种植芦竹属菌草对土壤酶活及土壤微生物群落的影响

林辉; 刘艳玲; 罗海凌; 王彤; 林占熺; 苏德伟; 林兴生; 林冬梅

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.005.016

种植芦竹属菌草对土壤酶活及土壤微生物群落的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.005.016

林辉^1,,
刘艳玲¹,
罗海凌¹,
王彤^{1, 2},
林占熺¹,
苏德伟¹,
林兴生¹,
林冬梅^1, ,

1.
国家菌草工程技术研究中心，福建　福州　350010
2.
福建农林大学生命科学学院，福建　福州　350010

基金项目: 福建省科技计划引导性（重点）项目（2021N0009）；福建省科技计划重大专项（2021NZ029009）

详细信息

作者简介:
林辉（1976-），男，硕士，助理研究员，研究方向：主要从事菌草品种选育（E-mail：ljuncao@163.com）

通讯作者:
林冬梅（1975-），女，博士，助理研究员，研究方向：菌草生态功能评价（E-mail：151826920@qq.com）

中图分类号: S 543
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-10
- 录用日期: 2022-03-10
- 修回日期: 2022-03-26
- 网络出版日期: 2022-05-21
- 刊出日期: 2022-05-28

Effects of Planting Varieties of Arundo Grass on Soil Enzyme Activities and Microbial Community

1.
National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian　350010, China
2.
Life Science College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian　350010, China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析种植芦竹属菌草对土壤养分、酶活及微生物群落结构的影响，探讨种植芦竹属菌草对土壤的改良作用。方法对种植芦竹属6个品种菌草前后土壤养分、酶活进行检测，采用Illumina-MiSeq高通量测序技术分析微生物多样性和群落结构。结果芦竹属6个不同品种菌草种植后，与未种植芦竹的空白对照地相比，种植绿洲1号、绿洲9号土壤中速效磷（8.20 mg·kg⁻¹、8.72 mg·kg⁻¹）、速效氮（22.63 mg·kg⁻¹、18.20 mg·kg⁻¹）、有机碳（13.83 g·kg⁻¹、10.48 g·kg⁻¹）和总氮（0.84 g·kg⁻¹、0.71 g·kg⁻¹）的含量均显著高于对照组（2.54 mg·kg⁻¹、14.47 mg·kg⁻¹、5.27g·kg⁻¹、0.38 g·kg⁻¹）的含量（P＜0.05）；且种植芦竹属菌草后的土壤酶活性均有不同程度的升高，其中绿洲1号和绿洲9号土壤脲酶活性显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。Pearson相关性分析结果显示：脲酶活性与土壤速效磷、速效氮、有机碳和全氮等均有显著的相关性（P＜0.01），蔗糖酶与几种土壤养分无显著的相关性。种植芦竹后，土壤细菌和真菌多样性评估指数均高于对照组，其中绿洲1号和绿洲3号的Ace指数、Chao指数和Shannon指数均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）；Pearson相关性分析结果显示：微生物多样性细菌Ace指数和Chao指数与蔗糖酶活性、酸性磷酸酶活性呈极显著的正相关（P＜0.01），微生物多样性真菌指数Shannon指数与ACP活性呈显著的正相关（P＜0.05）。结论在贫瘠的土壤条件下种植芦竹属菌草，能够起到改良土壤，提高土壤酶活性和土壤微生物多样性的积极作用，为种植芦竹属菌草（尤其是绿洲1号、绿洲3号和绿洲9号）的推广提供数据支撑和理论依据。
- 芦竹 /
- 土壤养分 /
- 土壤酶活 /
- 土壤微生物群落
Abstract: Objective Effects of planting different species of Arundo on the nutrients, enzyme activities, and microbial community of the soil were investigated. Method Nutrients and enzyme activities in the soil were analyzed before and after on which different varieties of arundo grass were planted. Pearson analysis was applied to corelate the factors. Diversity of microbial community in soil was determined by illumina miseq high-throughput sequencing. Results Six different Arundo species were planted in a pot experiment. In the soils that lvzhou 1 and lvzhou 9 were planted, the contents of available phosphorus (8.20 and 8.72 mg·kg⁻¹, respectively), available nitrogen (22.63 and 8.20 mg·kg⁻¹, respectively), organic carbon (13.83 and 10.48 g·kg⁻¹, respectively), and total nitrogen (0.84 and 0.71 g·kg⁻¹, respectively) were significantly higher than those in control (2.54 mg·kg⁻¹, 14.47 mg·kg⁻¹, 5.72 g·kg⁻¹, and 0.38 g·kg⁻¹, respectively) (P＜0.05). The urease activity was significantly higher than that of control (P＜0.05). The activities of urease significantly correlated with the available phosphorus, available nitrogen, organic carbon, and total nitrogen in the soil (P＜0.01) but not on the invertase (P＞0.05). The microbial diversity indices of the soil were higher after the grass planting than before, while the Ace, Chao, and Shannon indices of the soil planted with lvzhou 1 or lvzhou 3 significantly higher than those of control (P＜0.05). The bacterial Ace and Chao indices all positively correlated with the invertase and ACP activities (P＜0.01), the Shannon index on fungi showed with the ACP activity (P＜0.05). Conclusion Planting arundo grasses, especially lvzhou 1 or lvzhou 3, on an infertile land could conceivably improve the soil quality due to the enrichments brought about through increased enzyme activity and microbial diversity.
- arundo grass /
- soil nutrient /
- soil enzyme activity /
- soil microbial community

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图 1 种植芦竹属不同菌草对土壤酶活的影响

*表示在0.05水平上差异显著，**表示在0.01水平上差异极显著。

Figure 1. Enzyme activity in soil as affected by planting of different arundo grasses

* represents significant at the 0.05 probability level, ** represents significant at the 0.01 probability level.

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图 2 门水平细菌最大丰度排名前20的物种相对丰度

Figure 2. Relative abundance of top 20 bacteria at phylum level

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图 3 门水平真菌最大丰度排名前16的物种相对丰度

Figure 3. Relative abundance of top 16 fungi at phylum level

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表 1 种植芦竹属不同菌草对土壤主要养分的影响

Table 1. Nutrients in soil as affected by planting of different arundo grasses

处理 Treatment	pH	速效磷 AP/（mg·kg⁻¹）	速效氮 AN/（mg·kg⁻¹）	有机碳 SOC/（g·kg⁻¹）	全氮 TN/（g·kg⁻¹）
CK	5.82±0.13 b	2.54±0.20 c	14.47±0.31 d	5.27±0.11 e	0.38±0.016 f
Lz1	5.57±0.25 bc	8.20±0.76 a	22.63±0.64 a	13.83±0.44 a	0.84±0.0085 a
Lz2	5.60±0.22 bc	4.63±0.44 b	15.52±0.53 cd	8.99±0.30 c	0.56±0.044 d
Lz3	5.43±0.12 cd	3.59±0.12 bc	19.13±0.42 b	9.98±0.32 b	0.64±0.015 c
Lz5	6.05±0.11 ab	3.82±0.10 bc	16.10±0.61 c	8.68±0.28 c	0.50±0.012 e
Lz6	6.21±0.13 a	4.67±0.62 b	14.12±0.40 d	7.25±0.13 d	0.50±0.022 e
Lz9	5.80±0.21 b	8.72±0.37 a	18.20±0.61 b	10.48±0.32 b	0.71±0.0098 b
同列数据后不同小写字母表示处理间的差异达显著水平（P＜0.05）。 Data with different lowercase letters on same column indicate significant differences between treatments (P＜0.05).

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表 2 土壤特性与土壤酶活的Pearson相关性

Table 2. Pearson correlation between characteristics and enzyme activity of soil

项目 Items	pH	速效磷 AP	速效氮 AN	有机碳 SOC	全氮 TN
脲酶 URE	−0.327	0.882^**	0.690^**	0.807^**	0.910^**
过氧化氢酶 CAT	0.426^*	−0.715^**	−0.622^**	−0.638^**	−0.784^**
蔗糖酶 INV	0.064	−0.088	0.029	0.132	−0.070
酸性磷酸酶 ACP	−0.181	0.197	0.464^*	0.620^**	0.506^*
表示在0.05水平上差异显著，表示在0.01水平上差异极显著。表4同。 represents significant at the 0.05 probability level, ** represents significant at the 0.01 probability level. Same for Table 4.

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表 3 不同土壤样品微生物丰度和多样性

Table 3. Microbial abundance and diversity of soil samples

	评估指数 Assessment index	CK	Lz1	Lz2	Lz3	Lz5	Lz6	Lz9
细菌 Bacteria	Ace	3140.06±66.27 d	3680.22±78.84 ab	3686.17±46.09 a	3521.67±23.83 c	3814.67±33.64 a	3473.21±46.64 c	3526.08±41.77 b
	Shannon	9.36±0.13 b	9.77±0.072 a	9.72±0.028 a	9.58±0.060 ab	10.07±0.015 a	9.53±0.017 ab	9.56±0.061 ab
	Chao	3421.69±69.59 d	4139.99±57.67 a	4165.19±45.92 a	4062.60±49.83 ab	42225.80±24.29 a	3877.68±44.56 c	3937.11±63.52 bc
	Coverage	0.96 a	0.96 a	0.96 a	0.96 a	0.96 a	0.96 a	0.96 a
	Simpson	1.00 a	1.00 a	1.00 a	1.00 a	1.00 a	1.00 a	1.00 a
真菌 Fungi	Ace	1066.61±36.88 cd	1423.82±80.32 ab	1268.97±21.65 b	1506.86±55.88 a	1201.24±66.81 c	1152.33±21.45 cd	1169.85±37.85 cd
	Shannon	4.50±0.0057 c	6.63±0.14 a	6.70±0.11 a	6.14±0.095 b	6.86±0.11 a	6.87±0.12 a	6.29±0.13 b
	Chao	1098.08±40.35 cd	1584.29±49.62 a	1454.06±51.65 ab	1619.30±60.94 a	1324.21±54.43 bc	1098.20±17.18 cd	1247.04±63.83 bc
	Coverage	0.99 a	0.99 a	0.99 a	0.99 a	0.98 a	0.99 a	0.99 a
	Simpson	0.96 a	0.97 a	0.98 a	0.95 a	0.97 a	0.75 b	0.96 a
同行数据后不同小写字母表示处理间显著性差异（P＜0.05）。 Data with different lowercase letters on same row indicated significant differences between treatments (P＜0.05).

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表 4 微生物多样性指数与土壤酶活的相关关系

Table 4. Correlation between microbial diversity index and enzyme activity of soil

项目 Items	评估指数 Assessment index	脲酶 URE	过氧化氢酶 CAT	蔗糖酶 INV	酸性磷酸酶 ACP
细菌 Bacteria	Ace	0.325	−0.193	0.641**	0.597**
	Shannon	0.026	0.080	0.869**	0.530*
	Chao	0.404	−0.314	0.554**	0.638**
	Coverage	—	—	—	—
真菌 Fungus	Ace	0.376	−0.415	0.070	0.597**
	Shannon	0.421	−0.270	0.368	0.438*
	Chao	0.373	−0.401	0.119	0.632*
	Coverage	−0.169	0.279	0.142	−0.194

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表 5 土壤微生物优势门类与土壤酶活之间的相关关系

Table 5. Correlations among dominant microbial phyla, nutrients, and enzyme activity in soil

项目 Items	种类 Phylum	URE	CAT	INV	ACP
细菌 Bacteria	变形菌门 Proteobacteria	0.538**	−0.500*	0.008	0.010
	酸杆菌门 Acidobacteria	−0.126	0.171	0.087	0.098
	绿弯菌门 Chloroflexi	−0.730**	0.585**	−0.236	−0.408
	放线菌门 Actinobacteria	0.507*	−0.464*	−0.069	0.456*
	拟杆菌门 Bacteroidetes	0.614**	−0.478*	0.101	0.174
	黏胶球形菌 Latescibacteria	−0.429	0.341	0.079	−0.258
	疣微菌门 Verrucomicrobia	0.306	−0.239	−0.496*	−0.132
	芽单胞菌门 Gemmatimonadetes	−0.449*	0.383	0.531*	−0.041
	浮霉菌门 Planctomycetes	0.109	−0.048	−0.333	−0.259
	硝化螺旋菌门 Nitrospirae	−0.692**	0.680**	0.679**	−0.045
	梭杆菌门 Saccharibacteria	0.811**	−0.668**	−0.174	0.430
	蓝细菌门 Cyanobacteria	0.374	−0.195	0.041	0.449*
	迷踪菌门 Elusimicrobia	−0.329	0.315	−0.259	−0.239
	俭菌总门 Parcubacteria	−0.432	0.382	−0.309	−0.603**
	厚壁菌门 Firmicutes	0.715**	−0.494*	−0.243	0.291
真菌 Fungus	子囊菌门 Ascomycota	0.555**	−0.696**	0.185	0.396
	担子菌门 Basidiomycota	0.066	0.009	−0.206	−0.088
	未鉴定 unidentified	0.265	−0.300	0.145	0.165
	被孢霉门Mortierellomycota	−0.755**	0.667**	−0.014	−0.310
	球囊菌门 Glomeromycota	−0.836**	0.717**	0.334	−0.211
	壶菌门 Chytridiomycota	−0.030	0.095	0.103	−0.067
	梳霉门 Kickxellomycota	−0.833**	0.738**	0.338	−0.313
	罗兹菌门 Rozellomycota	0.353	−0.186	−0.285	0.057
	Calcarisporiellomycota	−0.682**	0.602**	−0.098	−0.394

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