低温弱光对不同品种辣椒幼苗生长和光合特性的影响

胡晨曦; 李子恒; 张云虹; 张林巧; 祁建波; 张瑛; 周如美; 张永泰; 张永吉

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.005.009

低温弱光对不同品种辣椒幼苗生长和光合特性的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.005.009

胡晨曦^{1, 2,},
李子恒^{1, 2},
张云虹¹,
张林巧¹,
祁建波²,
张瑛¹,
周如美¹,
张永泰¹,
张永吉^{1, 2, ,}

1.
江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所，江苏扬州　225007
2.
扬州农科农业发展有限公司，江苏扬州　225007

基金项目: 江苏省农业科技自主创新资金[CX（20）3177]；江苏省科技计划项目（BE2021330）；江苏省蔬菜产业技术体系建设专项（JATS[2021]267）；扬州市“绿扬金凤计划”优秀博士项目（2019年）

详细信息

作者简介:
胡晨曦（1992−），男，博士，助理研究员，主要从事蔬菜栽培技术研究（E-mail：huchenxi345@126.com）

通讯作者:
张永吉（1985−），男，硕士，副研究员，主要从事蔬菜栽培技术研究（E-mail：zhangyongji85@126.com）

中图分类号: S 641.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-02-09
- 修回日期: 2022-04-15
- 刊出日期: 2022-05-28

Effects of Low Temperature and Reduced Light on Growth and Photosynthesis of Seedlings of Different Pepper Cultivars

1.
Lixiahe Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu　225007, China
2.
Yangzhou Nongke Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Yangzhou, Jiangsu　225007, China

摘要

摘要: 目的为选育耐低温弱光的辣椒品种提供理论依据。方法以6个不同品种辣椒为材料，研究低温弱光[15 ℃/5 ℃（昼/夜），100 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹]对其幼苗生长和光合特性的影响。结果与正常温光[25 ℃/15 ℃（昼/夜），300 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹]相比较，低温弱光降低了不同品种辣椒幼苗株高、茎粗、叶面积和植株干重等生长指标，其中扬椒5号的降低幅度要小于其他品种，不同品种冷害指数表现为：扬椒5号＜科技之光9号＜苏椒5号＜巨无霸5号＜海花3号＜茄门甜椒。同时，低温弱光降低了不同品种辣椒幼苗叶片净光合速率（P_n）、气孔导度（G_s）、蒸腾速率（T_r）、最大光化学效率（F_v/F_m）、实际光化学效率（Φ_PSII）、电子传递速率（ETR）和光化学光化学淬灭系数（qP），其中扬椒5号的降低幅度要小于其他品种，维持了叶片较强的光合能力和光能利用率。此外，低温弱光降低了不同品种辣椒幼苗叶片叶绿素含量，其中扬椒5号的降低幅度要小于其他品种，有利于维持叶片良好的光合特性。相关分析表明，低温弱光下P_n、G_s、T_r、F_v/F_m、Φ_PSII、ETR和qP与冷害指数呈显著负相关，与植株干重呈显著正相关。结论低温弱光抑制了不同品种辣椒幼苗生长和光合特性，而扬椒5号能通过维持叶片较强的光合特性来缓解低温弱光对其生长的抑制，因此具有较强的耐性。
- 低温弱光 /
- 辣椒 /
- 生长 /
- 光合特性
Abstract: Objective Resistance to low temperature and reduced light exposure of pepper plants were studied for breeding purpose. Method Seedlings of 6 pepper cultivars of different varieties were exposed to controlled day/night conditions of 25℃/15℃ and 300 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ as control or 15℃/5℃ and 100 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ for treatment. Growth and photosynthetic characteristics of the seedlings cultivated under the conditions were monitored. Result Comparing to the seedlings grown under the normal 25℃/15℃ and 300 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ conditions, those exposed to the reduced temperature and light showed reductions in plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, and plant dry weight. Of the various cultivars, Yangjiao No. 5 was least affected by the treatment. The cold injury indices of the cultivars ranked as Yangjiao No. 5＜Kejizhiguang No. 9＜Sujiao No. 5＜Juwuba No. 5＜Haihua No. 3＜Qiemen sweet pepper . The leaf Pn, Gs, Tr, Fv/Fm, Φ_PSII, ETR, and qP decreased by the treatment and were least affected on Yangjiao NO. 5 among all cultivars. The reduced temperature and light exposure also induced reductions on the chlorophyll content in the plants. Of which, Yangjiao No. 5 exhibited a higher resistance. There was a negative correlation between the Pn, Gs, Tr, Fv/Fm, Φ_PSII, ETR, and qP and the cold injury index, but a positive one between them and the dry weight of the pepper seedlings when exposed to low temperature and reduced light. Conclusion Exposure to low temperature and reduced light hindered the growth and photosynthesis of the pepper seedlings of different varieties with variances. Among the 6 cultivars, Yangjiao No. 5 appeared to withstand the adverse conditions better than the others and sustain a near normal growth.
- low temperature and reduced light /
- pepper /
- plant growth /
- photosynthetic characteristics

HTML全文

图 1 低温弱光对不同品种辣椒幼苗冷害指数的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著（P＜0.05）。下同。

Figure 1. Effect of treatment on cold injury index of pepper seedlings

Data with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P＜0.05. Same for the below.

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图 2 低温弱光对不同品种辣椒幼苗叶片光合参数的影响

Figure 2. Effects of treatment on leaf photosynthetic parameters of pepper seedlings

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图 3 低温弱光对不同品种辣椒幼苗叶片叶绿素荧光参数的影响

Figure 3. Effects of treatment on leaf chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of pepper seedlings

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图 4 低温弱光对不同品种辣椒幼苗叶片叶绿素含量的影响

Figure 4. Effect of treatment on chlorophyll content in leaves of pepper seedlings

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表 1 辣椒品种及来源

Table 1. Pepper cultivars and sources

编号 Number	品种名称 Cultivar	来源 Source
C1	茄门甜椒 Qiemen sweet pepper	沧州津科力丰种苗有限责任公司 Cangzhou Jinkelifeng Seedling Co., Ltd
C2	科技之光9号 Kejizhiguang No. 9	徐州市彭大种业有限公司 Xuzhou Pengda Seed Industry Co., Ltd
C3	海花3号 Haihua No. 3	北京海花生物科技有限公司 Beijing Haihua Biotechnology Co., Ltd
C4	扬椒5号 Yangjiao No. 5	江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所 Lixiahe Institute of Agricultural Sciences
C5	巨无霸5号 Juwuba No. 5	江苏省镇江市镇研种业有限公司 Jiangsu Zhenjiang Zhenyan Seed Industry Co., Ltd
C6	苏椒5号 Sujiao No.5	江苏省江蔬种苗科技有限公司 Jiangsu Jiangshu Seedling Technology Co., Ltd

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表 2 低温弱光对不同品种辣椒幼苗生长指标的影响

Table 2. Effects of low temperature and reduced light on growth of pepper seedlings

温光处理 Temperature and light treatment	品种 Cultivar	株高 Plant height /cm	茎粗 Stem diameter /mm	叶面积 Leaf area /cm²	地上部干重 Aboveground dry weight/mg	地下部干重 Underground dry weight/mg	植株干重 Plant dry weight /mg
CK	C1	8.42±0.32 bcd	1.53±0.04 cd	7.75±0.25 bc	301.35±8.85 cd	43.01±1.27 ef	344.36±9.99 c
	C2	8.09±0.30 de	1.70±0.04 a	7.48±0.27 c	307.02±11.20 bcd	48.63±1.57 a	355.66±12.77 bc
	C3	8.89±0.35 ab	1.61±0.05 abc	7.40±0.26 c	326.17±7.26 ab	44.33±1.34 cde	370.50±8.60 ab
	C4	8.27±0.29 cde	1.66±0.05 a	8.02±0.27 ab	319.80±13.86 bc	47.80±1.52 ab	367.59±15.06 ab
	C5	8.72±0.29 abc	1.56±0.04 bc	8.30±0.28 a	311.90±8.64 bcd	45.76±1.42 bcd	357.66±9.96 bc
	C6	9.10±0.34 a	1.65±0.05 ab	8.13±0.30 ab	341.35±10.80 a	46.40±1.45 abc	387.75±12.15 a
T	C1	6.41±0.24 h	1.23±0.05 f	6.55±0.25 d	244.49±6.49 f	33.43±1.11 h	277.92±7.56 e
	C2	7.07±0.18 g	1.52±0.06 cd	6.77±0.26 d	275.91±10.09 e	43.61±1.54 def	319.53±11.58 d
	C3	7.05±0.28 g	1.32±0.05 e	6.37±0.24 d	276.05±10.10 e	35.79±1.24 h	311.85±11.34 d
	C4	7.49±0.27 fg	1.53±0.06 cd	7.33±0.30 c	297.25±12.93 d	43.96±1.70 cde	341.21±14.62 c
	C5	7.14±0.25 g	1.34±0.06 e	7.40±0.30 c	270.76±10.59 e	39.19±1.43 g	309.96±12.01 d
	C6	7.81±0.28 ef	1.45±0.07 d	7.32±0.26 c	302.14±13.21 cd	41.16±1.54 fg	343.29±14.74 c
F值 F value	F_T	221.05**	158.08**	96.46**	130.04**	182.32**	137.64**
	F_C	9.49**	17.54**	12.91**	15.05**	29.13**	14.65**
	F_T*C	4.16**	2.02	0.79	2.07	3.56*	2.24
CK代表正常温光，T代表低温弱光。同列数据后不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著（P＜0.05）。F_T和F_C分别代表温光处理和品种的F值；F_TC代表温光处理和品种互作的F值。和*分别表示在P＜0.05和P＜0.01水平上显著。 CK: normal temperature and light; T: low temperature and reduced light. Data with different lowercase letters on same column indicate significant differences at P＜0.05. F_T and F_C: F values under treatment and of cultivars, respectively. F_TC: F value of interaction between treatment and cultivar. * and ** indicate significant at P＜0.05 and P＜0.01, respectively.

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表 3 低温弱光下冷害指数和生长指标与光合参数和叶绿素荧光参数的相关性分析

Table 3. Correlations among cold injury, plant growth, photosynthesis, and chlorophyll fluorescence of pepper seedlings under treatment

指标 Index	净光合速率 P_n	气孔导度 G_s	蒸腾速率 T_r	胞间二氧化碳浓度 C_i	最大光化学效率 F_v/F_m	实际光化学效率 Φ_PSII	电子传递速率 ETR	光化学淬灭系数 qP	非光化学淬灭系数 NPQ
冷害指数 Chilling injury index	−0.791**	−0.801**	−0.745**	−0.039	−0.667**	−0.754**	−0.693**	−0.658**	0.580**
株高 Plant height	0.303*	0.329*	0.309*	−0.276*	0.190*	0.298*	0.386**	0.244*	−0.256*
茎粗 Stem diameter	0.558**	0.570**	0.548**	−0.547**	0.477**	0.567**	0.618**	0.455**	−0.475**
叶面积 Leaf area	0.323*	0.312*	0.301*	−0.182	0.164	0.257*	0.300*	0.153	−0.157
植株干重 Plant dry weight	0.401**	0.427**	0.396**	−0.393**	0.282*	0.394**	0.481**	0.356**	−0.345*
和分别表示在P＜0.05和P＜0.01水平上显著，n=18。 and ** indicate significant at P＜0.05 and P＜0.01, respectively; n=18.

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