菌剂作用下牛床垫料发酵过程可溶性碳氮变化

钟珍梅; 陆蒸; 林忠宁; 应朝阳

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.11.016

菌剂作用下牛床垫料发酵过程可溶性碳氮变化

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.11.016

钟珍梅^{1, 2,},
陆蒸^{1, 2},
林忠宁^{1, 2},
应朝阳^{1, 2}

1.
福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所, 福建　福州　350013
2.
福建省草业工程技术研究中心, 福建　福州　350003

基金项目: 福建省农业科学院科技创新团队项目（CXTD2021015-2）；福建省农业高质量发展超越“5511”协同创新工程项目（XTCXGC2021010）

详细信息

作者简介:
钟珍梅（1975−），女，博士，副研究员，主要从事农业资源与环境研究（E-mail: mume19@126.com）

中图分类号: S 141.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-05-07
- 修回日期: 2021-10-14
- 网络出版日期: 2021-12-30
- 刊出日期: 2021-11-28

Change on Soluble Carbon and Nitrogen in Cow Bed Material during Composting

ZHONG Zhenmei^{1, 2
,},
LU Zhen^{1, 2},
LIN Zhongnin^{1, 2},
YING Zhaoyang^{1, 2}

1.
Agricultural Ecological Institute. Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian　350013, China
2.
Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center, Fuzhou, Fujian　350003, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨在外源菌剂作用下使用了3年的牛床垫料堆肥发酵过程可溶性氮和碳变化的规律。方法测定不同菌剂作用后牛床垫料发酵过程不同发酵时间可溶性氮（铵态氮、硝态氮、可溶性有机氮）和可溶性碳（可溶性总碳和可溶性有机碳）的含量。结果添加菌剂促进了牛床垫料发酵过程铵态氮（NH₄⁺-N）、可溶性有机氮（SON）和可溶性总碳（STC）含量的增加，降低了硝态氮（NO₃⁻-N）含量，其中国龙生物床菌剂作用最明显，百丰畜禽宝和丰力净次之；可溶性有机碳（SOC）在不同的菌剂之间作用无规律性。随着发酵时间延长，NH₄⁺-N和STC含量呈先增后降的变化趋势，发酵20 d含量最高；NO₃⁻-N和SON呈增加趋势，发酵50 d含量最高；SOC呈降低趋势，发酵10 d含量最高。结论添加菌剂能增加发酵过程铵态氮、SON和STC含量，但可能存在氨挥发的风险。综合考虑堆肥降解效果和减少氨气的挥发，牛粪垫料发酵宜选专用畜禽粪便发酵的菌剂。
- 牛床垫料 /
- 堆肥发酵 /
- 可溶性无机氮 /
- 可溶性有机氮 /
- 可溶性碳
Abstract: Object Changes on soluble carbon and nitrogen in cow bed material during composting with the aid of various exogenous bacterial fermentation agents were studied. Method Contents of soluble nitrogen, i.e., ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO₃⁻-N), soluble organic nitrogen (SON), and soluble carbon, i.e., soluble total carbon (STC) and soluble organic carbon (SOC) in the cow bed material, which had been used at a cattle ranch for 3 years, that was added with different commercially available bacteria agents were measured during the fermentation to determine the optimal application of the agents. Results The addition of fermentation agents increased NH₄⁺-N, SON, and SOC, but reduced NO₃⁻-N. Among the 3 agents tested, Guolong Biological Bed Inoculants performed best on most evaluation criteria, and it was followed by Baifeng Livestock and Poultry Bao and Feng Li Jing. No consistent display in SOC by the agents was observed. NH₄⁺-N and STC increased to peak in 20 d and declined afterward. NO₃⁻-N and SON tended to increase continuously to reach a maximum in 50 d. The SOC content toped in 10 d and then on a decreasing trend as the fermentation progressed. Conclusion The application of bacteria agents could increase the available carbon and nitrogen in the compost. However, there was the risk of increasing ammonia volatilization. Hence, an agent specific for the fermentation of livestock and poultry excrement would be recommended to be added to the compost for the fermentation of cow bed material.
- cow bed material /
- compost fermentation /
- soluble inorganic nitrogen /
- soluble organic nitrogen /
- soluble carbon

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图 1 不同处理样品可溶性氮的含量

注：A：铵态氮；B：硝态氮；C：可溶性有机氮。

Figure 1. Soluble nitrogen in treatment samples

Note: A: NH₄⁺-N; B: NO₃⁻-N; C: SON.

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图 2 不同处理样品STC和SOC的含量

注：A：STC；B：SOC。

Figure 2. Soluble carbon in treatment samples

Note: A: STC; B: SOC.

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表 1 堆肥原料的基本组分

Table 1. Major physiochemical properties of compost materials

原料 Raw material	N/%	P₂O₅/%	K₂O/%	C/%	C/N	含水量 Water content%	质量分数 Mass faction%
牛床垫料 Cow bed material	1.68	0.78	0.92	38.17	22.68	60	70
猪粪 Pig manure	2.04	2.05	0.90	40.02	19.62	70	20
甘蔗渣 Sugar cane residue	0.39	0.09	0.25	41.00	105.00	42	10

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表 2 双因素方差分析结果

Table 2. Results of two-way analysis variance

因素 Factor	NH₄⁺-N		NO₃⁻-N		SON		STC		SOC
因素 Factor	F	Sig.	F	Sig.	F	Sig.	F	Sig.	F	Sig.
校正模型 Correction model	52.504	0.000	30.92	0.000	12.301	0.000	9.526	0.000	70.97	0.000
菌剂 Inoculants	33.61	0.000	9.432	0.000	12.28	0.000	8.275	0.000	234.3	0.000
取样时间 Sampling time	219.86	0.000	96.237	0.000	42.869	0.000	31.8	0.000	59.42	0.000
菌剂×取样时间 Inoculants×Sampling time	14.414	0.000	20.002	0.000	4.667	0.000	4.256	0.000	32.42	0.000

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表 3 不同处理样品NH₄⁺-N、NO₃⁻-N、SON、STC和SOC含量

Table 3. Contents of NH₄⁺-N, NO₃⁻-N,SON, STC, and SOC in treatment samples

项目Item	NH₄⁺-N	NO₃⁻-N	SON	STC	SOC
CK	0.810±0.132 d	0.837±0.123 a	1.309±0.165 d	11.301±0.440 bc	11.104±0.484 b
EM	1.101±0.155 cd	0.601±0.088 b	1.879±0.203 c	10.606±0.794 c	8.968±0.433 c
BF	1.592±0.200 b	0.491±0.044 b	2.124±0.164 bc	12.259±0.502 b	12.692±0.405 a
FLJ	1.379±0.179 bc	0.589±0.063 b	2.257±0.227 b	12.534±0.642 b	13.743±0.772 a
GR	2.094±0.322 a	0.591±0.083 b	2.825±0.319 a	14.135±0.736 a	8.394±0.440 c
注：表中同列数字后不同小写字母表示差异显著（P<0.05），下同。表中不同菌剂处理可溶性氮和碳的含量为5次取样的平均值。 Note: Data with different lowercase letters on same column mean significant difference at p<0.05. Contents of soluble nitrogen and carbon are average of 5 replicates.

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表 4 不同取样时间NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N、SON、STC和SOC含量

Table 4. Contents of NH₄⁺-N, NO₃⁻-N,SON, STC, and SOC in samples at different sampling times

取样时间 Sampling time/d	NH₄⁺-N	NO₃⁻-N	SON	STC	SOC
10	0.841±0.120 c	0.295±0.042 c	0.891±0.156 d	10.647±0.472 b	12.748±0.427 a
20	3.387±0.121 a	0.352±0.042 c	1.651±0.154 c	15.494±0.466 a	11.100±0.427 b
30	1.844±0.120 b	0.393±0.042 c	2.022±0.158 b	14.235±0.466 a	11.173±0.427 b
40	0.818±0.120 c	0.810±0.042 b	2.176±0.165 b	9.098±0.466 c	9.754±0.444 c
50	0.087±0.120 d	1.258±0.042 a	3.654±0.154 a	11.36±0.466 b	9.86±0.427 c
注：表中不同取样时间可溶性氮和碳的含量为所有处理在该时间的平均值。 Note: Contents of soluble nitrogen and carbon at different sampling times are average of all treatments.

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表 5 不同形态氮和碳随发酵时间变化的回归方程

Table 5. Regression equation for dynamic changes of different forms of nitrogen and carbon at various fermentation times

碳/氮形态 Carbon/nitrogen form	回归方程/Regression equation	R²	F	Sig.
NH₄⁺-N	y=−6.538+1.08x−0.037x²+0.0001x³	0.583	102.46	0.000
NO₃⁻-N	y=1.761−0.246x+0.012x²+0.0001x³	0.401	49.18	0.000
SON	y=−1.581+0.351x−0.012x²+0.0001x³	0.347	37.78	0.000
STC	y=−9.831+3.00x−0.108x²+0.001x³	0.285	29.301	0.000
SOC	y=11.378−0.313x+0.019x²+0.001x³	0.611	115.14	0.000
注：x为时间，y为不同形态碳氮含量。 Note: x: sampling time; y: different forms of nitrogen and carbon.

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