郑州市常绿树种滞尘能力与叶片生理结构的响应

贺丹; 汪安印; 李紫萱; 王翼飞; 李朝梅; 雷雅凯; 李永华; 董娜琳

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.002.010

郑州市常绿树种滞尘能力与叶片生理结构的响应

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.002.010

1.
河南农业大学风景园林与艺术学院，河南　郑州　450002
2.
苏州大学金螳螂建筑学院，江苏　苏州　215127

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（31600579）；河南省科技攻关项目（212102110185）；河南省青年骨干教师资助项目（2020GGJS049）

详细信息

作者简介:
贺丹（1983–），女，博士，副教授，研究方向：风景园林植物应用（E-mail：dandan990111@163.com）

通讯作者:
董娜琳（1987–），女，硕士，实验师，研究方向：风景园林规划与公共健康（E-mail：dongnalin@henau.edu.cn）

中图分类号: S 688
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-22
- 修回日期: 2022-02-01
- 刊出日期: 2022-02-25

Dust Retention and Physiological Responses of Evergreen Tree Leaves in Zhengzhou city

1.
College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan　450002, China
2.
Gold Mantis School of Architecture, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu　215127, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究郑州市常绿树种的滞尘及综合抗污染能力。方法以7种常见常绿树种为研究对象，应用分级滤膜过滤法测定其单位叶面积不同粒径（TSP、PM₁₀、PM_2.5）的颗粒物滞留量，并比较不同污染程度下各树种叶片的生理指标和叶表形态结构。结果不同树种滞尘量差异显著，针叶树种单位叶面积滞尘量显著高于阔叶树种，针叶树种中圆柏的滞尘量高于雪松，阔叶树种中单位叶面积滞尘量最高为女贞，滞留量最低的为南天竹。大部分树种的叶绿素a、b含量在污染严重地区相对较低，丙二醛含量在污染严重地区相对较高，与该地区植物较强的滞尘能力相符，且树种的滞尘量与生理指标存在显著相关性。结论植物吸附的颗粒物多集中在沟槽、中脉、气孔等有明显凹凸变化的区域，且随着污染程度的变化，其气孔大小和气孔密度发生变化，从而影响其滞尘能力。采用主成分分析法，得出树种抗污染综合能力从大到小依次为雪松、圆柏、女贞、石楠、大叶黄杨、海桐和南天竹。因此，今后在郑州进行城市绿化时，应优先选用雪松、圆柏这种综合抗污染能力较强的树种。
- 常绿树种 /
- 颗粒物 /
- 生理指标 /
- 叶面结构 /
- 抗污染能力
Abstract: Objective Dust retention of 7 typical species of evergreen trees in municipal Zhengzhou, Jiangsu was studied. Method Deposit of dust falloff on leaves of the evergreen trees was collected by a 3-layer membrane filtration method. Physiological indicators and surface structure of the tree leaves in areas under varied degrees of atmospheric pollution were compared. Result On a per unit leaf area basis, the dust retention of coniferous evergreens was significantly higher than that of broadleaf counterparts. Of the conifers, Sabina chinensis was higher in retaining dust than Cedrus deodara, while the broadleaf Ligustrum lucidum the highest and Nandina domestica the lowest. Most trees in severely polluted areas were relatively low on the contents of chlorophyll a and b but high on malondialdehyde, as the leaves tended to gather more dust. A significant correlation was also observed between the dust retention and physiological indicators of the tree leaves. Dust particles largely collected in the grooves, midribs, and stomata on a plant, and the size and density of the stomata could be affected by the worsened air pollution and so the dust retention. A principal component analysis on the pollution resistance of the evergreens placed the species in a descending order of C. deodara, S. chinensis, L. lucidum, Photinia serratifolia, Buxus megistophylla, Pittosporum tobira, and N. domestica. Conclusion For an ecological-friendly urban landscaping in Zhengzhou, it would be more desirable to choose C. deodara and S. chinensis than the others.
- evergreen plants /
- particulates /
- physiological indicators /
- leaf structure /
- anti-pollution capacity

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图 1 采样区域分布

注：1、公园；2、道路；3、工厂。图5同。

Figure 1. Schematic distribution of sampling area

Note: 1. park; 2. road; 3. factory. The same was applied in Fig.5.

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图 2 7种常绿树种在3个采样区滞尘量的比较

注：不同小写字母表示在同一采样区下不同树种间差异显著（P＜0.05）；A、圆柏；B、雪松；C、女贞；D、石楠；E、大叶黄杨；F、海桐；G、南天竹。图3、图4和图5同。

Figure 2. Dust deposition on 7 species of evergreen in 3 sampling areas

Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different tree species in the same sampling area (P＜0.05); A. Sabina chinensis. B. Cedrus deodara. C. Ligustrum lucidum. D. Photinia serratifolia. E. Buxus megistophylla. F. Pittosporum tobira. G. Nandina domestica. The same for Fig.3, 4, 5.

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图 3 7种常绿树种在3处采样区的叶绿素a、b以及丙二醛含量比较

Figure 3. Contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and malondialdehyde of evergreens in 3 sampling areas

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图 4 7种常绿树种的叶面颗粒物分布

注：箭头为不同植物叶面颗粒分布集中区域（×60倍）。

Figure 4. Distribution of particles fell on leaves of various species of evergreens

Note: Arrows are the concentrated areas of leaf particles of different plants (×60 times).

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图 5 7种常绿树种在3处采样区的叶面气孔形态观察（×1200倍）

Figure 5. Leaf stomata morphology of evergreens in 3 sampling areas (1200 ×)

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表 1 7种常绿树种在3处采样区的叶面气孔参数

Table 1. Stomatal parameters of evergreens in 3 sampling area

树种 Tree species	气孔形态 Stomatal morphology	采样区域 Sampling area	气孔密度 Stomatal density/(个·mm⁻²)	气孔长度 Stomatal length/μm	气孔宽度 Stomatal width/μm
圆柏 Sabina chinensis	长圆形 Long round	1	55.18±0.00	44.21±0.92	36.15±0.78
		2	55.18±0.00	42.37±0.30	32.60±0.39
		3	66.68±3.98	42.11±0.51	20.93±0.49
雪松 Cedrus deodara	长圆形 Long round	1	27.59±0.00	59.28±0.91	38.67±0.30
		2	27.59±0.00	44.26±0.32	37.60±0.35
		3	27.59±0.00	31.98±1.16	31.27±0.75
女贞 Ligustrum lucidum	卵圆形 Ovate	1	223.03±14.36	24.72±0.15	17.25±1.13
		2	236.82±3.98	24.41±0.22	13.72±1.07
		3	303.50±6.90	22.93±1.24	12.59±0.05
石楠 Photinia serratifolia	圆形 Round	1	257.51±15.93	23.16±0.34	22.18±0.28
		2	425.36±14.36	20.23±0.32	17.35±1.30
		3	443.75±14.36	15.20±0.43	12.76±0.38
大叶黄杨 Buxus megistophylla	圆形 Round	1	236.82±22.17	37.91±0.28	37.26±0.23
		2	239.12±7.96	26.83±0.13	25.89±1.01
		3	287.40±14.36	24.74±0.15	24.26±0.27
海桐 Pittosporum tobira	圆形 Round	1	170.14±7.96	40.55±0.45	39.62±0.20
		2	271.31±21.07	32.50±0.43	30.92±0.06
		3	298.90±21.07	25.65±1.16	24.13±0.11
南天竹 Nandina domestica	卵圆形 Ovate	1	377.07±31.86	19.91±0.31	18.66±0.31
		2	434.55±11.95	19.48±0.35	17.39±0.47
		3	448.35±20.69	15.76±0.09	14.61±0.37

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表 2 树种、污染程度与气孔指标的方差分析

Table 2. Variance analysis on tree species, pollution degree, and stoma index

固定因子 Fixed factor	因变量 Dependent variable	Ⅲ类平方和 Sum of squares of class Ⅲ	自由度 Degrees of freedom	均方 Squared value	F	显著性 Significance
污染程度 The degree of pollution	气孔长度 Stomatal length	365.339	2	182.669	1.417	0.268
	气孔宽度 Stomata width	342.450	2	171.225	2.192	0.141
	气孔密度 Stomatal density	20557.829	2	10278.915	0.457	0.640
树种差异 Tree species differences	气孔长度 Stomatal length	2052.773	6	342.129	7.571	0.001^**
	气孔宽度 Stomata width	1303.944	6	217.324	4141.690	0.001^**
	气孔密度 Stomatal density	386552.852	6	64425.475	23.403	0.000^**
注：表示P＜0.01。 Note: means P＜0.01.

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表 3 叶片滞尘量与生理指标之间的相关性

Table 3. Correlation between dust retention and physiological indices of leaves

	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆
X₁	1	0.917^**	0.886^**	−0.692	−0.739	0.966^**
X₂		1	0.997^**	−0.531	−0.508	0.907^**
X₃			1	−0.478	−0.443	0.878^**
X₄				1	0.918^**	−0.709
X₅					1	−0.727
X₆						1
注：表示在0.01水平上极显著相关；X₁：单位叶面积TSP滞留量； X₂：单位叶面积PM₁₀滞留量； X₃：单位叶面积PM_2.5滞留量； X₄ ：叶绿素a含量；X₅：叶绿素b含量；X₆：丙二醛含量。 Note: extremely significant correlation at P＜ 0.01; X₁: TSP retention per unit leaf area; X₂: PM₁₀ retention per unit leaf area; X₃: PM_2.5 retention per unit leaf area; X₄: chlorophyll a content; X₅: chlorophyll b content; X₆: malondialdehyde content.

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表 4 滞尘量与生理指标的主成分贡献率和因子载荷矩阵

Table 4. Contribution rate and factor loading matrix of principal components on dust retention and physiological indicators

主成分 Principal component	成分矩阵 Component matrix						特征值 Eigen value	贡献率 Contribution/%	累计贡献率 Cumulative/%
主成分 Principal component	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆	特征值 Eigen value	贡献率 Contribution/%	累计贡献率 Cumulative/%
1	0.98	0.92	0.89	−0.79	−0.80	0.97	4.80	79.92	79.92
2	0.09	0.38	0.44	0.56	0.58	0.08	1.00	16.73	96.65

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表 5 树种在第1、2主成分的得分以及综合得分

Table 5. Overall score and scores of first and second principal components on varied species of plants

树种 Tree species	F₁	F₂	F	排名 Ranking
雪松 Cedrus deodara	3.19	0.01	2.55	1
圆柏 Sabina chinensis	3.08	−0.31	2.41	2
女贞 Ligustrum lucidum	−0.25	0.73	−0.08	3
石楠 Photinia serratifolia	−1.50	1.28	−0.98	4
大叶黄杨 Buxus megistophylla	−1.41	0.64	−1.02	5
海桐 Pittosporum tobira	−1.32	−0.63	−1.16	6
南天竹 Nandina domestica	−1.79	−1.72	−1.72	7
注：F₁：树种在第1主成分（滞尘能力）的得分，随数值增加树种滞尘能力得分高；F₂：树种在第2主成分（生理响应）的得分，随数值增加树种生理响应得分高；F：树种的综合得分；表中的排名是按照F综合得分进行的排名。 Note: F₁: The score of tree species in the first principal component (Dust detentions) , the dust retention ability score of tree species was higher with increasing value; F₂: The score of tree species in the second principal component (Physiological response) , the physiological response score of tree species was higher with increasing value; F: Composite score of tree species; The rankings in the table are based on the F composite score.

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