不同温度和培养基对秀珍菇木霉共培养的影响

兰清秀; 柯斌榕; 卢政辉; 马璐; 黄晨阳; 廖剑华

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.002.009

不同温度和培养基对秀珍菇木霉共培养的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.002.009

兰清秀^{1, 2, 3,},
柯斌榕^{1, 3},
卢政辉^{1, 3, ,},
马璐^{1, 3},
黄晨阳²,
廖剑华^{1, 3}

1.
福建省农业科学院食用菌研究所，福建　福州　350013
2.
中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所，　北京　100081
3.
特色食用菌繁育与栽培国家地方联合工程研究中心，福建　福州　350014

基金项目: 福建省科技计划公益类专项（2019R1035-4）；福建省种业创新与产业化工程项目（zycxny2021011）

详细信息

作者简介:
兰清秀（1982−），女，硕士，助理研究员，研究方向：食用菌生理与栽培（E-mail：lanqingx508@163.com）

通讯作者:
卢政辉（1973−），男，硕士，高级工程师，研究方向：食用菌栽培与推广( E-mail：lubu1973@sohu.com)

中图分类号: S 646
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-07
- 修回日期: 2022-01-28
- 刊出日期: 2022-02-25

Effects of Temperature and Media on Cocultivation of Pleurotus pulmonarius and Trichoderma harzianum

LAN Qingxiu^{1, 2, 3
,},
KE Binrong^{1, 3},
LU Zhenghui^{1, 3
, ,},
MA Lu^{1, 3},
HUANG Chenyang²,
LIAO Jianhua^{1, 3}

1.
Institute of Edible Fungi, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian　350013, China
2.
Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing　100081, China
3.
National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center (NDRC) for Breeding & Cultivation of Featured Edible Fungi, Fuzhou, Fujian　350014, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究秀珍菇和木霉菌丝适宜生长的条件和特性。方法应用生长速率测定法和平板共培养法，对比了秀珍菇5个菌株菌丝在不同温度和营养培养基条件下生长及与木霉共培养情况。结果秀珍菇不同菌株在相同温度，不同培养基条件下，86-1菌株菌丝生长速度与其他4个菌株均有极显著差异。不同温度条件，Y710-14菌株25 ℃与28 ℃菌丝生长速度无显著性差异，它们与其余3个温度有极显著差异。 X98ly-13、XD-13、903-1和86-1在25～30 ℃温度条件下，菌株菌丝生长速度均无显著性差异，但均与32和34 ℃条件有极显著差异。木霉菌丝的生长温度范围与秀珍菇菌丝一样（25～32 ℃），但木霉菌丝生长速度明显快于秀珍菇菌丝，秀珍菇与木霉菌丝共培养时，秀珍菇菌丝对木霉未观察到拮抗现象，秀珍菇菌丝很快就被木霉菌丝完全覆盖。5个秀珍菇菌株在PDYA培养基中的生长势最强，其次为PDSYA培养基，PDSA和PDA培养基中的菌丝生长势正常，86-1菌株菌丝生长速度均最慢。PDA和PDSYA培养基条件，X98ly-13、Y710-14、XD-13与901-1菌株菌丝生长速度无显著差异。PDSA培养基条件，X98ly-13、Y710-14与901-1菌株菌丝生长速度无显著差异。结论供试的5个秀珍菇菌株，Y710-14最适生长温度为30 ℃，其余4个菌株菌丝的最适生长温度均为25 ℃。秀珍菇菌丝适宜的生长温度范围与木霉菌丝相同，但秀珍菇菌丝的生长速度和耐高温能力明显弱于木霉菌丝。添加酵母粉培养基菌丝更浓密，生长势最强，添加淀粉培养基的菌丝更白。
- 秀珍菇 /
- 温度 /
- 培养基 /
- 木霉
Abstract: Objective Growth and characteristics of 5 strains of Pleurotus pulmonarius and Trichoderma harzianum in cocultivation on different media at different temperatures were studied for the potential application in the mushroom cultivation. Method The growth rate and plate confrontation culture methods were used to observe the mycelial growth or antagonism of 5 strain of P. pulmonarius and T. harzianum in cocultivation on different media at different temperatures. Result Under same culture conditions, the mycelial growth of the mushroom strain 86-1 significantly differed from the rest of the 5 strains. The growth of Y710-14 at 25 ℃and 28 ℃ showed no significant differences but did from other 3 tested temperatures. The mycelial growth rates of X98ly-13, XD-13, 903-1, and 86-1 at 25-30 ℃did not differ significantly but significantly at 32 ℃and 34 ℃. Both T. harzianum and P. pulmonarius grew well at 25-32 ℃. The former grew significantly faster than the latter, and thus, covered all over the latter in time of coculture on medium. However, no apparent antagonism between the two species was evident. Insofar as culture medium is concerned, PDYA provided the strongest mycelial growth followed by PDSYA, while PDSA and PDA being average. Among the various strains, 86-1 grew the slowest on any of the media. On PDA or PDSYA, X98ly-13, Y710-14, XD-13, and 903-1 grew without any significant differences, so did X98ly-13, Y710-14, or 903-1 on PDSA. When starch was present as an ingredient in PDSA, the strains of mushrooms appeared whiter with milky white color, and no significant differences on the mycelia growth rate of X98ly-13, Y710-14, and 901-1. Conclusion The optimum growth temperature for Y710-14 was 30 ℃, and for the other strain 25 ℃. Both P. pulmonarius and T. harzianum grew well in same range of temperature, but the mushroom mycelia grew slower with lower tolerance to high temperature than T. harzianum. The medium containing yeast powder produced thicker mycelia with the strongest vitality, while that consisted of starch, whiter in color than otherwise. It appeared that there was an application potential of the cocultivation of P. pulmonarius and T. harzianum for the mushroom industry.
- Pleurotus pulmonarius /
- temperature /
- culture medium /
- Trichoderma harzianum

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图 1 秀珍菇（XD-13）木霉（T001）菌丝在不同温度条件下生长及共培养情况

注：①A：秀珍菇菌丝；B：木霉菌丝；C：秀珍菇和木霉菌丝共培养；②图中平皿从左到右处理温度依次为25、28、32 ℃（上排），34、36 ℃（下排）。

Figure 1. Mycelial growth of P. pulmonarius (XD-13) and T. harzianum (T001) in cocultivation at different temperatures

Note: ① A: mycelia of P. pulmonarius; B: mycelia of T. harzianum; C: mycelia of P. pulmonarius and T. harzianum. ② Plate temperatures from left to right at 25 ℃, 28 ℃, and 32 ℃ on upper row; 34 ℃ and 36 ℃ on bottom row.

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图 2 5个菌株在不同培养基条件下菌丝的生长情况

注：①A：X98ly-13菌株；B：Y710-14菌株；C：XD-13菌株；D：903-1菌株；E：86-1菌株。②平皿从左至右依次为PDA、PDSA、PDYA、PDSYA培养基。

Figure 2. Mycelial growth of 5 strains of P. pulmonarius cultured on different media

Note: ①A：X98ly-13; B: Y710-14; C: XD-13; D: 903-1; E: 86-1. ② Plates from left to right represent culture media PDA, PDSA, PDYA, and PDSYA.

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表 1 温度对秀珍菇菌丝生长速度的影响

Table 1. Effects of temperature on mycelial growth of P. pulmonarius

菌株 Strain	温度 Temperature/ ℃	萌发时间 Germination time/h	菌丝生长速度 The growth rate of mycelia /（mm·d⁻¹）	满皿时间 Full petri dish time/d
X98ly-13	25	24	8.63±0.01 Aa	6
	28	24	8.25±0.01 Aab	6
	30	24	7.96±0.05 ABbc	6
	32	24	7.50±0.01 Bc	6.33
	34	72	0.92±0.02 Cd	＞15
Y710-14	25	24	7.42±0.06 Bc	6.67
	28	24	8.00±0.03 Bb	6
	30	24	8.83±0.01 Aa	5.33
	32	24～48	6.46±0.01 Cd	8.33
	34	72	0.83±0.03 De	＞15
Xd-13	25	24	8.88±0.02 Aa	5
	28	24	7.63±0.01 Aa	5
	30	24	8.38±0.03 ABb	5.33
	32	24～48	7.75±0.03 Bc	6.67
	34	72	0.92±0.01 Cd	＞15
903-1	25	24	7.86±0.08 Aa	6
	28	24	7.71±0.01 Aa	6
	30	24	7.71±0.02 Aa	6
	32	24～48	6.29±0.06 Bb	7.67
	34	72	0.67±0.01 Cc	＞15
86-1	25	24	5.38±0.04 Aa	9
	28	24	4.46±0.09 ABa	10
	30	24	4.38±0.09 ABa	11.33
	32	24～48	3.08±0.05 Bb	20.33
	34	72	0.46±0.01 Cc	＞21
注：表中不同大小写字母表示同一菌株在不同温度条件下菌丝生长速度有极显著差异（P＜0.01）和显著差异（P＜0.05）。 Note: Data with different uppercase and lowercase letters on same column indicate significant differences at P＜0.01 and P＜0.05, respectively.

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表 2 木霉在不同温度条件下菌丝生长情况

Table 2. Mycelial growth of T. harzianum at different temperatures

温度 Temperature/ ℃	萌发时间 Germination time/h	菌丝生长速度 Growth rate of mycelia/ （mm·d⁻¹）	满皿时间 Full petri dish time/d	覆盖秀珍菇菌丝时间 Infect mycelia of Pleurotus pulmonarius time/h
25	＜24	19.33±0.03 Bb	2.21	48
28	＜24	20.5±0.05 Aa	2.21	48
30	＜24	19.33±0.03 Bb	2.5	48
32	24	18.5±0.05 Bc	3	48～54
34	24～48	14.67±0.03 Cd	3	54～72
36	72	3.17±0.03 De	/	/
注：表中不同大小写字母表示菌株在不同温度条件下菌丝生长速度有极显著差异（P＜0.01）和显著差异（P＜0.05）。 Note: Data with different uppercase and lowercase letters on same column indicate significant differences at P＜0.01 and P＜0.05, respectively.

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表 3 秀珍菇不同菌株在4种培养基中的菌丝生长情况分析

Table 3. Mycelial growth of 5 strains of P. pulmonarius on 4 different culture media

培养基 Culture medium	菌株 Strain	菌丝生长速度 The growth rate of mycelia/ （mm·d⁻¹）	菌丝特征 Mycelia characteristics
PDA	X98ly-13	8.42±0.38 Aa	生长速度快、粗壮浓密、洁白
	Y710-14	8.05±1.04 Aa	生长速度较快、浓密、洁白
	XD-13	8.67±0.90 Aa	生长速度快、气生菌丝多、洁白
	903-1	7.72±0.36 Aa	生长速度中等、较密、洁白
	86-1	6.06±0.88 Bb	生长速度慢、粗壮浓密、洁白
PDSA	X98ly-13	7.78±1.20 Bb	生长速度快、粗壮浓密、乳白
	Y710-14	8.44±0.46 ABab	生长速度快、浓密、乳白
	XD-13	9.28±0.51 Aa	生长速度快、气生菌丝多、乳白
	903-1	7.56±0.58 Bb	生长速度中等、较密、乳白
	86-1	6.00±0.56 Cc	生长速度慢、粗壮浓密、乳白
PDYA	X98ly-13	8.58±0.66 Aab	生长速度快、粗壮浓密、洁白
	Y710-14	8.78±0.75 Aa	生长速度快、浓密、洁白
	XD-13	8.89±0.82 Aa	生长速度快、气生菌丝多、洁白
	903-1	7.83±0.35 Ab	生长速度正常、较密、洁白
	86-1	6.22±0.62 Bc	生长速度慢、粗壮浓密、洁白
PDSYA	X98ly-13	8.22±0.71 Aa	生长速度快、粗壮浓密、洁白
	Y710-14	8.11±0.49 Aa	生长速度快、浓密、洁白
	XD-13	8.75±0.69 Aa	生长速度快、气生菌丝多、洁白
	903-1	8.05±0.81 Aa	生长速度正常、较密、洁白
	86-1	6.72±0.36 Bb	生长速度慢、粗壮浓密、洁白
注：表中不同大、小写字母表示不同菌株在相同培养基条件下菌丝生长速度有极显著差异（P＜0.01）和显著差异（P＜0.05）。 Note: Means within a column followed by different uppercase and lowercase letters indicate significant difference at P＜0.01 or P＜0.05, respectively.

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