赤霉素与2,4-表油菜素内酯对苦荞灌浆及产量形成的影响

郭溶誉; 张新月; 李振东; 王晓静; 黄凯丰; 黄小燕

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.003.004

赤霉素与2,4-表油菜素内酯对苦荞灌浆及产量形成的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.003.004

贵州师范大学生命科学学院荞麦产业技术研究中心，贵州贵阳　550001

基金项目: 贵州省科技支撑计划项目（[2020]1Y048、[2021]一般271）；国家自然科学基金项目（32160510）；贵州省教育厅创新群体重大研究项目（黔教合KY 字[2018]015）；贵阳市科技计划项目（筑科合同[2019]11-6 号）

详细信息

作者简介:
郭溶誉（1997−），女，硕士研究生，研究方向：作物生理生态（E-mail：guory1997@163.com）

通讯作者:
黄凯丰（1979−），男，博士，教授，研究方向：作物生理生态（E-mail：hkf1979@163.com）

黄小燕（1967−），女，硕士，教授，研究方向：植物学（E-mail：huangxy666@126.com）

中图分类号: S 517
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-10-22
- 修回日期: 2022-03-07
- 网络出版日期: 2022-04-24
- 刊出日期: 2022-03-31

Effects of Gibberellin and 2, 4-epbrassinolide on Grain-filling and Yield of Tartary Buckwheat

Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou　550001, China

摘要

摘要: 目的明确赤霉素（GA₃）与2,4-表油菜素内酯（EBR）对苦荞灌浆及产量形成的影响。方法设置GA₃和EBR不同配比6个处理，研究其对苦荞强弱籽粒之间灌浆特性和淀粉合成酶活性之间的差异，灌浆阶段叶片中抗氧化酶活性和光合特性的变化，以及对农艺性状及产量的影响。结果单施GA₃处理与清水对照相比，显著增加了苦荞的百粒重以及籽粒中腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶和可溶性淀粉合成酶的活性、叶片的抗氧化酶活性、净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率，显著提高了单株及最终的产量。80 mg·L⁻¹ GA₃配施不同质量浓度的EBR处理时，随EBR施用量的增加，苦荞强势粒的淀粉合成酶活性、叶片抗氧化酶活性、光合特性、主茎分枝数、主茎直径、单株粒数、单株粒重和产量均表现为先增加后降低；苦荞的主茎节数和株高呈持续增加的变化趋势；弱势粒的淀粉合成酶活性则呈持续下降的变化趋势。结论赤霉素配施适宜的2,4-表油菜素内酯处理（80 mg·L⁻¹ GA₃+0.5 mg·L⁻¹ EBR）能促进苦荞强势粒的灌浆，延缓叶片衰老，提高粒重与最终的产量。
- 苦荞 /
- 2,4-表油菜素内酯 /
- 赤霉素 /
- 产量
Abstract: Objective Effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) and 2, 4-ebrassinolide (EBR) on grain-filling and yield of Tartary buckwheat were studied. Method Grain-filling and starch synthase activity of dominant and weak Tartary buckwheat grains under 6 treatments of GA3 and/or EBR were compared. Antioxidant enzyme activity and photosynthetic properties of the leaves during grain-filling stage and agronomic traits associated with grain yield of the plants were monitored. Result Compared to control, GA3 alone significantly increased the 100-grain weight and activities of adenosine diphosphate glucose coke phosphorylase and soluble starch synthase in the grains as well as the antioxidant enzyme activities, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate in the leaves. It also significantly increased the yield per plant and final grain yield. Increasing EBR application, on the other hand, increased the activities of starch synthase, leaf antioxidant enzymes, leaf photosynthetic characteristics, main stem branch number and diameter, grains per plant, grain weight per plant, and final grain yield initially but declined after reaching a peak. Meanwhile, the number of main stem nodes and plant height rose and the starch synthase activity of the weak grains lowered continuously. Conclusion By combining GA3 at the rate of 80 mg·L⁻¹ and EBR at 0.5 mg·L⁻¹ for treating Tartary buckwheat, the grain-filling of dominant grains was enhanced, the leaf senescence delayed, and the grain weight and final yield increased.
- Tartary buckwheat /
- 2,4-epbrassinolide /
- gibberellin /
- yield

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表 1 赤霉素与2,4-表油菜素内酯对苦荞籽粒增重过程的影响

Table 1. Effect of GA₃ and EBR treatments on weight gain of buckwheat grains

粒位 Grain position	处理 Treatment	籽粒百粒干重 Dry weight of 100 grains/g
粒位 Grain position	处理 Treatment	7 d	14 d	21 d	28 d	35 d
强势粒 Superior grain	CK	0.47e	1.81e	2.07c	2.35b	2.26d
	T1	0.54c	1.87d	2.11b	2.36b	2.35c
	T2	0.54c	2.08b	2.12b	2.43a	2.45b
	T3	0.64a	2.18a	2.23a	2.44a	2.49a
	T4	0.58b	2.09b	2.11b	2.43a	2.46b
	T5	0.50d	2.01c	2.04d	2.36b	2.33c
弱势粒 Inferior grain	CK	0.29b	0.41a	0.66b	1.31b	1.82b
	T1	0.32a	0.42a	0.69a	1.39a	1.87a
	T2	0.29b	0.40b	0.64c	1.27c	1.78c
	T3	0.28b	0.40b	0.63c	1.28c	1.73d
	T4	0.26c	0.39b	0.63c	1.28c	1.68e
	T5	0.22d	0.37c	0.59d	1.18d	1.53f
注：同列数字后不同字母表示显著差异（P＜0.05），下表同。 Note: The different letters after the numbers in the same column indicate significant difference (P＜0.05)，the same table below.

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表 2 赤霉素与2,4-表油菜素内酯对苦荞籽粒灌浆参数的影响

Table 2. Effect of GA₃ and EBR treatments on buckwheat grain-filling parameters

粒位 Grain location	处理 Treatment	A	B	K	N	R²	R₀	T_max.G/d	V_max/（g· hd⁻¹)
强势粒 Superior grain	CK	2.264 d	1.203 c	0.324 d	0.088 b	0.989 6 b	3.68 e	8.06 a	0.22 d
	T1	2.323 c	1.174 d	0.320 e	0.101 a	0.990 7 a	3.17 f	7.68 c	0.23 d
	T2	2.359 b	1.220 b	0.391 b	0.063 c	0.976 4 c	6.18 c	7.58 d	0.26 c
	T3	2.402 a	1.220 b	0.422 a	0.058 d	0.985 5 b	7.24 b	7.20 e	0.28 b
	T4	2.356 b	1.272 a	0.378 c	0.066 c	0.973 4	5.77 d	7.84 b	0.23 d
	T5	2.260 d	1.164 e	0.427 a	0.055 d	0.976 6 c	7.79 a	7.16 f	0.30 a
弱势粒 Inferior grain	CK	16.749 a	0.626 d	0.079 d	0.138 e	0.988 7 a	0.57 d	19.21 a	0.20 a
	T1	6.852 d	0.580 f	0.125 a	0.165 b	0.979 0 c	0.76 a	10.05 f	0.12 d
	T2	14.798 b	0.605 e	0.085 c	0.142 d	0.987 0 a	0.60 c	17.07 c	0.18 b
	T3	7.528 c	0.721 a	0.080 c	0.158 c	0.983 3 b	0.51 e	18.93 b	0.14 c
	T4	5.469 e	0.671 c	0.103 b	0.165 b	0.982 4 b	0.63 b	13.60 d	0.12 d
	T5	4.046 f	0.693 b	0.110 b	0.169 a	0.983 5 b	0.65 b	12.83 e	0.10 e
注：A：终极生长量；B：初值参数；K：生长速率参数；N：形状参数； R²：判断系数；表示其配合度；R₀：灌浆起始势；T_max.G：达到最大灌浆速率的时间；V_max：最大灌浆速率。 Note: A: Final weight of 1000 grain; B: The initial parameter; K: The growth-rate parameter; N: The shape parameter; R²: The compatibility; R₀: The initial grouting potential; T_max.G: The time to reach the maximum grouting rate; V_max: The maximum grouting rate.

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表 3 赤霉素与2,4-表油菜素内酯对苦荞籽粒灌浆速率的影响

Table 3. Effect of GA₃ and EBR treatments on buckwheat grain-filling rate

粒位 Grain location	处理 Treatment	前期 Early filling stage		中期 Middle filling stage		后期 Later filling stage
粒位 Grain location	处理 Treatment	平均速率 average rate/ (g·hd⁻¹)	贡献率 contribution/ %	平均速率 average rate/ (g·hd⁻¹)	贡献率 contribution/ %	平均速率 average rate/ (g·hd⁻¹)	贡献率 contribution/ %
强势粒 Superior grain	CK	0.10 bc	20.90 c	0.24 d	64.69 a	0.03 b	14.19 b
	T1	0.09 c	18.41 d	0.24 d	65.38 a	0.03 b	15.94 a
	T2	0.11 b	24.04 b	0.29 b	63.05 c	0.03 b	12.73 c
	T3	0.12 ab	24.54 b	0.32 a	62.70 c	0.04 a	12.57 c
	T4	0.13 a	28.27 a	0.27 c	61.12 d	0.03 b	10.49 d
	T5	0.09 bc	20.03 c	0.31 a	64.15 b	0.04 a	15.56 a
弱势粒 Inferior grain	CK	0.04 b	1.58 d	0.11 a	17.12 d	0.21 a	57.17 a
	T1	0.08 a	2.03 c	0.06 d	14.05 f	0.12 c	50.54 f
	T2	0.04 b	1.52 d	0.09 b	14.81 e	0.19 b	54.77 e
	T3	0.04 b	3.25 a	0.09 b	31.91 a	0.09 d	55.15 d
	T4	0.04 b	2.83 b	0.07 c	25.52 c	0.09 d	56.72 c
	T5	0.04 b	3.23 a	0.06 d	28.81 b	0.07 e	55.79 b

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表 4 赤霉素与2,4-表油菜素内酯对苦荞籽粒淀粉合成酶活性的影响

Table 4. Effect of GA₃ and EBR treatments on starch synthase activity in buckwheat grains

指标 Item	粒位 Grain location	处理 Treatment	7 d	14 d	21 d	28 d	35 d
腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸 ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase /( U·g⁻¹·min⁻¹)	强势粒 Superior grain	CK	0.69 e	1.26 e	1.65 f	1.30 c	1.09 c
		T1	0.96 c	1.68 d	2.26 e	1.31 c	1.15 b
		T2	0.95 c	1.76 c	2.35 d	1.34 b	1.16 b
		T3	1.29 a	2.39 a	2.85 a	1.38 a	1.21 a
		T4	1.00 b	1.84 b	2.71 b	1.17 d	1.08 c
		T5	0.91 d	1.67 d	2.40 c	1.09 e	1.05 d
	弱势粒 Inferior grain	CK	0.38 a	0.71 a	1.42 a	1.76 a	1.30 a
		T1	0.38 a	0.67 b	1.18 b	1.70 b	1.24 b
		T2	0.37 ab	0.58 c	1.05 c	1.65 c	1.05 c
		T3	0.36 b	0.52 d	1.02 d	1.57 d	0.93 d
		T4	0.35 bc	0.44 e	0.95 e	1.50 e	0.92 d
		T5	0.34 c	0.41 f	0.81 f	1.42 f	0.88 f
可溶性淀粉合成酶 Soluble starch synthase/ (U·mg⁻¹·min⁻¹)	强势粒 Superior grain	CK	3.27 e	5.27 d	11.51 d	9.99 d	2.60 e
		T1	4.24 d	6.79 c	13.15 c	10.87 c	3.57 d
		T2	4.66 c	7.42 b	13.44 b	11.38 b	3.80 b
		T3	5.40 a	8.49 a	15.24 a	11.67 a	3.84 a
		T4	4.71 b	7.59 b	11.40 d	9.96 d	3.72 c
		T5	4.24 d	6.85 c	10.75 e	9.62 e	2.19 f
	弱势粒 Inferior grain	CK	3.13 a	7.12 a	9.18 a	7.29 a	3.31 a
		T1	2.90 b	6.82 b	8.87 b	6.89 b	3.02 b
		T2	2.64 c	6.34 c	8.18 c	6.81 b	2.89 c
		T3	2.43 d	5.86 d	7.92 d	6.62 c	2.85 c
		T4	2.38 d	5.83 d	7.77 e	6.49 d	2.79 d
		T5	1.92 e	3.61 e	7.24 f	6.26 e	2.63 e

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表 5 赤霉素与2,4-表油菜素内酯对苦荞叶片抗氧化酶活性的影响

Table 5. Effect of GA₃ and EBR treatments on antioxidant enzyme activities in buckwheat leaves

指标 Item	处理 Treatment	7 d	14 d	21 d	28 d	35 d
超氧化物歧化酶 Superoxide dismutase /(U·g⁻¹·h⁻¹)	CK	280.62 e	409.97 b	379.15 c	284.85 f	256.76 e
	T1	320.10 c	436.36 a	394.64 a	307.04 e	283.54 d
	T2	321.10 c	406.97 c	386.25 b	309.62 d	284.07 d
	T3	323.39 b	402.14 d	367.53 d	368.39 a	313.66 a
	T4	344.36 a	383.56 e	349.46 e	354.76 b	309.36 b
	T5	292.37 d	313.16 f	324.93 f	334.28 c	307.66 c
过氧化物酶 Peroxidase/ (U·g⁻¹·h⁻¹)	CK	1.32 c	1.61 b	1.81 d	4.82 e	1.91 f
	T1	1.35 c	1.66 a	3.10 a	8.33 b	2.62 d
	T2	1.34 c	1.59 b	2.85 b	8.39 b	2.56 e
	T3	1.53 b	1.55 c	1.88 c	8.79 a	2.79 c
	T4	2.08 a	1.45 d	1.84 c	7.51 c	4.64 a
	T5	1.53 b	1.40 e	1.77 e	6.71 d	2.96 b

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表 6 赤霉素与2,4-表油菜素内酯对苦荞叶片光合特性的影响

Table 6. Effect of GA₃ and EBR treatments on photosynthetic properties of buckwheat leaves

指标 Item	处理 Treatment	7 d	14 d	21 d	28 d	35 d
净光合速率 P_n/（μmol · m⁻²·s⁻¹）	CK	10.678 b	14.010 b	12.028 d	3.017 e	1.650 d
	T1	11.833 a	14.823 a	12.149 c	3.988 d	2.007 c
	T2	11.723 a	13.269 c	12.248 b	4.212 c	2.071 c
	T3	10.597 b	13.192 c	12.541 a	6.668 a	2.364 a
	T4	8.972 c	12.877 d	11.439 e	5.715 b	2.100 b
	T5	8.666 c	12.894 d	9.459 f	4.154 c	2.353 a
气孔导度 G_s/（mol·m⁻²·s⁻¹）	CK	0.266 d	0.415 e	0.108 e	0.082 f	0.053 e
	T1	0.273 d	0.451 c	0.398 b	0.180 c	0.081 d
	T2	0.333 c	0.514 b	0.429 a	0.111 e	0.107 c
	T3	0.406 a	0.518 a	0.434 a	0.265 a	0.147 a
	T4	0.392 a	0.515 b	0.329 c	0.196 b	0.114 b
	T5	0.374 b	0.430 d	0.310 d	0.155 d	0.098 c
蒸腾速率 T_r/（mmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹）	CK	1.216 f	3.686 f	3.084 d	0.739 e	0.501 c
	T1	1.242 e	3.985 e	3.247 c	1.602 b	0.578 b
	T2	1.363 d	4.506 c	3.361 c	1.088 d	0.606 b
	T3	1.838 a	5.257 a	4.884 a	2.156 a	0.870 a
	T4	1.537 b	5.026 b	4.255 b	1.360 c	0.425 d
	T5	1.425 c	4.368 d	4.230 b	1.156 d	0.403 e

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表 7 赤霉素与2,4-表油菜素内酯对苦荞农艺性状及产量的影响

Table 7. Effect of GA₃ and EBR treatments on agronomic traits and yield of buckwheat

处理 Treatment	主茎节数 Number of nodes of main stem	主茎分枝数 number of main stem branching	主茎直径 Diameter of the main stem/mm	株高 stem height/cm	单株粒数 number of Grains per plant	单株粒重 Number of weight per plant/g	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g	产量 Yield/ （kg·hm⁻²）
CK	14.3d	7.7c	4.58e	109.66e	350.4d	6.64d	17.94d	1515.78d
T1	15.3c	8.3b	4.83d	125.91d	375.7c	6.87c	18.24c	1598.92c
T2	17.7b	8.3b	4.90d	137.40c	385.1b	7.30b	19.12b	1698.78b
T3	18.0ab	9.0a	5.93a	147.64b	406.5a	7.41a	19.63a	1792.51a
T4	18.0ab	7.3d	5.54b	154.63a	342.2e	6.18e	17.19e	1458.10e
T5	18.7a	7.0e	5.16c	157.71a	283.3f	5.45f	16.25f	1387.73f

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赤霉素与2,4-表油菜素内酯对苦荞灌浆及产量形成的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.003.004

作者简介:
郭溶誉（1997−），女，硕士研究生，研究方向：作物生理生态（E-mail：guory1997@163.com）

通讯作者:
黄凯丰（1979−），男，博士，教授，研究方向：作物生理生态（E-mail：hkf1979@163.com）

黄小燕（1967−），女，硕士，教授，研究方向：植物学（E-mail：huangxy666@126.com）

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Effects of Gibberellin and 2, 4-epbrassinolide on Grain-filling and Yield of Tartary Buckwheat

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赤霉素与2,4-表油菜素内酯对苦荞灌浆及产量形成的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.003.004

作者简介: 郭溶誉（1997−），女，硕士研究生，研究方向：作物生理生态（E-mail：guory1997@163.com）

通讯作者: 黄凯丰（1979−），男，博士，教授，研究方向：作物生理生态（E-mail：hkf1979@163.com） 黄小燕（1967−），女，硕士，教授，研究方向：植物学（E-mail：huangxy666@126.com）

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Effects of Gibberellin and 2, 4-epbrassinolide on Grain-filling and Yield of Tartary Buckwheat

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作者简介:
郭溶誉（1997−），女，硕士研究生，研究方向：作物生理生态（E-mail：guory1997@163.com）

通讯作者:
黄凯丰（1979−），男，博士，教授，研究方向：作物生理生态（E-mail：hkf1979@163.com）

黄小燕（1967−），女，硕士，教授，研究方向：植物学（E-mail：huangxy666@126.com）