喀斯特石漠化地区火龙果林退化对土壤生态酶化学计量指标的影响

王治福; 喻阳华; 熊康宁; 杨珊; 秦瑶; 李廷铃; 刘海燕

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.002.015

喀斯特石漠化地区火龙果林退化对土壤生态酶化学计量指标的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.002.015

贵州师范大学喀斯特研究院/国家喀斯特石漠化防治工程技术研究中心，贵州　贵阳　550001

基金项目: 贵州省科技计划重大专项（[2017]5411）；贵州省世界一流学科建设计划项目（[2019]125）

详细信息

作者简介:
王治福（1993−），男，硕士研究生，研究方向：喀斯特生态建设与区域经济（E-mail：wzfkst@163.com）

通讯作者:
熊康宁（1958−），男，教授，研究方向：喀斯特地貌与洞穴、世界遗产和石漠化治理（E-mail：xiongkn@163.com）

中图分类号: S 15
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-31
- 修回日期: 2022-01-28
- 刊出日期: 2022-02-25

Effects of Degrading Hylocereus undatus Forests in Karst Rocky Desertification Area on Soil Ecoenzymatic Stoichiometry

School of Karst Science/State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou　550001, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨喀斯特石漠化地区火龙果林土壤酶活性和生态酶化学计量的变化特征。方法以无退化（ND）、轻度退化（LD）、中度退化（MD）、重度退化（SD）4种不同退化火龙果（Hylocereus undatus）林为研究对象，采用单因素方差分析、双因素方差分析、皮尔逊相关分析和冗余分析（RDA）方法，研究0～30 cm 土层β-葡萄糖苷酶（βGC），N-乙酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）、亮氨酸氨基肽酶（LAP）和酸性磷酸酶（ACP）4种土壤酶活性及生态酶化学计量特征的变异规律。结果（1）土壤βGC和ACP总体上随退化加剧呈先升高后降低；NAG仅在10～20 cm和20～30 cm土层存在显著差异，而LAP表现为SD、MD显著大于ND；LAP+NAG活性总体呈上升趋势。（2）土壤酶C：N随退化加剧而降低，酶C：P和酶N：P均随退化加剧而一定程度增加，表明退化火龙果林资源利用策略发生一定改变。生态酶化学计量的矢量 L随退化加剧而变大，在 MD为最大值；矢量A随着退化加剧而降低，在SD为最小值，且矢量 A均小于45°，表明喀斯特石漠化地区火龙果林土壤微生物生长受N素限制。（3）RDA分析表明，土壤理化性质能够解释土壤酶及生态酶化学计量83.4%的变异，其中土壤AP和TN对土壤酶和生态酶化学计量影响最大，分别能够解释系统47.5%和24.3%的变异。结论喀斯特石漠化地区火龙果林土壤微生物受N限制，且随退化加剧N限制有所增加。火龙果林退化对土壤酶活性和生态酶化学计量的影响是通过调控土壤N、P养分来实现的。
- 土壤酶 /
- 退化 /
- 生态酶化学计量 /
- 火龙果 /
- 喀斯特石漠化
Abstract: Objective Changes in soil enzyme activities and ecoenzymatic stoichiometry of the degrading Hylocereus undatus forests in karst rocky desertification areas were investigated. Method Pitaya growing areas with varying degrees of degradation, i.e., no degradation (ND), light degradation (LD), moderate degradation (MD), and severe degradation (SD), were targeted for the study. One-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis, and redundancy analysis (RDA) were conducted to analyze the variations on the activities of β-glucosidase (βGC), N-acetyl-β-D-glucosidase (NAG), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), and acid phosphatase (ACP) as well as the ecoenzymatic stoichiometry in 0–30 cm soil layers at the sampling areas. Result (1) Among the soil enzymes, βGC and ACP generally increased followed by a decline with increased degree of degradation. NAG differed significantly only in the soils in 10–20 cm and 20–30 cm layers. LAP was greater in SD and MD than ND area. In general, the LAP+NAG activities increased with the progress of degradation. (2) Soil enzyme C:N decreased with increasing degradation, but the ratios of C:P and N:P increased to some extent, indicating changes occurred on resource utilization by the degraded pitaya forest. As the degradation deepened, the vector L of ecoenzymatic stoichiometry enlarged to maximize in MD; the vector A decreased to bottom out in SD; and all vectors A remained less than 45°, which suggested that the microbial growth in soil was restricted by N availability. (3) An RDA analysis indicated that the soil physicochemical properties could explain 83.4% of the variation in soil enzyme and ecoenzymatic stoichiometry, and that AP and TN were the key factors that covered 47.5% and 24.3%, respectively, of the variation. Conclusion The microorganisms in soil of degraded H. undatus forests in karst rocky desertification areas were N-limited. Such nutrient restriction further aggravated the degradation. Conceivably, the enzyme activities and ecoenzymatic stoichiometry of the degraded pitaya forest soil could be remedied and rejuvenated by proper N and P fertilization.
- soil enzymes /
- degradation /
- ecoenzymatic stoichiometry /
- Hylocereus undatus /
- karst rocky desertification

HTML全文

图 1 不同退化火龙果林土壤理化性质

注：不同大写字母表示同一土层内不同退化程度间差异显著，不同小写字母表示同一退化程度不同土层间差异显著（P＜0.05）；F：重要性，D：退化，S：土层，D×S：退化与土层交互作用，图2～3同。

Figure 1. Physiochemical properties of pitaya forests with varied degrees of degradation

Note: Data with different capital letters indicate significant differences between varied degrees of degradation in same soil layer; data with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different layers of soil with same degree of degradation (p＜0.05); F: Significance; D: degradation; S: soil layer, D×S: degradation and soil interaction; Same for Figs. 2 and 3.

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图 2 不同退化程度火龙果林土壤酶活性变化特征

Figure 2. Characteristic changes on soil enzyme activity of pitaya forests with varied degrees of degradation

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图 3 不同退化火龙果林土壤生态酶化学计量及矢量特征

Figure 3. Chemometric and vectorial characteristics of ecological enzymes in soils of pitaya forests with varied degrees of degradation

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图 4 土壤理化性质与酶活性、生态酶化学计量及矢量特征相关性

Figure 4. Correlation between physiochemical properties and enzyme activity, ecoenzymatic stoichiometry, and vector of soil

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图 5 土壤酶活性、生态酶化学计量及矢量特征的冗余分析

Figure 5. Redundant analysis on enzyme activity, ecoenzymatic stoichiometry, and vector of soil

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表 1 火龙果林退化程度划分标准

Table 1. Classification standards of pitaya forest degradation

指标 Dividing index	无退化 ND	轻度退化 LD	中度退化 MD	重度退化 SD
平均株高 Average plant height/m	＞1.7	1.5～1.7	＜1.5	＜1.5
平均冠幅 Average crown width/m	＞2	1.8～2	＜1.8	＜1.5
枝条颜色 Branch color	绿色为主 Mainly green	浅绿色为主 Mainly light green	浅黄色为主 Mainly light yellow	黄色为主 Mainly yellow
平均结果枝条 Average result branches	＞40	＜30	＜20	＜10
平均枝条长度 Average branch length/cm	＞130	110～130	＜110	＜90
平均枝条厚度 Average branch thickness/mm	＞6	＜5	＜5	＜5
枯枝率 Rate of dead branches/%	＜10	＞10	＞20	＞30
平均单果重 Average fruit weight/g	＞400	300～400	200～300	＜200

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