菌渣还田对反季节栽培淮山品质、产量及土壤性状的影响

刘国敏; 韦绍丽; 覃维治; 黄开航; 黄卓忠; 廖玉娇; 陈丽新; 韦荣昌

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.003.005

菌渣还田对反季节栽培淮山品质、产量及土壤性状的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.003.005

1.
广西农业科学院经济作物研究所，广西南宁　530007
2.
广西农业科学院玉米研究所，广西南宁　530007
3.
南宁市邕宁区那楼镇农林水利综合服务中心，广西南宁　530020
4.
广西农业科学院微生物研究所，广西南宁　530007

基金项目: 国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（nycytxgxcxtd-03-11-01）；广西农业科学院科技发展基金（2015JZ122）；南宁市邕宁区科学研究与技术开发计划项目（20160101A、20190002）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘国敏（1989−），女，助理研究员，研究方向：薯类栽培育种（E-mail：1158593947@qq.com）

通讯作者:
覃维治（1977−），男，副研究员，研究方向：薯类栽培育种（E-mail：664725866@qq.com）

中图分类号: S 318
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-02
- 修回日期: 2022-03-07
- 网络出版日期: 2022-03-21
- 刊出日期: 2022-03-31

Effects of Returning Mushroom Discards to Field on Soil and Quality and Yield of Off-season Cultivated Yams

1.
Cash Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi　530007, China
2.
Microbiology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi　530007, China
3.
Maize Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi　530007, China
4.
Nalou Town Agricultural Technique Extension Station of Yongning District, Nanning, Guangxi　530020, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究菌渣还田对反季节栽培淮山产质量及土壤养分的影响，为淮山高产优质栽培和菌渣合理还田提供理论依据。方法以那淮1号为试验材料，设置4个不同的试验处理：T1（菌渣）、T2（有机肥）、T3（菌渣+有机肥），CK（空白对照）。结果不同处理能显著提高淮山产量，T3的产量最高，达39328.63 kg·hm⁻²， T1、T2、T3分别较CK增产15.53%、17.92%、26.53%；不同处理能够显著提高淮山块茎淀粉含量，T3最高，达到30.84%，显著高于其他处理；氨基酸含量为2.38～2.47 %；可溶性糖含量以T2最高；总皂甙含量与淀粉含量的变化趋势基本一致，以T3最高，达0.46 mg·g⁻¹；T1、T2、T3淮山叶片叶绿素含量在出苗后10～160 d不同生长期均比CK高，其中 T3的叶绿素含量最高，下降最缓慢； T1、T2、T3均能提高土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机质含量，其中T3能显著提高土壤碱解氮、速效钾、有机质含量及土壤pH值。结论菌渣+有机肥（T3）处理优于单菌渣或生物有机肥还田，能显著提高淮山产量，改善淮山品质，改良土壤性状。
- 菌渣 /
- 有机肥 /
- 淮山 /
- 产量 /
- 土壤性状
Abstract: Objective Effects of returning mushroom discards to the field on soil and quality and yield of off-season cultivated yams were investigated. Method In a field experimentation Nahuai No. 1 yams were planted off-season on lots added with mushroom discards (T1), an organic fertilizer (T2), mushroom discards + an organic fertilizer (T3), or blank control (CK) to determine the quality and yield of the yams grown on them. Result The treatments significantly increased the tuber yield over CK with T3 delivered the greatest at 39,328.63 kg·hm⁻², which was significantly higher than other treatments—T1 increased by 15.53%, T2 by 17.92%, and T3 by 26.53%. The starch content in the tubers increased with T3 producing the significantly highest at 30.84%; the amino acids ranged between 2.38% and 2.47%; the highest soluble sugars came from yams grown on T2; the highest saponin among all at 0.46 mg·g⁻¹; and the leaf chlorophyll heightened in 10-160d after emergence with the highest peak value and the slowest on declining under T3. The treatments, especially T3, also altered the soil nutrients increasing the available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and organic matters, while balanced the pH. Conclusion By returning mushroom discards with added organic fertilizer to the soil, T3 significantly improved the yield and quality of the yams grown on the treated land.
- Mushroom discards /
- organic fertilizer /
- yam /
- quality /
- soil properties

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图 1 菌渣还田对反季节淮山SPAD 值的影响

Figure 1. Effect of returning mushroom discards to soil on SPAD of off-season cultivated yams

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表 1 不同处理土壤理化性质

Table 1. Physiochemical properties of soil under treatments

处理 Treatment	碱解氮 Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen/%	速效磷 Available phosphorus/ %	速效钾 Available potassium/ %	有机质 Arganic matter/ %
T1	1.69	0.91	0.56	59.00
T2	3.93	2.58	2.36	75.40
T3	3.54	1.32	1.21	53.00

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表 2 菌渣还田对淮山农艺性状及产量的影响

Table 2. Effects of returning mushroom discards to soil on agronomic characteristics and yield of yams

处理 Treatment	薯块长度 Length of yam/cm	薯块茎粗 Thick yam tuber/mm	单株产量 Yield per plant/kg	产量 Yield/（kg·hm⁻²）
CK	103.11±3.94 a	44.13±1.57 b	1.46 ±0.06 c	31081.55±1288.02 c
T1	103.60±3.08 a	48.16±0.63 a	1.68 ±0.05 b	35908.46±1116.32 b
T2	98.32±1.14 a	48.47±0.85 a	1.72 ±0.04 b	36650.72±726.10 b
T3	100.31±2.23 a	50.87±0.11 a	1.84 ±0.04 a	39328.63±794.77 a
注: 不同小写字母表示差异显著( p＜0. 05) ，下同。 Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences(p＜0.05). The same as below.

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表 3 菌渣还田对淮山品质的影响

Table 3. Effect of returning mushroom discards to soil on yam quality

处理 Treatment	淀粉 Starch/%	蛋白质 Portein/%	氨基酸总量 Total amino acids/%	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar/%	总皂甙 Saponins/（mg·g⁻¹）
CK	27.92±0.19 c	3.35±0.03 b	2.30±0.05 b	0.41±0.01 b	0.33±0.55 c
T1	28.54±0.10 b	3.38±0.03 b	2.38±0.02 a	0.42±0.03 b	0.38±0.22 b
T2	28.61±0.17 b	3.39±0.02 b	2.47±0.02 a	0.50±0.03 a	0.38±0.20 b
T3	30.84±0.28 a	3.46±0.03 a	2.42±0.04 a	0.49±0.03 a	0.46±0.76 a

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表 4 菌渣还田对土壤性状的影响

Table 4. Effect of returning mushroom discards to soil on soil properties

处理 Treatment	碱解氮 Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen/ （mg·kg⁻¹）	有效磷 Available phosphorus/ （mg·kg⁻¹）	速效钾 Available potassium/ （mg·kg⁻¹）	有机质 Arganic matter/ （g·kg⁻¹）	pH
CK	57.00±6.49 d	11.19±0.72 b	201.87±26.00 c	8.27±0.90 c	4.00±0.01 b
T1	76.87±3.74 c	12.12±0.23 a	396.60±10.64 b	12.71±0.76 b	4.28±0.09 a
T2	102.98±9.91 b	12.77±0.48 a	422.47±6.42 b	13.40±1.18 b	3.98±0.15 b
T3	116.77±3.25 a	11.45±1.25 b	484.80±14.50 a	16.48±0.95 a	4.34±0.02 a

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