芸芥对4种不同钠盐胁迫耐受性的比较

范惠玲; 白生文; 姚正良; 王娟; 任晓燕; 陈天元; 杨亚莉

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.002.011

芸芥对4种不同钠盐胁迫耐受性的比较

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.002.011

范惠玲^{1, 2,},
白生文³,
姚正良⁴,
王娟⁴,
任晓燕¹,
陈天元¹,
杨亚莉¹

1.
河西学院农业与生态工程学院，甘肃　张掖　734000
2.
青海大学农牧学院，青海　西宁　810016
3.
河西学院生命科学与工程学院，甘肃　张掖　734000
4.
张掖市农业科学研究院，甘肃　张掖　734000

基金项目: 甘肃省自然科学基金项目（20JR10RG308）；甘肃省大学生创新创业训练计划项目（S202010740024）；河西学院教学研究项目（HXXYJY-2020-54）

详细信息

作者简介:
范惠玲（1980−），女，博士研究生，副教授，研究方向：油菜及其近缘植物遗传育种（E-mail：332650086@qq.com）

中图分类号: S 332.6
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-03-20
- 修回日期: 2021-05-17
- 网络出版日期: 2021-08-10
- 刊出日期: 2022-02-25

Tolerance of Eruca sativa to Stress by Four Types of Salt

1.
College of Agriculture and Ecological Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye, Gansu　734000, China
2.
College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai　810016, China
3.
College of Life and Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye, Gansu　734000, China
4.
Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhangye, Gansu　734000, China

摘要

摘要: 目的测定芸芥品系在单盐处理下萌发指标的变化，分析芸芥的耐盐极限值和临界值，明确芸芥对4种单盐胁迫耐受性的差异。方法以15芸芥4、11芸芥32-1和16芸芥9等3个品系为材料，分别采用浓度为30～300 mmol·L⁻¹ NaCl、15～60 mmol·L⁻¹ NaHCO₃、30～150 mmol·L⁻¹ Na₂SO₄和5～30 mmol·L⁻¹ Na₂CO₃共4种单盐溶液对芸芥种子进行胁迫处理，测定发芽率、发芽指数和胚根长等6个指标，计算耐盐临界值和极限值，采用多指标综合评价芸芥在萌发期对不同钠盐胁迫的耐受程度。结果结果表明：（1）4种单盐胁迫下，胚根长的耐盐临界值和耐盐极限值均最小，可作为鉴定芸芥萌发期耐盐性的主要指标；（2）碱性盐Na⁺≥30 mmol·L⁻¹和中性盐Na⁺≥180 mmol·L⁻¹时，芸芥种子萌发及幼苗生长受到明显抑制；（3）在NaCl和Na₂SO₄胁迫下，15芸芥4耐盐性最强，11芸芥32-1居中，16芸芥9最弱；在Na₂CO₃胁迫下，15芸芥4耐盐性最强，16芸芥9居中，11芸芥32-1最弱；在NaHCO₃胁迫下，16芸芥9耐盐性最强，15芸芥4居中，11芸芥32-1最弱；（4）15芸芥4对NaCl、Na₂SO₄和Na₂CO₃胁迫的耐性临界值和极限值均最高，其耐性临界值分别为158、88和16.3 mmol·L⁻¹，耐性极限值分别为264、130、23 mmol·L⁻¹；15芸芥4耐中性盐适应性较广；16芸芥9对NaHCO₃胁迫的耐性临界值和极限值均最高，分别为42、64 mmol·L⁻¹，该品系耐NaHCO₃的适应性较广。结论 Na₂SO₄对芸芥种子萌发的抑制效应强于NaCl，Na₂CO₃对芸芥种子萌发的抑制效应强于NaHCO₃；芸芥耐NaCl和Na₂SO₄胁迫次序一致，均表现为15芸芥4＞11芸芥32-1＞16芸芥9，耐NaHCO₃胁迫依次为16芸芥9＞15芸芥4＞11芸芥32-1，耐Na₂CO₃胁迫依次为15芸芥4＞16芸芥9＞11芸芥32-1。
- 芸芥 /
- 种子萌发 /
- 盐胁迫 /
- 耐盐临界值 /
- 耐盐极限值
Abstract: Objectives Eruca sativa seed germination and seedling tolerance to 4 types of salts were studied in a simulated experimentation for breeding and cultivar selection. Methods Three lines of E. sativa cultivars, 15 Yunjie 4, 11 Yunjie 32-1, and 16 Yunjie 9, under the stress by 4 types of salt in varied concentrations, including 30-300 mmol·L⁻¹ NaCl, 30-150 mmol·L⁻¹ Na₂SO₄, 15-60 mmol·L⁻¹ NaHCO₃, and 5-30 mmol·L⁻¹ Na₂CO₃, were used in the experimentation. In the prepared media, the rate, potential, and index of seed germination as well as the weight, radicle length, and hypocotyl length of new shoots were determined. The critical salt concentration beyond which irrevocable damage occurred to the plant and the tolerance threshold to stress imposed by a specific salt at which a plant could still revert to normal conditions were obtained for a multiple indicator evaluation on the E. sativa lines. Results (1) The least critical concentration and the tolerance threshold to the exposure of individual salt by E. sativa were found when these indicators were gauged by the radical seedling length. Therefore, the measurement was selected for the evaluation. (2) At either the alkaline Na⁺ was greater or equal to 30 mmol·L⁻¹ or the neutral Na⁺ greater or equal to 180 mmol·L⁻¹, the seed germination and seedling growth were significantly inhibited. (3) Under NaCl or Na₂SO₄ stress, 15 Yunjie 4 displayed the strongest tolerance, followed by 11 Yunjie 32-1 and 16 Yunjie 9. On Na₂CO₃, 15 Yunjie 4 was most tolerant, which was followed by 16 Yunjie 9 and 11 Yunjie 32-1. NaHCO₃ was best tolerated by 16 Yunjie 9 and followed by 15 Yunjie 4 and 11 Yunjie 32-1. And (4) among the 3 cultivars, 15 Yunjie 4 had the highest critical salt concentrations as well as tolerance thresholds in dealing with the various salts. It showed a threshold at 158 mmol·L⁻¹ on NaCl, 88 mmol·L⁻¹ on Na₂SO₄, and 16.3 mmol·L⁻¹ on Na₂CO₃, and a critical concentration on NaCl at 264 mmol·L⁻¹, on Na₂SO₄ at 30 mmol·L⁻¹, and on Na₂CO₃ at 23 mmol·L⁻¹. However, 16 Yunjie 9 exhibited a high tolerance to NaHCO₃ with the greatest threshold at 42 mmol·L⁻¹ and a critical concentration at 64 mmol·L⁻¹. Conclusion The effect of stress exerted by NaCl on E. sativa seed germination was less sever than that by Na₂SO₄, and that by NaHCO₃ lower than Na₂CO₃. The NaCl and Na₂SO₄ tolerance of the cultivars were consistently ranked as 15 Yunjie 4＞11 Yunjie 32-1＞16 Yunjie 9; the NaHCO₃ tolerance as 16 Yunjie 9＞15 Yunjie 4＞11 Yunjie 32-1; and the Na₂CO₃ tolerance as 15 Yunjie 4＞16 Yunjie 9＞11 Yunjie 32-1. The information would provide a guideline for future studies on the cultivation and management of E. sativa farming on saline-alkali land.
- Eruca sativa /
- seed germination /
- salt stress /
- critical salt concentration /
- tolerance threshold

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图 1 NaCl溶液胁迫对3个芸芥品系种子萌发性状的影响

注：A.发芽势；B.发芽指数；C.发芽率；D. 幼苗鲜重；E.胚根长；F.胚轴长；小写字母表示同一种盐不同浓度处理间5%水平差异显著（P＜0.05），图2~4同。

Figure 1. Effects of NaCl on germination of 3 E. sativa lines

Notes：A: germination potential; B: germination index; C: germination rate; D: fresh weight; E: radical length; F: hypocotyl length. Data with different lowercase letters indicated significant difference (P＜0.05). Same for Fig.2–4.

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图 2 Na₂SO₄溶液胁迫对3个芸芥品系种子萌发性状的影响

Figure 2. Effects of Na₂SO₄ on germination of 3 E. sativa lines

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图 3 NaHCO₃溶液胁迫对3个芸芥品系种子萌发性状的影响

Figure 3. Effects of NaHCO₃ on germination of 3 E. sativa lines

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图 4 Na₂CO₃溶液胁迫对3个芸芥品系种子萌发性状的影响

Figure 4. Effects of Na₂CO₃ on germination of 3 E. sativa lines

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表 1 NaCl胁迫下3个芸芥品系种子萌发期耐盐临界值和极限值

Table 1. Tolerance thresholds and limits of 3 E. sativa lines on NaCl

品系 Lines	耐盐临界值Salt tolerance threshold/（mmol·L⁻¹）							耐盐极限值Salt tolerance limit/（mmol·L⁻¹）							品系排序 Line sequence
品系 Lines	A	B	C	D	E	F	平均值 Mean	A	B	C	D	E	F	平均值 Mean	品系排序 Line sequence
15芸芥4 15yunjie4	244	173	141	212	174	168	185	336	239	209	306	247	245	264	1
11芸芥32-1 11 yunjie32-1	199	143	132	223	170	101	161	271	200	198	327	240	181	236	2
16芸芥9 16yunjie9	178	127	122	133	141	68	128	243	185	188	191	218	160	198	3
平均值 Mean	207	148	132	189	162	112	158	283	208	198	275	235	195	233
指标排序 Index sequence	1	4	5	2	3	6		1	4	5	2	3	6
注：A.发芽势；B.发芽指数；C.发芽率；D. 幼苗鲜重；E.胚根长；F.胚轴长. 表2~4同. Notes: A: germxsination potential; B: germination index; C: germination rate; D: fresh weight; E: radical length; F: hypocotyl length. Same for Table 2–4.

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表 2 Na₂SO₄胁迫下3个芸芥品系种子萌发期耐盐临界值和极限值

Table 2. Tolerance thresholds and limits of 3 E. sativa lines on Na₂SO₄

品系 Lines	耐盐临界值Salt tolerance threshold/（mmol·L⁻¹）							耐盐极限值Salt tolerance limit/（mmol·L⁻¹）							品系排序 Line sequence
品系 Lines	A	B	C	D	E	F	平均值 Mean	A	B	C	D	E	F	平均值 Mean	品系排序 Line sequence
15芸芥4 15yunjie4	120	84	81	84	99	59	88	178	121	120	121	135	105	130	1
11芸芥32-1 11 yunjie32-1	104	82	72	88	84	74	84	168	118	112	125	125	112	127	2
16芸芥9 16yunjie9	97	65	60	81	74	61	73	161	91	87	114	102	90	108	3
平均值 Mean	107	77	71	84	86	65	82	169	110	106	120	120	102	121
指标排序 Index sequence	1	4	5	3	2	6		1	3	4	2	2	5

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表 3 NaHCO₃胁迫下3个芸芥品系种子萌发期耐盐临界值和极限值

Table 3. Tolerance thresholds and limits of 3 E. sativa lines on NaHCO₃

品系 Lines	耐盐临界值Salt tolerance threshold/（mmol·L⁻¹）							耐盐极限值Salt tolerance limit/（mmol·L⁻¹）							品系排序 Line sequence
品系 Lines	A	B	C	D	E	F	平均值 Mean	A	B	C	D	E	F	平均值 Mean	品系排序 Line sequence
15芸芥4 15yunjie4	36	34	27	39	36	21	32	65	50	45	56	53	41	52	2
11芸芥32-1 11 yunjie32-1	34	25	25	28	28	17	26	62	35	35	37	38	29	39	3
16芸芥9 16yunjie9	40	27	28	72	64	23	42	67	38	40	107	95	37	64	1
平均值 Mean	37	29	27	46	43	20	34	65	41	40	67	62	36	52
指标排序 Index sequence	3	4	5	1	2	6		2	4	5	1	3	6

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表 4 Na₂CO₃胁迫下3个芸芥品系种子萌发期耐盐临界值和极限值

Table 4. Tolerance thresholds and limits of 3 E. sativa lines on Na₂CO₃

品系 Lines	耐盐临界值Salt tolerance threshold/（mmol·L⁻¹）							耐盐极限值Salt tolerance limit/（mmol·L⁻¹）							品系排序 Line sequence
品系 Lines	A	B	C	D	E	F	平均值 Mean	A	B	C	D	E	F	平均值 Mean	品系排序 Line sequence
15芸芥4 15yunjie4	17	15	13	21	17	15	16.3	25	21	20	28	24	21	23	1
11芸芥32-1 11 yunjie32-1	16	13	14	13	14	10	13.3	22	18	19	19	20	15	18.8	3
16芸芥9 16yunjie9	15	14	14	15	19	12	14.8	22	19	20	22	26	18	21	2
平均值 Mean	16	14	13.7	16.3	16.7	12.3	14.8	23	19.3	19.7	23	23.3	18	21
指标排序 Index sequence	3	4	5	2	1	6		2	4	3	2	1	5

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