 0.218 全净膛率 All eviscerated rate/% 81.97±4.66 78.5±1.26 77.16±1.97 80.01±0.77 0.126 胸肌率 Breast muscle rate/% 27.08±3.45 27.95±3.97 24.98±1.85 28.32±2.34 0.433 腿肌率 Leg muscle rate/% 12.06±0.48 b 12.36±0.78 b 13.43±1.03 a 12.56±0.98 b 0.037
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表 4 TA对肉鸡肠道微生物Alpha多样性指数的影响
Table 4. Effect of dietary TA supplement on α diversity of enteric microbiota in broilers
项目
Items0（CK） 100 mg·kg−1 TA 150 mg·kg−1 TA 200 mg·kg−1 TA P值
P valueACE指数 ACE index 259.88±13.25 251.53±17.97 265.62±14.03 259.42±16.98 0.634 Chao 1指数 Chao 1 index 261.70±11.70 257.64±18.58 270.01±15.19 257.58±17.08 0.494 Shannon指数 Shannon index 2.44±0.05 2.61±0.43 2.57±0.19 2.39±0.39 0.332 Simpson指数 Simpson index 0.26±0.05 0.23±0.05 0.21±0.03 0.25±0.06 0.235 覆盖度指数 Coverage index 0.999 0.999 0.999 0.999 0.270
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