Effects of Nitrification Inhibitors on N2O and CO2 Emissions of Soil and Yield and Quality of Greenhouse Vegetables
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摘要:
目的 研究肥料中添加硝化抑制剂双氰胺（Dicyandiamide，DCD）和2-氯-6（三氯甲基）吡啶（NP）对小白菜产量、品质及土壤N2O、CO2排放和土壤硝态氮残留的影响。 方法 以廊坊市永清县大辛阁乡北岔口村蔬菜棚小白菜土壤为试材，采用日光温室静态培养的方法开展小白菜盆栽试验，共设定6个处理：不施肥（CK）、大量元素水溶肥（R1）、大量元素水溶肥+硝化抑制剂DCD [R1（DCD）]、大量元素水溶肥+硝化抑制剂NP [R1（NP）]、液态沼渣氮肥（L）、液态沼渣氮肥+硝化抑制剂DCD [L（DCD）]。每次施肥后采用静态箱-气相色谱法采集并检测土壤N2O、CO2排放情况；收获期采用流动分析仪检测0~30 cm土层硝态氮含量，同时对蔬菜产量及品质进行测定。 结果 施肥处理的N2O排放均较CK有明显升高趋势，且DCD和NP可以显著降低N2O的排放； 基肥和追肥后，R1（DCD）和R1（NP）处理土壤N2O累积排放量与R1处理相比分别减少了45.70%、62.46%和71.54%、66.81%，L（DCD）处理土壤N2O累积排放量与L处理相比减少了45.81%和37.13%；施加DCD和NP对CO2的排放无显著影响。施肥显著增加了土壤剖面0～30 cm硝态氮含量，且随着深度的增加而增大；DCD和NP可以降低土壤硝态氮含量，R1、R1（DCD）、R1（NP）及L（DCD）处理与L处理相比土壤硝态氮含量有降低趋势；DCD和NP可提高小白菜产量和品质，但差异并不显著，其中与R1处理相比，R1（DCD）和R1（NP）处理小白菜的硝酸盐含量降低了11.10%和3.41%，L（DCD）较L处理小白菜的硝酸盐含量降低了7.69%。 结论 硝化抑制剂可以一定程度上提高小白菜的产量和品质，并降低N2O的排放，对减缓温室效应有较大的益处。 Abstract:Objective Effects of addition of a nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide (DCD) or 2-chloro-6 (trichloromethyl) pyridine (NP), on the N2O and CO2 emissions and nitrate content in soil and yield and quality of Chinese cabbage grown on the soil in a greenhouse were studied. Method A pot experiment using the soil from a Chinese cabbage greenhouse at Beichakou Village, Daxinge Township, Yongqing County, Langfang City was conducted to grow Chinese cabbage in a static solar greenhouse. A blank control that applied no fertilization (CK) along with 5 treatments that included the addition to the soil of a water-soluble fertilizer (R1), R1(DCD), R1(NP), a liquid sludge nitrogen fertilizer (L), or L(DCD). N2O and CO2 emitted from the soils were collected for the determination using static image-gas chromatography. At harvest, nitrate nitrogen in 0–30 cm depth of soil was measured by a flow analyzer, and yield and quality of vegetables grown on the soil recorded. Result The fertilizations significantly increased N2O emission over CK. However, the addition of nitrification inhibitor reduced the cumulative emission by 45.70% under R1(DCD) and 62.46% under R1(NP) over R1, and that under L(DCD) lower by 45.81% over L. And after topdressing, the cumulative N2O emission under R1(DCD) became 71.54% and R1(NP) 66.81% lower than those under R1, while that under L(DCD) 37.13% lower than under L. On the cumulative CO2, it fluctuated after the fertilizations but no apparent effect shown by the inhibitor applications. In the 0–30 cm soil layer, the nitrate nitrogen concentration increased when fertilizerd with increasing depth and decreased with increasing biochemical regulating fertilizers DCD and NP. The nitrification inhibitors improved somewhat the Chinese cabbage quality and yield but not significantly. R1(DCD) and R1(NP) reduced the nitrate content from R1 by 11.10% and 3.41%, respectively, while L(DCD) did by 7.69% over L. Conclusion Biochemical regulating fertilizer improved somewhat the vegetable yield and quality, while reduced the N2O emissions of the soil benefitting the eco-system. -
Key words:
- Biochemical regulating fertilizer /
- N2O /
- CO2 /
- nitrate nitrogen
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图 3 培养期间土壤CO2的排放通量的动态变化
Figure 3. Temporal dynamics of soil CO2 flux during monitoring
图 5 收获后土壤硝态氮含量
注：不同字母分别表示处理间差异显著（P＜0.05）。
Figure 5. Soil nitrate content after vegetable harvest
Note：Different letters showed significant difference between treatments (P＜0.05).
表 1 硝化抑制剂对小白菜全氮量、产量的影响
Table 1. Effects of nitrification inhibitors on nitrogen absorption and yield of Chinese cabbage
处理
Treatment全氮量
Total nitrogen/（g·kg−1）产量
Yield/（t·hm−2）CK 29.15±2.63 b 45.58±8.00 b R1 36.80±3.43 a 93.04±21.65 a R1（DCD） 37.76±0.78 a 119.26±9.26 a R1（NP） 38.79±4.16 a 95.71±16.39 a L 34.72±1.37 ab 105.51±12.98 ab L（DCD） 34.88±1.13 ab 110.62 ±13.89 ab 注：同列数据后不同字母分别表示处理间差异显著（P＜0.05） 表2同。
Note：Different letters in the same column showed significant difference between treatments (P ＜ 0.05). Same for Table 2.
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表 2 硝化抑制剂对小白菜品质的影响
Table 2. Effect of nitrification inhibitors on quality of Chinese cabbage
处理
Treatment施氮量
Nitrogen rate/（kg·hm−2）维生素C
Vitamin C/（mg·kg−1）硝酸盐含量
Nitrate content/（mg·kg−1）可溶性糖
Soluble sugar/%可滴定酸
Titratable acid/%可溶性蛋白质
Soluble protein/（mg·g−1）CK 0 153.12±20.43 a 52.15±15.09 b 4.74±0.56 a 0.145±0.00 a 27.02±2.38 a R1 225 182.65±17.50 a 70.29±10.92 ab 4.89±0.03 a 0.152±0.00 a 31.56±6.94 a R1（DCD） 225 162.43±26.71 a 62.49±14.49 ab 5.53±0.49 a 0.145±0.01 a 23.92±6.24 a R1（NP） 225 138.67±32.78 a 67.89±6.70 ab 5.18±1.35 a 0.152±0.00 a 26.66±6.23 a L 225 151.19±49.60 a 77.99±11.60 a 5.32±1.53 a 1.138±0.00 a 28.58±4.55 a L（DCD） 225 169.49±46.30 a 71.99±1.32 ab 5.49±0.37 a 0.145±0.01 a 25.04±3.25 a
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