不同家禽蛋壳结构及其成分研究

唐徐华; 林君; 杨海明; 杨芷; 王志跃

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.002.004

不同家禽蛋壳结构及其成分研究

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.002.004

唐徐华^1,,
林君¹,
杨海明¹,
杨芷²,
王志跃^{1, 2, ,}

1.
扬州大学动物科学与技术学院，江苏　扬州　225009
2.
扬州大学农业科技发展研究院，江苏　扬州　225009

基金项目: 江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（JATA[2021]443）；江苏省农业重大新品种创制项目（PZCZ201738）

详细信息

作者简介:
唐徐华（1996−），女，硕士研究生，研究方向：家禽与营养（E-mail：1455057915@qq.com）

通讯作者:
王志跃（1964−），男，教授，研究方向：家禽与营养（E-mail：dkwzy@263.net）

中图分类号: S 835
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-25
- 修回日期: 2021-10-28
- 网络出版日期: 2022-03-21
- 刊出日期: 2022-02-25

Shell Structure and Composition of Poultry Eggs

TANG Xuhua^1
,,
LIN Jun¹,
YANG Haiming¹,
YANG Zhi²,
WANG Zhiyue^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu　225009, China
2.
Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu　225009, China

摘要

摘要: 目的通过对不同家禽蛋壳结构及成分的比较研究，丰富人们对于鹅蛋蛋壳结构和成分的认识。方法选取江南白鹅、如皋黄鸡和金定鸭所产蛋各30枚，测定蛋壳强度、厚度；取蛋壳内表面、外表面及禽蛋尖端、赤道以及钝端的横断面蛋壳碎片固定在铜板上，喷金，在扫描电镜合适倍数视野下观察蛋壳的超微结构。结果蛋重、蛋壳重以及蛋壳厚度在鸡蛋、鸭蛋和鹅蛋之间均差异显著（P＜0.05），表现为鹅蛋＞鸭蛋＞鸡蛋；而鹅蛋蛋壳强度、蛋形指数和壳重比例显著高于鸡蛋和鸭蛋（P＜0.05）。鹅蛋蛋壳栅栏层的厚度与所占比例均显著大于鸡蛋和鸭蛋（P＜0.05），鹅蛋蛋壳的横断面致密度和平整性都更好，乳突层与壳膜层联系也更加紧密；蛋壳强度与有效层厚度的相关性最强，其相关系数为0.603；3种禽蛋蛋壳中碳、氧、钙、锌的相对含量均没有显著差异（P＞0.05），相对含量最高的元素均为：氧、钙、碳，说明蛋壳中无机物质主要是碳酸钙，且蛋壳质量并不取决于元素相对含量的高低。结论鹅蛋在蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度以及蛋壳结构等方面与鸡蛋、鸭蛋有显著差异，蛋壳强度并不取决于元素相对含量的高低，受蛋壳微观结构的影响更大，蛋壳的致密度直接影响了蛋壳强度。
- 蛋品质 /
- 蛋壳强度 /
- 超微结构 /
- 元素组成
Abstract: Objective Shell structure and composition of eggs laid by different kinds of poultry were compared. Method Thirty eggs of Jiangnan white geese, Rugao yellow chickens, and Jinding ducks were examined for microstructures of the inner/outer surfaces and cross-sections of fragments from various parts under a scanning electron microscope, determined on the physical properties using a strength tester, measured for the thickness with a spiral micrometer, and analyzed on the chemical composition by standard methods. Result The egg weight, shell weight, and shell thickness of different species of poultry differed significantly (P＜0.05) with a ranking of goose eggs＞duck eggs＞chicken eggs. The shell strength, shape index, and weight ratio of the goose eggs were significantly higher than those of the chicken or duck eggs (P＜0.05). Both thickness and proportion of palisade layer of goose eggshell were significantly greater than those of chicken or duck eggshell (P＜0.05). The transverse section density and integrality of goose eggshells were better and the mastoid layer more closely related to the shell layer, while the shell strength highly correlated with the effective layer thickness showing a correlation coefficient of 0.603. The relative contents of carbon, oxygen, calcium, and zinc in the eggshells did not differ significantly (P＞0.05), and oxygen, calcium, and carbon were the greatest amount of inorganic substance and present mainly in the form of calcium carbonate. Thus, the eggshell quality did not depend on the relative content of these elements. Conclusion Goose eggs are significantly different from chicken eggs and duck eggs in terms of shell strength, shell thickness and shell structure. The eggshell strength does not depend on the relative content of the elements, but is more affected by the ultrastructure of the eggshell, and the density of the eggshell directly affects the eggshell strength.
- eggshell quality /
- shell strength /
- ultrastructure /
- element composition

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图 1 禽蛋蛋壳内、外表面

Figure 1. Inner and outer surfaces of eggshell samples

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图 2 禽蛋蛋壳横截面

Figure 2. Cross-section view of eggshells

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图 3 禽蛋蛋壳壳膜层

Figure 3. Membrane layer of eggshells

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图 4 禽蛋蛋壳乳突层

Figure 4. Mammillary layer of eggshells

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图 5 禽蛋蛋壳栅栏层

Figure 5. Palisade layer of eggshells

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图 6 禽蛋蛋壳晶体层

Figure 6. Crystal layer of eggshells

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表 1 3种禽蛋蛋品质的比较

Table 1. Quality of 3 kinds of poultry eggs

品种 Varieties	蛋重 Egg weight/g	蛋壳强度 Eggshell strength/（kg·cm⁻²）	蛋形指数 Egg shape index/%	蛋壳重 Eggshell weight/g	壳重比例 Eggshell weight ratio/%	蛋壳厚度 Eggshell thickness/mm
鸡 Chicken	41.94±4.24 c	4.56±0.49 b	1.30±0.04 b	4.00±0.67 c	9.51±0.86 b	0.34±0.03 c
鸭 Duck	73.53±4.97 b	4.79±0.81 b	1.31±0.07 b	6.66±0.75 b	9.08±0.97 b	0.38±0.02 b
鹅 Goose	147.27±11.30 a	10.82±1.62 a	1.45±0.07 a	16.90±1.95 a	11.50±1.18 a	0.41±0.08 a
注：同列数据后相同字母或无字母表示差异不显著（P＞0.05），不同小写字母表示差异显著（P＜0.05）。 Note: The same lowercase letter or no letter in the table indicate no significant difference(P＞0.05), different lowercase letters indicate significant difference(P＜0.05).

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表 2 3种禽蛋蛋壳横断面各层厚度及占比

Table 2. Thickness and proportion of eggshell layers in transverse section of poultry eggs

品种 Varieties		鸡 Chicken	鸭 Duck	鹅 Goose
壳膜层 Shell layer	厚度/μm	15.02±1.18 b	22.97±1.54 a	21.41±3.30 a
壳膜层 Shell layer	占比/%	4.52±0.32 b	6.25±0.65 a	4.20±0.62 b
乳突层 Mastoid layer	厚度/μm	139.84±15.18 b	127.17±13.07 b	181.88±16.13 a
乳突层 Mastoid layer	占比/%	42.07±4.28 a	34.37±0.57 b	35.64±3.11 b
栅栏层 Palisade layer	厚度/μm	135.41±21.23 c	175.94±24.04 b	244.93±19.85 a
栅栏层 Palisade layer	占比/%	40.55±4.39 b	47.43±1.50 a	47.96±3.20 a
晶体层 Crystal layer	厚度/μm	42.53±7.40 b	44.13±4.08 b	62.52±7.61 a
晶体层 Crystal layer	占比/%	12.86±2.70	11.96±0.82	12.22±1.06
有效层 Effective layer	厚度/μm	177.94±19.91 c	220.06±27.10 b	307.45±21.89 a
有效层 Effective layer	占比/%	53.41±4.03 b	59.39±1.17 a	60.18±2.54 a
注：同行数据后相同字母或无字母表示差异不显著（P＞0.05），不同小写字母表示差异显著（P＜0.05）。 Note: The same lowercase letter or no letter in the table indicate no significant difference (P＞0.05), different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P＜0.05).

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表 3 鹅蛋蛋壳强度、厚度与蛋壳结构相关性

Table 3. Correlation between strength, thickness, and structure of goose eggs

项目 Item	蛋壳强度 Eggshell strength	蛋壳厚度 Eggshell thickness
蛋壳强度 Eggshell strength	1	0.296
蛋壳厚度 Eggshell thickness	0. 296	1
壳膜层厚度 Shell layer thickness	0.318	0.361
乳突层厚度 Mastoid layer thickness	0.185	0.049
栅栏层厚度 Palisade layer thickness	0.524^*	0.275
晶体层厚度 Crystal layer thickness	0.439^*	0.241
有效层厚度 Effective layer thickness	0.603^*	0.306
注：表示相关性显著（P＜0.05）。 Note: The data with a shoulder mark indicates a significant correlation (P＜0.05).

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表 4 3种禽蛋蛋壳元素相对含量

Table 4. Relative contents of chemical elements in shells of poultry eggs

品种 Varieties	碳 C/%	氧 O/%	钙 Ca/%	镁 Mg/%	锌 Zn/%
鸡 Chicken	19.94±0.42	56.26±0.73	23.39±0.73	0.37±0.12 a	0.05±0.01
鸭 Duck	19.57±0.22	56.57±0.60	23.72±0.64	0.11±0.03 b	0.04±0.01
鹅 Goose	19.67±0.66	56.22±0.51	23.87±0.41	0.19±0.02 b	0.05±0.01

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