镁营养对西瓜叶绿素荧光特性及生理代谢的影响

尤垂淮; 林丽琳; 陈晟; 吴宇芬; 赵依杰; 柯彦; 林新萍; 施木田

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.11.007

镁营养对西瓜叶绿素荧光特性及生理代谢的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.11.007

尤垂淮^{1, 2,},
林丽琳¹,
陈晟³,
吴宇芬³,
赵依杰⁴,
柯彦¹,
林新萍⁵,
施木田^1, ,

1.
福建农林大学园艺学院　福州　350002
2.
福建农林大学生命科学学院　福州　350002
3.
福建省农业科学院农业生物资源研究所　福州　350003
4.
福州市农业科学研究所　福州　350019
5.
漳州城市职业学院漳州　363000

基金项目: 福建农林大学科技创新专项基金项目（CXZX2016105）

详细信息

作者简介:
尤垂淮（1985−），男，博士，研究方向：主要从事植物生理生态与栽培理论技术等研究工作（E-mail：you123chui@163.com）

通讯作者:
施木田（1965−），男，教授，研究方向：主要从事西瓜甜瓜育种与栽培等研究工作（E-mail：shimutian@126.com）

中图分类号: S 651
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-07-19
- 修回日期: 2021-08-12
- 网络出版日期: 2021-12-30
- 刊出日期: 2021-11-28

Effects of Magnesium on Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Metabolism of Citrullus lanatus

YOU Chuihuai^{1, 2
,},
LIN Lilin¹,
CHEN Sheng³,
WU Yufen³,
ZHAO Yijie⁴,
KE Yan¹,
LIN Xinping⁵,
SHI Mutian^{1
, ,}

1.
College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 　350002, China
2.
College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 　350002, China
3.
Agricultural Bio-resources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujizn 　350003, China
4.
Fuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 　350019, China
5.
Zhangzhou City University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 　363000, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨镁营养对西瓜（Citrullus lanatus）生长发育和生理代谢的影响，明确西瓜生长的适宜镁浓度范围。方法采用砂培法，对西瓜进行5个施镁质量浓度（0 、24 、48、96 和192 mg·L⁻¹）处理，并测定西瓜在不同施镁浓度下的生长特性（叶片和根系形态、生物量积累）、果实品质（维生素C、可溶性固形物、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量）、叶绿素荧光特性和生理响应（渗透调节、膜伤害和抗氧化酶系统）。结果用24 ～96 mg·L⁻¹的镁素可以降低西瓜叶片膜伤害，提高光系统Ⅱ（PSII）活性，增加叶片抗氧化物质谷胱甘肽（glutathione， GSH）和还原型抗坏血酸（reduced ascorbic acid， AsA）含量，增强叶片抗氧化酶活性，包括过氧化物酶（peroxidase， POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase， SOD）、过氧化氢酶（catalase， CAT）和单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶（monodehydroascorbate reductase， DHAR），降低叶片丙二醛（malondialdehyde， MDA）和脯氨酸（proline， Pro）含量以及细胞膜透性，促进AsA-GSH循环，增强光合作用，提高生物量积累，增加果实中维生素C、可溶性固形物、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量。其中，48 mg·L⁻¹镁处理对西瓜的生长发育增效最明显，而缺镁（0 mg·L⁻¹）和镁过量（192 mg·L⁻¹）胁迫下，西瓜叶片产生膜脂过氧化伤害，根系变短，叶绿素荧光参数放氧复合体（OEC）、电子传递量子产额（φ_Eo）、受体库容量（Sm）和单位面积反应中心数量（RC/CSo）降低，单位反应中心光能的吸收（ABS/RC）、耗散（DI0/RC）、捕获（TR0/RC）及Q_A还原速率（Mo）增加，叶片光合机构完整性被破坏，光合作用减弱，西瓜生长受到明显抑制，其中缺镁影响最严重。结论缺镁和镁过量处理降低西瓜PSII活性，抑制西瓜生长，而适量增施镁可有效提高西瓜的生理活性，PSII的结构和功能稳定，光合作用强，西瓜生长好，果实品质高，48 mg·L⁻¹为西瓜栽培最适宜施镁质量浓度。
- 西瓜 /
- 镁 /
- 生理生化指标 /
- 响应机理 /
- 叶绿素荧光
Abstract: Objective Effects of magnesium on the growth, development, and metabolism of Citrullus lanatus were studied to determine the appropriate nutrient supply for the melon cultivation. Method At the concentrations of 0, 24, 48, 96, and 192 mg·L⁻¹ on magnesium in sand culture, the growth characteristics (i.e., leaf and root morphology, chlorophyll fluorescence, and biomass accumulation), fruit quality (i.e., vitamin C, soluble solids, soluble protein, and soluble sugar), and physiological responses (i.e., osmoregulation, membrane damage, and antioxidases) of various C. lanatus varieties were compared. Result In the range of 24-96 mg·L⁻¹, the application of magnesium reduced the vulnerability of leaf membrane to damages, increased the contents of antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AsA) as well as the activities of photosystemⅡ (PSII), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and monodehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), while decreased the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline (Pro), and reduced the cell membrane permeability of the leaves. The addition also promoted the AsA-GSH cycle, photosynthesis, and the biomass accumulations on vitamin C, soluble solids, soluble protein, and soluble sugar. Among the treatments, the 48 mg·L⁻¹ magnesium addition in the culture substrate rendered the most significant improvements on the growth and development of C. lanatus. Whereas, either a deficiency (at 0 mg·L⁻¹) or an excess (e.g., at 192 mg·L⁻¹) on the nutrient ill-affected the membrane lipid peroxidation and shortened the plant roots. Furthermore, the chlorophyll fluorescence declined as indicated by the lower oxygen evolution complex (OEC), quantum yield for electron transport (φ_Eo), and receptor library capacity (Sm), the density of reaction centers (RC/CSo) decreased, the light energy absorption per unit reaction center (ABS/RC) lowered, and the dissipative (DI0/RC), capture (TR0/RC), and Q_A reduction rate (Mo) increased. Thus, either deprivation or over-supply of magnesium could significantly disrupt the normal photosynthetic function inhibiting the growth of C. lanatus. Conclusion Particularly in deficiency, but also in excess, magnesium in soil could diminish the PSII activity and retard the growth of C. lanatus. Appropriate application of the nutrient, such as at 48 mg·L⁻¹ concentration in soil, could effectively improve the physiological activity, stabilize the structure and function of PSII, strengthen the leaf photosynthesis to result in healthy growth and high quality fruit production of C. lanatus.
- Citrullus lanatus /
- magnesium /
- physiological and biochemical characteristics /
- response mechanism /
- chlorophyll fluorescence

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图 1 不同施镁量对西瓜不同生育期叶片形态的影响

注：A1和A2分别表示盛花期和膨瓜期。

Figure 1. Effects of different magnesium application on leaf morphology of varied genotypes of C. lanatus at different growth stages

Note: A1means full bloom period; A2 means melon expansion stage.

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图 2 不同施镁量对西瓜不同生育期叶片1/F_O-1/F_M和OEC比例的影响

Figure 2. Effects of different magnesium application on leaf 1/F_O-1/F_M and OEC proportion of C. lanatus at different growth stages

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图 3 不同施镁量对西瓜不同生育期叶片ABS/RC、TR₀/RC、DI₀/RC和ET₀/RC的影响

Figure 3. Effects of different magnesium application on leaf ABS/RC, TR₀/RC, DI₀/RC, and ET₀/RC of C. lanatus at different growth stages

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图 4 不同施镁量对西瓜不同生育期叶片MDA和Pro含量以及细胞膜透性的影响

Figure 4. Effects of different magnesium application on MDA and Pro contents and membrane permeability of C. lanatus at different growth stages

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图 5 不同施镁量对西瓜不同生育期叶片SOD、POD和CAT活性的影响

Figure 5. Effects of different magnesium application on SOD, POD, and CAT activities of C. lanatus at different growth stages

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图 6 不同施镁量对西瓜不同生育期叶片APX、MDAR、GR和DHAR活性的影响

Figure 6. Effects of different magnesium application on APX, MDAR, GR, and DHAR activities of C. lanatus at different growth stages

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图 7 不同施镁量对西瓜不同生育期叶片GSH和GSSG含量以及GSH/GSSG的影响

Figure 7. Effects of different magnesium application on GSH and GSSG contents and GSH/GSSG of C. lanatus at different growth stages

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图 8 不同施镁量对西瓜不同生育期叶片AsA和DAsA含量以及AsA/DAsA的影响

Figure 8. Effects of different magnesium application on AsA and DAsA contents and AsA/DAsA of C. lanatus at different growth stages

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表 1 营养液配方

Table 1. Formulation of nutrient solution

化合物 Compound	化合物含量 Compound content/ （mg·L⁻¹）	各元素总含量 Content of element/ (mg·L⁻¹)
Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O	1000	Ca:169.70
KNO₃	500	N:187.80
KH₂PO₄	250	K:337.00
K₂SO₄	160	P:56.90
C₁₀H₁₂FeN₂NaO₈·3H₂O	21	Fe:2.80
MnSO₄·4H₂O	2.02	Mn:0.50
H₃BO₃	2.86	B:0.50
ZnSO₄·7H₂O	0.22	Zn:0.05
CuSO₄·5H₂O	0.08	Cu:0.02
(NH₄)₆Mo₇O₂₄·4H₂O	0.02	Mo:0.01

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表 2 不同施镁量对西瓜生长发育的影响

Table 2. Effect of different magnesium application on growth and development of C. lanatus

Mg的质量浓度 Mg mass concentration/（mg·L⁻¹）	株高 Plant height/cm	根长 Root length/cm	根系体积 Root volume/cm³	地上部干重 Plant dry weight/g	根干重 Root dry weight/g	生物量 Biological yield/g
0	172.07±2.80 Dd	70.47±1.72 Dd	9.67±0.58 Dd	19.33±0.58 De	1.22±0.16 Dd	20.55±0.60 Ee
24	188.87±1.39 CDd	72.97±0.81 Dd	14.33±0.58 BCbc	23.00±1.73 Dd	1.87±0.27 Cc	24.87±1.68 Dd
48	272.30±14.48 Aa	116.13±5.01 Aa	20.67±2.08 Aa	43.93±2.08 Aa	4.73±0.32 Aa	48.66±2.23 Aa
96	244.67±10.52 Bb	92.43±4.19 Bb	15.67±0.58 Bb	36.83±1.61 Bb	2.78±0.19 Bb	39.61±1.43 Bb
192	215.17±15.45 Cc	84.20±1.08 Cc	12.33±1.15 CDc	30.80±0.26 Cc	2.49±0.16 Bb	33.29±1.42 Cc
注：*邓肯氏新复极差测验，大写字母和小写字母不同者分别表示极显著差异（P＜0.01）和显著差异（P＜0.05）。下同。 Note: In Duncan’s new multiple range test, data with different capital and lowercase letters indicate a highly significant difference (P＜0.01) and a significant difference (P＜0.05), respectively. Same for the following.

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表 3 不同施镁量对西瓜果实品质的影响

Table 3. Effect of different magnesium application on fruit quality of C. lanatus

Mg的质量浓度 Mg mass concentration/（mg·L⁻¹）	中心可溶性固形物 Central soluble solid/%	边缘可溶性固形物 Marginal soluble solid/%	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar/（mg·g⁻¹）	可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein/（mg·g⁻¹）	维生素C Vitamin C/（mg·g⁻¹）
0	9.04±0.37 Cd	6.25±0.24 Cc	42.24±0.19 Ee	13.82±0.17 Ee	21.37±0.21 Ee
24	9.37±0.27 Cd	6.49±0.22 Cc	43.19±0.21 Dd	17.57±0.34 Dd	25.89±0.23 Dd
48	12.65±0.27 Aa	8.92±0.16 Aa	56.68±0.22 Aa	24.36±0.20 Aa	32.56±0.24 Aa
96	11.94±0.21 ABb	8.25±0.20 Bb	50.55±0.35 Bb	21.31±0.21 Bb	31.97±0.07 Bb
192	11.08±0.62 Bc	8.15±0.11 Bb	48.96±0.26 Cc	19.28±0.14 Cc	30.45±0.31 Cc

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表 4 不同施镁量对西瓜不同生长期叶片PSⅡ反应中心数量和闭合程度的影响

Table 4. Effects of different magnesium application on PSⅡ RC/CS₀ and closed extent of varied genotypes of C. lanatus

Mg的质量浓度 Mg mass concentration/（mg·L⁻¹）	伸蔓期 Stretch tendril stage		盛花期 Full-bloom stage		膨瓜期 Growth stage
Mg的质量浓度 Mg mass concentration/（mg·L⁻¹）	RC/CS₀	V_J	RC/CS₀	V_J	RC/CS₀	V_J
0	285.92±7.62 Dc	0.54±0.05 Aa	252.40±6.27 Cc	0.68±0.01 Aa	235.68±5.95 Dd	0.72±0.05 Aa
24	302.51±4.04 Cb	0.45±0.02 Ca	289.56±4.12 Bb	0.55±0.04 Bb	269.72±5.81 Cc	0.63±0.03 Aab
48	357.26±8.38 Aa	0.23±0.01 Da	348.41±5.11 Aa	0.25±0.01 Cc	334.29±3.91 Aa	0.32±0.03 Cc
96	314.71±4.54 Bb	0.46±0.05 BCb	289.80±2.43 Bb	0.48±0.05 Bb	285.71±4.10 Bb	0.53±0.05 Bb
192	304.23±3.95 BCb	0.52±0.03 ABa	287.04±5.05 Bb	0.54±0.07 Bb	273.25±6.18 Cbc	0.65±0.08 Aab

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表 5 不同施镁量对西瓜不同生育期叶片M₀、Sm、Area、Ψ₀和φ_Eo的影响

Table 5. Effects of different magnesium application on leaf M₀, Sm, Area, Ψ₀, and φ_Eo of C. lanatus at different growth stages

时期 Time	Mg的质量浓度 Mg mass concentration/（mg·L⁻¹）	M₀	S_m	Area（×100）	Ψ₀	φ_Eo
伸蔓期 Stretch tendril stage	0	0.94±0.06 Aa	17.32±1.11 Dc	226.67±17.93 Bb	0.29±0.05 Cb	0.23±0.02 Cc
	24	0.71±0.04 Bb	24.10±2.05 Cb	232.00±11.14 Bb	0.36±0.02 Bb	0.33±0.03 Bb
	48	0.52±0.01 Dc	33.12±1.41 Aa	276.00±11.14 Aa	0.66±0.01 Aa	0.53±0.03 Aa
	96	0.53±0.05 CDc	31.34±1.40 ABa	261.33±12.22 Aab	0.63±0.03 Aa	0.51±0.03 Aa
	192	0.60±0.03 Cc	29.96±1.45 Ba	255.33±21.39 ABab	0.62±0.03 Aa	0.49±0.05 Aa
盛花期 Full-bloom stage	0	1.02±0.02 Aa	14.62±1.69 Dd	259.33±31.77 Dc	0.22±0.03 Bb	0.18±0.02 Dd
	24	0.80±0.04 Bb	22.47±1.03 Cc	384.67±12.06 Cb	0.28±0.05 Bb	0.27±0.03 Cc
	48	0.55±0.02 Dd	32.61±1.19 Aa	502.00±12.00 Aa	0.67±0.03 Aa	0.53±0.01 Aa
	96	0.65±0.05Cc	32.77±0.78Aa	482.67±16.17ABa	0.63±0.07Aa	0.51±0.01Bab
	192	0.67±0.03 Cc	29.01±1.06 Bb	448.00±33.05 Ba	0.62±0.01 Aa	0.47±0.02 Bb
膨瓜期 Growth stage	0	1.40±0.03 Aa	10.62±1.01 Dc	251.33±21.94 Bb	0.19±0.03 Dd	0.14±0.03 Db
	24	1.02±0.07 Bb	20.26±0.93 Cb	378.33±23.54 Bb	0.27±0.01 Cc	0.20±0.02 Cb
	48	0.53±0.05 Cc	35.45±1.03 Aa	499.33±8.08 Aa	0.58±0.03 Aa	0.52±0.04 Aa
	96	1.05±0.04 Bb	34.15±0.98 ABa	494.67±25.79 Aa	0.57±0.02 Bab	0.47±0.01 Ba
	192	1.05±0.04 Bb	33.13±0.77 Ba	482.67±21.94 Aa	0.50±0.04 Bb	0.46±0.02 Ba

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