夏季遮阴对茶园土壤丛枝菌根多样性及茶叶品质的影响

孙小红; 王国夫; 夏何; 余晓伟; 朱琰麟; 吴邵晗; 王凌峰

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.005.012

夏季遮阴对茶园土壤丛枝菌根多样性及茶叶品质的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.005.012

绍兴文理学院元培学院，浙江　绍兴　312000

基金项目: 浙江省自然科学基金项目（2019C32032）

详细信息

作者简介:
孙小红（1981−），女，副教授，研究方向：植物资源开发应用（E-mail：xhsun2000@163.com）

通讯作者:
王国夫（1967−），男，副教授，研究方向：植物资源开发利用（E-mail：wgf83@usx.edu.cn）

中图分类号: S 56
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-10-01
- 修回日期: 2022-02-28
- 网络出版日期: 2022-06-20
- 刊出日期: 2022-05-28

Effects of Shading in Summer on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Diversity in Plantation Soil and Tea Quality

Yuanpei College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang　312000, China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析夏季遮阴条件下茶园土壤养分、丛枝菌根真菌以及茶叶品质的变化特征，为夏季茶园合理遮阴栽培管理提供理论依据。方法以浙江某丘陵茶园为研究对象，测定土壤养分、AM 真菌多样性以及茶叶品质指标等。结果与未遮阴处理相比，茶园遮阴显著增加了土壤pH、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全磷和有效磷含量，分别增加了15.38%、17.8%、163.6%、77.86%、45.45%和27.80%。但未遮阴处理的土壤 AM真菌多样性指数、丰度均高于遮阴处理。DGGE条带测序分析显示：未遮阴处理茶园土壤的优势AM真菌为球囊霉属（Glomus），而遮阴处理土壤球囊霉属丰度较非遮阴处理低。遮阴后，茶叶中的叶绿素总含量、氨基酸含量和咖啡碱含量分别比对照提高了46.18%，33.16%和32.30 %。茶多酚含量比对照降低了10.41 %，茶叶品质有所提高。结论茶园夏季遮阴能够增加土壤养分含量，提高茶叶品质，但降低了茶园土壤AM真菌多样性和丰富度指数。
- 茶园 /
- 遮阴 /
- 丛枝菌根真菌 /
- 土壤营养 /
- 茶叶品质
Abstract: Objective Correlation between the nutrients and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soil and the quality of tea produced at a plantation shaded from direct sun exposure in summer was analyzed. Method The nutrients, fungal diversity, and tea quality at a hilly tea plantation in Zhejiang Province were determined for a correlation study on the effect of summer-shading over the tea bushes. Result The shading significantly increased the pH, organic matters, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, total phosphorus, and available phosphorus in the plantation soil by 15.38%, 17.8%, 163.6%, 77.86%, 45.45%, and 27.80%, respectively. On the other hand, it reduced the fungal diversity index and richness. The DGGE band-sequencing analysis showed that the dominant fungi in the non-shaded control soil was Glomus, which was lower in abundance under the shading. The shading increased the contents of total chlorophyll, amino acids, and caffeine in tea leaves by 46.18%, 33.16%, and 32.30 %, respectively, but that of polyphenols declined by 10.41% over control. The tea quality was judged to be superior with the shading treatment. Conclusion Shading in summer increased soil nutrient contents and improved tea quality, but reduced the diversity and richness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the plantation soil.
- Tea garden /
- shading /
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi /
- soil nutrient /
- tea quality

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图 1 茶园AM真菌DGGE图谱

Figure 1. DGGE banding patterns of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in plantation soils

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表 1 nested-PCR 引物

Table 1. Primers used in nested-PCR

引物 Primers	引物序列 Primer sequences
GeoA2	5'-CCAGTAGTCATATGCTTGTCTC-3'
Geol1	5'-ACCTTGTTACGACTTTTACTTCC-3'
AM1	5'-GTTTCCCGTAAGGCGCCGAA-3'
NS31-GC	5'-CGCCCGCCGCGCGCGGCGGGCGGGGCGGGGGC ACGGGGGGTTGGAGGGCAAGTCTGGTGCC-3'
NS31	5′-TTGGAGGGCAAGTCTGGTGCC-3′
Glo	5'-GCCTGCTTTAAACACTCTA-3'

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表 2 茶园土壤养分含量

Table 2. Contents of nutrients in plantation soil

处理　　 Treatment	有机质含量 Organic matter content/ （g·kg⁻¹）	全氮含量 Total N content/ （g·kg⁻¹）	碱解氮含量 Hydrolyze N content/ （mg·kg⁻¹）	全磷含量 Total P content/ （g·kg⁻¹）	有效磷含量 Available P content/ （mg·kg⁻¹）	pH
遮阴 Shading	53.37±1.244 a	5.80±0.3 a	238.34±33.566 a	1.61±0.20 a	482.62±0.087 a	4.50±0.01 a
CK	45.30±1.185 b	2.20±0.3 b	134.00±8.047 b	1.13±0.07 b	377.64±0.020 b	3.90±0.00 ab
同列数据后不同字母表示差异显著( P＜0.05)，表3同。 Data with different letters on same column indicate significant difference at P＜0.05, the same as table3.

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表 3 茶园土壤AM真菌DGGE条带香农指数、均匀度及丰度

Table 3. Shannon index, richness, and evenness of plantation soils based on DGGE bands

处理 Treatment	香农指数 Shannon-Wiener	均匀度指数 Simpon’s index	丰富度 Richness
遮阴 Shading	2.06±0.11 b	0.99±0.01 a	8±1.20 b
CK	2.93±0.24 a	0.99±0.02 a	19±1.57 a

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表 4 茶园土壤AM真菌DGGE 条带序列对比

Table 4. Sequences of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi DGGE bands in plantation soil

条带 Band No.	相似菌株　　　　 Similar strain	相似性 Similarity/%	登录号 Accession number
1	Fuscheria uluruensis	94.89	KF733753.1
2	球囊菌属真菌Glomeromycotina sp.	100.00	MG829430.1
3	未培养的球囊霉属真菌 Uncultured Glomus	99.15	JN644353.1
4	未培养的球囊霉属真菌 Uncultured Glomus	100.00	JN644353.1
5	未培养的球囊霉属真菌 Uncultured Glomus	99.15	AB695035.1
6	未培养的球囊霉属真菌 Uncultured Glomus	99.57	JN644349.1
7	未培养的球囊霉属真菌 Uncultured Glomus	100.00	GU353685.1
8	未培养的球囊霉属真菌 Uncultured Glomus	99.15	KP238340.1
9	未培养的球囊霉属真菌 Uncultured Glomus	99.15	GQ140612.1
10	未培养的球囊霉属真菌 Uncultured Glomus	99.57	KP238340.1
11	未培养的球囊霉属真菌 Uncultured Glomus	99.15	JN644353.1
12	球囊菌亚门真菌 Glomeromycotina sp.	100.00	MG829430.1
13	未培养的球囊霉属真菌 Uncultured Glomus	100.00	AB695035.1
14	未培养的球囊霉属真菌 Uncultured Glomus	98.29	DQ510942.1
15	未培养的球囊霉属真菌 Uncultured Glomus	99.57	KP238340.1
16	未培养的球囊霉属真菌 Uncultured Glomus	96.58	KU359437.1
17	被孢霉菌属真菌 Mortierella sp.	100.00	MK123406.1
18	被孢霉菌属真菌 Mortierella sp.	99.57	MK123406.1
19	未培养的球囊霉门真菌 Uncultured Glomeromycota	100.00	KF745197.1
20	未培养的真菌 Uncultured fungus	99.57	KU359465.1
21	被孢霉菌属真菌 Mortierella sp.	99.57	MK123406.1
22	未培养的真菌 Uncultured fungus	100.00	KU359465.1
23	水生子囊菌 Distoseptispora aquatica strain	99.57	MK828314.1
24	淡红丛枝瑚菌 Ramaria rubella	96.57	AY707095.1
25	未培养近微孢虫菌 Uncultured Paramicrosporidium	100.00	KP137393.1

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表 5 不同遮阴处理下茶叶主要内含物质含量

Table 5. Effect of shading on chemical composition of tea

处理 Treatment	CK	遮阴 Shading
叶绿素a Chlorophyll a/（mg·g⁻¹）	2.06±0.24 b	2.79±0.01 a
叶绿素b Chlorophyll b/（mg·g⁻¹）	0.69±0.07 b	1.23±0.06 a
叶绿素总量 Total Chlorophyll/（mg·g⁻¹）	2.75± 0.02 b	4.02±0.07 a
总氨基酸 Total amino acid/%	1.96±0.05 b	2.61±0.05 a
茶多酚 Tea polyphenols/%	14.32±0.01 a	12.83±0.03 b
酚氨比 The ratios of tea poly phenol and amino acid	7.31±0.02 a	4.92±0.03 b
咖啡碱 Caffeine/%	1.61±0.01 b	2.13±0.0 a
同行不同字母表示在0.05水平上的差异显著性。 Data with different letters on same column indicate significant difference at P＜0.05.

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