茶树鲜叶氨基酸含量与土壤养分的相关性

彭启良; 赵璇; 许普祯; 李媛媛; 杜欣欣; 林添水; 李锦梁; 张金超; 连志萍; 林金科

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.003.010

茶树鲜叶氨基酸含量与土壤养分的相关性

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.003.010

1.
福建农林大学园艺学院，福建　福州　350002
2.
福建省安溪县气象局，福建　泉州　362400

基金项目: 福建省安溪县现代农业产业园协同创新中心项目（KMD18003A）；泉州市科技计划项目（2019N117S）；安溪县人民政府科技资助项目（KH1500790、K1515059A）

详细信息

作者简介:
彭启良（1996−），男，硕士研究生，研究方向：茶树栽培育种与生物技术（E-mail：863764215@qq.com）

通讯作者:
林金科（1967−），男，教授，研究方向：茶树生物化学与分子生物学（E-mail：ljk213@163.com）

中图分类号: S 571.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-01-05
- 修回日期: 2022-03-05
- 网络出版日期: 2022-04-24
- 刊出日期: 2022-03-31

Correlation between Amino Acids Content of Fresh Tea Leaves and Nutrients in Soil

1.
College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 35002, China
2.
Anxi County Meteorological Bureau of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian 362400, China

摘要

摘要: 目的系统分析土壤养分与秋季茶树鲜叶氨基酸含量的相关性，确定适合秋季茶树氨基酸合成和积累的最佳土壤生长环境。方法根据变量投影重要性筛选出对秋季茶树鲜叶氨基酸含量具有显著影响的土壤养分指标，运用偏最小二乘回归分析建立线性规划方程组，用LINGGO软件求解得出有利于茶树鲜叶氨基酸合成和积累的土壤养分优化方案。结果土壤养分各指标间存在多重共线性，茶树鲜叶氨基酸含量与土壤养分存在相关性；有利于茶树鲜叶氨基酸积累的土壤养分最优值分别为pH4.39~4.85，有机质31.91 g·kg⁻¹（牛磺酸和甘氨酸的最优值为34.6 g·kg⁻¹），全磷0.44~0.52 g·kg⁻¹，全钾20.01 g·kg⁻¹，全氮1.73~2.13 g·kg⁻¹，速效磷178.27~219.77 mg·kg⁻¹，速效钾180.38~196.54 mg·kg⁻¹和速效氮73.22~143.48 mg·kg⁻¹。结论不同土壤养分对秋季茶树鲜叶氨基酸组分及含量影响不同，在茶园栽培管理中，多施有机肥、提高土壤速效养分含量、改良酸化土壤、增施氮肥，特别是速效氮，能够提高秋季茶树鲜叶氨基酸含量。
- 茶树鲜叶 /
- 氨基酸含量 /
- 土壤养分 /
- 偏最小二乘回归 /
- 线性规划
Abstract: Objective Correlation between soil nutrients and amino acids content of fresh tea leaves in autumn was analyzed to optimize the cultivation. Method Based on the projected importance of variables, indices on soil nutrients that significantly affect the amino acids in fresh tea leaves were used in a partial least squares regression analysis to establish linear programming equations. A scheme to optimize the amino acids synthesis and accumulation in tea leaves through soil management was formulated using LINGGO software. Result Correlations between the amino acids in fresh tea leaves and the nutrients in the cultivation soil were obtained. The optimal soil pH for amino acids accumulation in tea leaves was in the range of 4.39 and 4.85, the organic matters at 31.91g·kg⁻¹ (that for taurine and glycine, 34.6 g·kg⁻¹), the total phosphorus 0.44–0.52 g·kg⁻¹, the total potassium at 20.01 g·kg⁻¹, the total nitrogen 1.73–2.13 g·kg⁻¹, the available phosphorus 178.27–219.77 mg·kg⁻¹, the available potassium 180.38–196.54 mg·kg⁻¹, and the available nitrogen 73.22–143.48 mg·kg⁻¹. Conclusion Different soil nutrients affected the composition of tea leave amino acids differently. A plantation managed to use organic fertilizer, mitigate acidification, and apply ample nutrients, especially available nitrogen, in the cultivation soil could significantly increase the amino acids content in tea leaves harvested in autumn.
- fresh tea leaves /
- amino acid content /
- soil nutrients /
- partial least squares regression /
- linear programming

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图 1 土壤养分对氨基酸含量影响的变量投影重要性

Figure 1. Projected importance of variables of soil nutrients on tea leaf amino acid content

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表 1 采样点信息

Table 1. Information on sampling site

采样点 Sample site	茶庄园 The tea plantation	经度 Longitude （E）	纬度 Latitude （N）	海拔 Altitude /m
1	西坪镇珠洋村八马茶场 Bama tea plantation in Zhuyang Village of Xiping Town	117°51′56″	25°0′13″	698
2	西坪镇珠洋村八马茶场 Bama tea plantation in Zhuyang Village of Xiping Town	117°52′70″	25°0′24″	750
3	西坪镇松岩村魏荫茶园 Weiyin tea plantation in Songyan Village of Xiping Town	127°54′35″	24°59′59″	840
4	芦田镇福岭村国营茶场 State-owned tea farm in Fuling Village of Lutian Town	117°53′20″	25°2′48″	760
5	芦田镇福岭村国营茶场 State-owned tea farm in Fuling Village of Lutian Town	117°52′53″	25°2′48″	750
6	龙涓乡举源村合作社茶园 Cooperative tea plantation in Juyuan Village of Longjuan Town	117°48′55″	24°57′37″	810
7	龙涓乡举源村合作社茶园 Cooperative tea plantation in Juyuan Village of Longjuan Town	117°48′55″	24°57′25″	810
8	祥华乡福洋村冠和茶园 Guanhe tea plantation in Fuyang Village of Xianghua Town	117°42′17″	25°14′57″	1350
9	感德镇霞云村茶园 Tea plantation in Xiayun Village of Gande Town	117°53′4″	25°19′54″	635
10	尚卿乡黄岭村国心绿谷茶庄园 Guoxinlvgu tea plantation in Huangling Village of Shangqing Town	117°57′59″	25°11′41″	950
11	龙涓乡珠塔村华祥苑生态茶庄园 Huaxiangyuan ecological tea plantation in Zhuta Village of Longjuan Town	117°40′28″	24°58′50″	870

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表 2 梯度洗脱程序

Table 2. Gradient elution for amino acids separation

时间 Time/min	流速 Velocity/ （mL·min⁻¹）	流动相A Mobile phase A/%	流动相B Mobile phase B/%
0.00	0.70	99.9	0.1
0.54	0.70	99.9	0.1
5.74	0.70	90.9	9.1
7.74	0.70	78.8	21.2
8.04	0.70	40.4	59.6
8.05	0.70	10.0	90.0
8.64	0.70	10.0	90.0
8.73	0.70	99.9	0.1
9.50	0.70	99.9	0.1

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表 3 氨基酸组分及含量分析

Table 3. Amino acids and contents

取样点　　　　　 Sites	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
牛磺酸 Tau	13.04±0.54de	15.73±0.23a	12.15±0.18 ef	15.03±0.39 ab	15.55±0.61a	14.08±0.17bc	14.23±0.78bc	13.98±0.27cd	11.22±0.61fg	12.71±0.57e	12.07±0.54ef
丝氨酸 Ser	91.16±1.49a	91.16±1.49a	83.98±1.21b	85.29±0.14b	62.39±0.88cd	59.82±2.66de	56.73±0.15fg	59.68±2.09def	60.52±0.89de	56.57±2.06g	53.32±0.94h
精氨酸 Arg	46.43±0.74cd	68.37±1.11a	63.40±0.80b	64.22±0.42b	46.71±0.62cd	44.86±1.99d	42.46±0.07f	44.76±1.57de	45.39±0.66d	42.43±1.54f	39.99±0.71g
甘氨酸 Gly	7.13±0.31f	10.85±0.28c	9.08±0.06d	9.06±0.18d	8.82±0.27de	13.23±0.45a	10.46±0.31c	8.25±0.32e	6.28±0.13g	6.32±0.26g	13.71±0.46a
天冬氨酸 Asp	20.86±0.03d	30.99±0.51a	27.99±1.25b	29.57±0.97a	21.29±0.36c	20.34±0.90cde	19.49±0.40def	20.29±0.71cde	20.58±0.30 cde	19.23±0.70ef	18.13±0.32f
谷氨酸 Glu	123.88±0.07a	123.43±2.14a	117.01±1.80b	118.97±1.07b	75.82±0.45fg	77.24±0.36def	76.44±0.73ef	79.12±0.66d	76.71±1.29 def	73.56±2.66g	78.51±1.20de
苏氨酸 Thr	39.21±0.45b	40.77±0.43 ab	40.34±0.75 ab	41.35±0.98a	27.52±0.87de	26.65±0.58ef	26.94±0.40ef	27.49±0.47de	25.76±0.92f	26.90±1.04ef	26.81±0.98ef
酪氨酸 Tyr	17.52±0.67cd	19.92±0.17b	15.65±0.03g	21.79±0.52a	15.98±0.58fg	16.26±0.27efg	16.78±0.48de	16.59±0.26ef	12.31±0.27i	13.79±0.09h	11.79±0.28i
脯氨酸 Pro	52.88±0.28a	52.29±1.07 ab	51.04±0.66b	50.93±0.97b	36.32±0.40cd	37.02±0.37c	36.02±0.25cd	34.07±0.48g	34.21±0.72ef	34.47±1.46ef	35.99±0.40cd
γ-氨基丁酸 GABA	29.80±0.43a	29.28±0.60 ab	28.58±0.37b	28.52±0.55b	20.32±0.23c	20.73±0.21c	20.17±0.14c	19.08±0.27d	19.16±0.40d	19.30±0.82d	20.15±0.22c
茶氨酸 Thea	413.56±1.92a	404.98±6.34b	389.10±3.27c	402.22±2.20b	253.52±1.65 defg	259.66±5.28d	251.99±2.91 defgh	252.45±2.74 defg	248.72±5.79 fgh	254.24±3.56defg	250.66±0.92 efgh
缬氨酸 Val	36.12±1.16a	31.17±0.23b	32.79±2.57b	32.72±1.00b	15.18±0.51cde	14.96±0.12 cdef	15.97±0.86c	13.57±0.54efg	12.76±0.24g	14.48±0.48 cdefg	13.94±0.48 defg
赖氨酸 Lys	5.05±0.04de	12.27±0.22a	5.69±0.04d	12.57±0.19a	4.98±0.13de	11.34±0.38b	10.03±0.14c	12.02±0.32ab	4.85±0.68e	4.54±0.19e	4.40±0.16e
组氨酸 His	51.26±0.24b	53.41±0.38b	53.14±0.20b	59.05±0.97a	45.19±1.97c	40.90±0.87d	35.35±3.84e	30.91±0.77f	34.14±0.67ef	40.90±4.40d	34.35±0.54ef
丙氨酸 Ala	7.03±0.22a	5.26±0.12c	3.74±0.03 fg	3.32±0.07h	3.48±0.05h	3.98±0.02f	3.53±0.13gh	4.79±0.10d	4.55±0.12de	2.95±0.05i	3.75±0.17fg
异亮氨酸 Ile	9.50±0.01ab	8.39±0.27c	8.29±0.21c	8.78±0.02 bc	6.65±0.07de	7.14±0.10d	8.25±0.94c	9.94±0.16a	5.92±0.38e	9.98±0.88a	6.78±0.79de
亮氨酸 Leu	11.13±0.47b	12.71±0.64a	11.6±0.56b	12.78±0.27a	9.26±0.48c	9.35±0.02c	1.93±0.25f	6.11±0.03d	8.63±1.02c	2.06±0.02f	8.72±0.78c
苯丙氨酸 Phe	2.72±0.05 bcd	3.28±0.49a	2.78±0.07 bc	3.28±0.17a	2.62±0.06 bcde	2.7±0.10bcd	2.48±0.22cde	3.39±0.16a	2.36±0.07de	3.42±0.31a	2.25±0.05e
氨基酸总量 Total amino acid	978.27±6.14b	1014.26±8.92 a	956.37±9.86c	999.46±5.9a	671.59±8.99de	680.27±2.35d	649.24±1.59fg	656.5±2.32ef	634.07±8.31gh	637.86±11.18gh	635.33±4.6gh
注：同行数据后不同字母代表氨基酸含量差异显著（P＜0.05），数字1-11代表各茶庄园同表1。 Note: Different lowercase letters in the same line represented significant difference; The tea estates represented by numbers 1–11 are the same as Table 1

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表 4 氨基酸组分与土壤养分的相关性分析

Table 4. Correlation between tea leaf amino acid composition and soil nutrients

氨基酸组分 Amino acid	pH	有机质 Organic matter	全磷 Total P	全钾 Total K	全氮 Total N	速效磷 Available P	速效钾 Available K	速效氮 Available N
牛磺酸 Tau	0.260	0.263	0.312*	0.014	0.316*	0.179	0.608**	0.206
丝氨酸 Ser	0.235	−0.349*	−0.312*	0.038	−0.151	−0.278	−0.096	−0.221
精氨酸 Arg	0.288	−0.403**	−0.286	0.022	−0.243	−0.338*	0.061	−0.322*
甘氨酸 Gly	0.000	0.297*	0.194	0.110	−0.179	0.268	0.027	0.137
天冬氨酸 Asp	0.248	−0.374*	−0.271	0.043	−0.234	−0.313*	0.083	−0.305*
谷氨酸 Glu	0.224	−0.361*	−0.333*	−0.014	−0.146	−0.319*	−0.102	−0.247
苏氨酸 Thr	0.260	−0.331*	−0.352*	0.012	−0.158	−0.333*	−0.066	−0.246
酪氨酸 Tyr	0.147	0.165	0.201	0.126	0.273	0.162	0.496**	0.154
脯氨酸 Pro	0.296*	−0.329*	−0.277	−0.024	−0.173	−0.286	−0.028	−0.261
γ-氨基丁酸 GABA	0.285	−0.317*	−0.276	−0.014	−0.173	−0.274	−0.035	−0.253
茶氨酸 Thea	0.262	−0.353*	−0.293	−0.020	−0.140	−0.310*	−0.031	−0.261
缬氨酸 Val	0.302*	−0.323*	−0.254	−0.061	−0.114	−0.286	−0.019	−0.245
赖氨酸 Lys	−0.175	0.254	0.313*	0.290	0.287	0.318*	0.188	0.471**
组氨酸 His	0.423**	−0.252	−0.217	0.118	−0.213	−0.236	0.258	−0.305*
丙氨酸 Ala	−0.129	−0.208	−0.204	0.023	0.050	−0.113	−0.507**	0.118
异亮氨酸 Ile	0.117	−0.006	−0.171	−0.036	0.186	−0.240	−0.304*	0.241
亮氨酸 Leu	0.101	−0.323*	−0.342*	−0.042	−0.211	−0.315*	0.045	−0.337*
苯丙氨酸 Phe	0.246	−0.229	0.017	−0.439**	0.067	−0.326*	0.058	−0.128
氨基酸总量 Total amino acid	0.243	−0.213	0.032	−0.452**	0.102	−0.313*	0.070	−0.119
注：P＜0.05，显著相关；P＜0.01，极显著相关。 Note: P＜0.05, significant correlation; P＜0.01, extremely significant correlation.

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表 5 土壤养分的特征值和条件数

Table 5. Eigenvalue and index of soil nutrients

因子数 Number	特征值 Eigen value	条件指数 Index	方差比例 Variance ratio
因子数 Number	特征值 Eigen value	条件指数 Index	截距 Intercept	pH	有机质 Organic matter	全磷 Total P	全钾 Total K	全氮 Total N	速效磷 Available P	速效钾 Available K	速效氮 Available N
1	7.700	1.000	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
2	0.524	3.835	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.04	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.00
3	0.437	4.196	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.03	0.10	0.00
4	0.177	6.598	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.05	0.07	0.00	0.12	0.01
5	0.104	8.625	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.07	0.02	0.03	0.01	0.24	0.00
6	0.033	15.312	0.00	0.00	0.19	0.10	0.23	0.17	0.01	0.02	0.01
7	0.019	20.111	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.31	0.30	0.22	0.47	0.00	0.14
8	0.005	37.881	0.02	0.00	0.68	0.42	0.38	0.48	0.30	0.49	0.83
9	0.001	84.863	0.97	0.99	0.12	0.06	0.00	0.03	0.16	0.01	0.01

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表 6 土壤养分对氨基酸含量影响的主要养分和回归方程

Table 6. The major soil nutrient factors on amino acid content and the regression equation

目标函数 Objective function	影响因子 Affecting factors	回归方程 Regression equations	F 值 F value	P 值 P value
牛磺酸 Tau	x₃、x₅、x₇	y₁=10.144−0.260_X3+0.472x₅+0.011x₇	8.751	.000
丝氨酸 Ser	x₁、x₂、x₃、x₆	y₂=3.48+19.233x₁−0.599x₂−16.879x₃+0.04x₆	3.595	.014
精氨酸 Arg	x₁、x₂、x₆、x₈	y₃=20.117+9.359x₁+0.507x₂−0.003x₆+0.058x₈	3.130	.025
甘氨酸 Gly	x₂、x₅、x₆	y₄=8.175+0.132x₂+1.417x₅+0.001x₆	4.434	.009
天冬氨酸 Asp	x₁、x₂、x₃、x₆、x₈	y₅=1.87+6.084x₁+0.274x₂−4.203x₃+0.01x₆+0.041x₈	2.678	.036
谷氨酸 Glu	x₁、x₂、x₃、x₆	y₆=9.257+24.827x₁+0.796x₂−22.839x₃+0.044x₆	3.328	.019
苏氨酸 Thr	x₁、x₂、x₃、x₆	y₇=2.524+8.303x₁−0.205x₂−7.493x₃+0.013x₆	3.547	.014
酪氨酸 Tyr	x₅、x₇	y₈=9.647+0.87x₅+0.018x₇	7.521	.002
脯氨酸 Pro	x₁、x₂、x₃、x₆、x₈	y₉=−12.909+14.774x₁−0.571x₂−10.363x₃+0.026x₆+0.104x₈	3.352	.013
γ-氨基丁酸 GABA	x₁、x₂、x₃、x₆、x₈	y₁₀=−6.901+8.181x₁+0.315x₂−5.886x₃+0.015x₆+0.057x₈	3.180	.017
茶氨酸 Thea	x₁、x₂、x₃、x₆、x₈	y₁₁=−135.906+123.014x₁+5.403x₂−90.362x₃+0.207x₆+1.032x₈	3.203	.016
缬氨酸 Val	x₁、x₂、x₃、x₆、x₈	y₁₂=−42.142+17.122x₁−0.676x₂−11.145x₃+0.028x₆+0.13x₈	3.176	.017
赖氨酸 Lys	x₃、x₆、x₈	y₁₃=4.192+1.394x₃−0.001x₆+0.051x₈	4.295	.010
组氨酸 His	x₁、x₈	y₁₄=−2.372+11.369x₁+0.07x₈	6.044	.005
丙氨酸 Ala	x₂、x₇	y₁₅=5.521−0.013x₂−0.004x₇	7.707	.001
异亮氨酸 Ile	x₆、x₇、x₈	y₁₆=7.575−0.005x₆−0.003x₇+0.029x₈	7.376	.000
亮氨酸 Leu	x₂、x₃、x₆、x₇、x₈	y₁₇=11.191−0.104x₂−4.937x₃+0.005x₆+0.01x₇+0.002x₈	2.378	.056
苯丙氨酸 Phe	x₄、x₆	y₁₈=3.42−0.023x₄−0.001x₆	5.660	.007
氨基酸总量 Total amino acid	x₂、x₆、x₈	y₁₉=911.552+6.235x₂−0.119x₆+0.709x₈	3.016	.029

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表 7 土壤养分优化方案

Table 7. Scheme for soil nutrient optimization

氨基酸组分 Amino acid	pH	有机质 Organic matter/ （g·kg⁻¹）	全磷 Total P/ （g·kg⁻¹）	全钾 Total K/ （g·kg⁻¹）	全氮 Total N/ （g·kg⁻¹）	速效磷 Available P/ （mg·kg⁻¹）	速效钾 Available K/ （mg·kg⁻¹）	速效氮 Available N/ （mg·kg⁻¹）	优化值 Objective value/ （mg·hg⁻¹）
牛磺酸 Tau	4.53	34.60	0.44	20.01	2.13	219.77	187.81	103.81	13.10
丝氨酸 Ser	4.85	31.91	0.44	20.01	1.73	219.77	196.54	80.81	79.01
精氨酸 Arg	4.85	31.91	0.44	20.01	1.85	178.27	188.55	143.48	57.12
甘氨酸 Gly	4.53	34.60	0.44	20.01	1.73	219.77	187.81	103.81	10.51
天冬氨酸 Asp	4.85	31.91	0.44	20.01	1.73	219.77	196.54	143.48	28.87
谷氨酸 Glu	4.85	31.91	0.44	20.01	1.88	219.77	180.38	80.18	103.89
苏氨酸 Thr	4.85	31.91	0.44	20.01	1.73	219.77	196.54	80.81	35.81
酪氨酸 Tyr	4.39	31.91	0.52	20.01	1.88	219.77	196.54	80.81	10.14
脯氨酸 Pro	4.85	31.91	0.44	20.01	1.73	219.77	196.54	143.48	56.60
γ-氨基丁酸 GABA	4.85	31.91	0.44	20.01	1.88	219.77	180.38	143.48	31.61
茶氨酸 Thea	4.85	31.91	0.44	20.01	1.73	219.77	196.54	143.48	442.11
缬氨酸 Val	4.85	31.91	0.44	20.01	1.88	219.77	180.38	143.48	39.23
赖氨酸 Lys	4.77	31.91	0.50	20.01	1.88	219.77	196.54	143.48	11.98
组氨酸 His	4.85	31.91	0.45	20.01	1.85	178.27	180.38	73.22	47.64
丙氨酸 Ala	4.41	31.91	0.45	20.01	1.85	178.27	180.38	73.22	4.38
异亮氨酸 Ile	4.77	31.91	0.44	20.01	1.85	178.27	188.55	143.48	10.28
亮氨酸 Leu	4.39	31.91	0.44	20.01	1.73	219.77	196.54	80.81	8.60
苯丙氨酸 Phe	4.41	31.91	0.48	20.01	1.73	178.27	192.32	73.22	3.42
氨基酸总量 Total amino acid	4.77	31.91	0.46	20.01	1.85	178.27	196.54	143.48	793.11

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