粪肥对苏打盐碱地土壤有机碳组分特征的影响

韩雨航; 马玉涛; 苑佰飞; 王永; 张晋京

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.003.015

粪肥对苏打盐碱地土壤有机碳组分特征的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.003.015

韩雨航^1,,
马玉涛^{1, 2},
苑佰飞¹,
王永¹,
张晋京^1, ,

1.
吉林农业大学资源与环境学院/吉林省商品粮基地土壤资源可持续利用重点实验室，吉林长春 130118
2.
吉林省土壤肥料总站，吉林长春 130012

基金项目: 吉林省科技发展计划项目（20200201052JC）

详细信息

作者简介:
韩雨航（1997-），女，硕士研究生，主要从事土壤改良研究（E-mail：32625508@qq.com）

通讯作者:
张晋京（1972−），男，博士，教授，主要从事土壤化学研究（E-mail：zhangjinjing@126.com）

中图分类号: S 152.4；S 153.6
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-05
- 修回日期: 2022-02-10
- 刊出日期: 2022-03-28

Effect of Manure Fertilization on Soda Saline-Alkali Soil in Western Jilin Province

HAN Yuhang^1
,,
MA Yutao^{1, 2},
YUAN Baifei¹,
WANG Yong¹,
ZHANG Jinjing^{1
, ,}

1.
Key Laboratory of Soil Resource Sustainable Utilization for Commodity Grain Bases of Jilin Province/College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin　130118, China
2.
Jilin Soil and Fertilizer Station, Changchun, Jilin　130012, China

摘要

摘要: 目的通过田间试验，研究牛粪和羊粪等碳量施用对吉林省西部苏打盐碱土的改良和培肥效果，为揭示苏打盐碱土有机培肥机制、科学培肥苏打盐碱土壤提供依据。方法于2017年开始在吉林省白城市镇赉县典型苏打盐碱土地区进行田间试验，设3个处理：对照（不施用粪肥）、牛粪和羊粪，对试验设置的土壤pH值、可溶盐总量及其组成、交换性钠含量、阳离子交换量和有机碳各组分进行含量测定与结果分析。结果与对照处理相比，施用2种粪肥对土壤pH值、水稳性团聚体粒径分布和平均重量直径没有显著的影响；施用牛粪使土壤总有机碳、水溶性有机碳和胡敏素碳含量分别增加27.2%、55.6%和36.8%，羊粪则分别增加了52.8%、122%和82.1%；施用2种粪肥可以显著提高水稳性团聚体有机碳含量；与施用牛粪相比，施用羊粪条件下土壤具有更高的全盐量、交换性钠、阳离子交换量、总有机碳、水溶性有机碳、胡敏酸碳、胡敏素碳、水稳性团聚体碳、烷基碳和芳香碳比例以及烷基碳/烷氧碳和疏水碳/亲水碳比值，同时具有更低的碱化度、烷氧碳和羧基碳比例以及脂族碳/芳香碳比值。结论施用粪肥能够提高土壤有机碳及其组分的含量，同时改善土壤有机质品质，但短期内对于土壤结构性没有改善作用；施用羊粪对于降低土壤碱化程度和提高土壤有机碳含量的效果更为明显，而施用牛粪则更有利于提高土壤有机质的品质，两者的合理配施将会促进苏打盐碱土的改良和肥力提升。
- 羊粪 /
- 牛粪 /
- 苏打盐碱土 /
- 土壤碱化度 /
- 土壤有机碳 /
- 土壤团聚体
Abstract: Objective Applications of cattle and sheep manures for fertilization on soda saline-alkali soil in western Jilin Province were compared. Methods Started in 2017 a field experiment for the fertilization study was carried out on a typical soda saline-alkali land in Zhenlai County, Baicheng City, Jilin Province. Three treatments including control and the uses of cattle or sheep dung on the randomly selected lots were designed to generate information on the pH, total soluble salts, exchangeable sodium content, cation exchange capacity, and organic carbon content in soil for the comparison. Results The application of either cow or sheep manure had no significant effect on soil pH, particle size distribution and mean weight diameter of water-stable aggregates. However, cow manure rose the total organic carbon, water-soluble organic carbon, and humus carbon by 27.2%, 55.6%, and 36.8%, respectively, while sheep manure 52.8%, 122%, and 82.1%, respectively. Both applications significantly increased the organic carbon in the water-stable aggregates. However, the total salt, exchangeable sodium, cation exchange capacity, total organic carbon, water-soluble organic carbon, humic acid carbon, humus carbon, water-stable agglomeration body, and ratios of alkyl/aromatic carbon, alkyl/alkoxy carbon, and hydrophobic/hydrophilic carbon were higher, but the alkalinity, and alkoxy/carboxyl carbon and aliphatic/aromatic carbon ratios lower, in the soil fertilized with sheep manure than cow manure. Conclusion The application of cow or sheep manure increased the contents and enriched the components of organic carbons and also improved the quality of organic matters in soil. It did not significantly alter the soil structure in the short term, however. Sheep dung was more effective in ameliorating the soil degradation and in increasing the soil organic carbon, whereas cow manure more conducive to improving the quality of organic matters. Thus, using both materials simultaneously could maximize the effect on soda saline-alkali soil.
- Sheep manure /
- cattle manure /
- soda saline-alkali soil /
- soil exchangeable sodium percentage /
- soil organic carbon /
- soil aggregates

HTML全文

图 1 粪肥对苏打盐碱地土壤固态¹³C核磁共振波谱的影响

注： a：对照；b：牛粪；c：羊粪。

Figure 1. Effect of manure application as indicated by solid-state¹³C NMR spectroscopy of soda saline-alkali soil

Note: a.: Control; b.: Cow manure; c.: Sheep manure.

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图 2 粪肥对苏打盐碱地土壤水稳性团聚体有机碳含量的影响

Figure 2. Effects of manure application on organic carbon in water-stable aggregates of soda saline-alkali soil

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表 1 粪肥对苏打盐碱地土壤基本性质的影响

Table 1. Effects of manure application on basic properties of soda saline-alkali soil

处理 Treatment	pH	全盐量 Total salt/%	交换性钠 Exchangeable Na⁺/（coml·kg⁻¹）	阳离子交换量 CEC/（coml·kg⁻¹）	碱化度 Alkalinity/%	CO₃^2–/ (coml·kg⁻¹)	HCO₃^–/ (coml·kg⁻¹)
对照 Control	9.51±0.11 a	0.24±0.03 b	6.44±0.21 b	16.3±0.41 b	39.5±2.06 a	0.19±0.01 a	0.35±0.02 a
牛粪 Cow manure	9.30±0.26 a	0.19±0.03 b	6.58±0.29 b	16.4±0.39 b	40.1±1.03 a	0.16±0.00 b	0.35±0.02 a
羊粪 Sheep manure	9.47±0.04 a	0.28±0.02 a	7.41±0.09 a	20.2±0.13 a	36.8±0.49 b	0.19±0.00 a	0.37±0.00 a
注：不同小写字母表示同列数值差异显著（P≤0.05）。表3～4、图2同。 Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in values in the same column (P≤0.05). The same as Tab. 3 - 4 and Fig. 2.

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表 2 粪肥对苏打盐碱地土壤有机碳含量和化学组成的影响

Table 2. Effect of manure application on organic carbons in soda saline-alkali soil

处理 Treatment	有机碳 Soil organic carbon/（g·kg⁻¹）	烷基碳 Alkylcarbon/%	烷氧碳 Alkoxycarbon/%	芳香碳 Aromatic carbon/%	羧基碳 Carboxyl carbon/%	烷基碳/烷氧碳 Alkylcarbon/ Alkoxycarbon	脂族碳/芳香碳 Aliphaticcarbon/ Aromaticcarbon	疏水碳/亲水碳 Hydrophobiccarbon/ Hydrophiliccarbon
对照 Control	5.00±0.14 c	22.7±0.06 b	28.0±0.06 c	34.7±0.06 a	14.5±0.15 b	0.81±0.10 ab	1.46±0.09 b	1.35±0.10 a
牛粪 Cow manure	6.36±0.13 b	22.3±0.06 c	33.0±0.10 a	29.8±0.06 c	14.9±0.10 a	0.68±0.02 b	1.86±0.22 a	1.09±0.06 b
羊粪 Sheep manure	7.64±0.02 a	25.1±0.06 a	29.2±0.15 b	32.5±0.10 b	13.2±0.10 c	0.86±0.07 a	1.67±0.00 ab	1.36±0.08 a

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表 3 粪肥对苏打盐碱地土壤腐殖质碳的影响

Table 3. Effect of manure application on soil humus carbon in soda saline-alkali soil （单位：g·kg⁻¹）

处理 Treatment	水溶性碳 Water soluble carbon	胡敏酸碳 Humic acid carbon	富里酸碳 Furi acid porridge	胡敏素碳 Humin carbon
对照 Control	0.18±0.00 c	1.27±0.05 b	0.64±0.03 b	2.91±0.17 c
牛粪 Cow manure	0.28±0.01 b	1.22±0.02 b	0.89±0.02 a	3.98±0.14 b
羊粪 Sheep manure	0.40±0.07 a	1.58±0.03 a	0.36±0.04 c	5.30±0.05 a

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表 4 粪肥对苏打盐碱地土壤水稳性团聚体粒径分布和平均重量直径（MWD）的影响

Table 4. Effects of manure application on particle size distribution and mean weight diameter (MWD) of water-stable aggregates in soda saline-alkali soil

处理 Treatment	粒径分布 Particle size distribution/%				MWD/mm
	大团聚体 Large aggregates		微团聚体 Microaggregates	粉黏粒组分 Powder clay component
	＞2.00 mm	2.00～0.25 mm	0.25～0.053 mm	＜0.053 mm
对照 Control	56.3±13.6	7.72±10.5	9.81±2.16	26.2±17.7	3.49±0.81
牛粪 Cow manure	49.5±19.1	4.88±2.68	14.0±19.5	31.6±15.8	3.06±1.16
羊粪 Sheep manure	76.1±9.33	1.56±0.96	4.77±3.60	17.6±5.09 a	4.59±0.54

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