观赏海棠种子内源激素动态变化与胚胎败育关系

彭琴; 张往祥

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.007.010

观赏海棠种子内源激素动态变化与胚胎败育关系

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.007.010

彭琴^1,,
张往祥^{1, 2, ,}

1.
南京林业大学林学院，江苏　南京　210037
2.
扬州小苹果园艺有限公司，江苏　扬州　225000

基金项目: 扬州市科技计划项目（YZ2019037）

详细信息

作者简介:
彭琴（1998−），女，研究方向：观赏海棠花香调控机制（E-mail：Pengqin409@163.com）

通讯作者:
张往祥（1964−），男，博士，教授，研究方向：观赏木本花卉遗传育种、栽培管理与应用（E-mail: malus2011@163.com）

中图分类号: S 685.99
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-12-13
- 修回日期: 2022-06-07
- 网络出版日期: 2022-08-07
- 刊出日期: 2022-07-28

Correlation between Changes on Endogenous Hormones and Embryo Abortion of Ornamental Crabapple Seeds

PENG Qin^1
,,
ZHANG Wangxiang^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu　210037, China
2.
Little Apple Horticulture Company of Yangzhou, Yangzhou, Jiangsu　225000, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究观赏海棠种子内源激素赤霉素（GA₃）、脱落酸（ABA）、细胞分裂素（CTK）、吲哚乙酸（IAA）等动态变化与胚胎败育关系。方法选取低败育率的红珠宝（M. Red Jewel）和高败育率的凯尔斯（M. Kelsey）为材料，分析果实生长发育过程中胚胎败育、内源激素含量的动态变化及相互间关系。结果凯尔斯在授粉后1～13 d挂果率急速下降，在授粉后54 d趋于稳定，红珠宝与凯尔斯的果实挂果率有显著差异（P＜0.05）。在胚胎发育前期，低败育率的红珠宝种子内源激素GA₃、IAA含量及GA₃/ABA、（GA₃+IAA+CTK）/ABA比值显著高于高败育率的凯尔斯（P＜0.05）；在胚胎发育后期，低败育率的红珠宝种子内源激素GA₃、ABA、IAA含量及IAA/ABA、GA₃/ABA、（GA₃+IAA+CTK）/ABA比值显著低于高败育率的凯尔斯（P＜0.05）。结论授粉后1～13 d是凯尔斯生理落果期，在生产上，该时期落果严重，是提高凯尔斯坐果率及果实观赏价值的最佳时期；授粉后1～54 d是红珠宝与凯尔斯胚胎败育发生的主要时期，大量胚败育果实在胚胎发育完成后并未脱落，而是持续生长到果实成熟，这与种子中高水平GA₃含量和（GA₃+IAA+CTK）/ABA比值没有下降反而升高有关。在胚胎发育早期，保持种子较高浓度GA₃和IAA能确保其正常发育，在胚胎发育晚期，种子内单一激素的高低无法确保胚胎的正常发育，低浓度的GA₃和IAA能确保其正常发育。
- 观赏海棠 /
- 果实生长 /
- 落果 /
- 败育 /
- 内源激素
Abstract: Objective Correlation between the changes on endogenous hormones and embryo abortion of ornamental crabapple seeds was investigated. Method Ornamental crabapple varieties, Malus Red Jewel with low abortion rate and M. Kelsey with high abortion rate, were compared on the endogenous hormones, including gibberellin GA₃, abscisic acid ABA, cytokinin CTK, and indoleacetic acid IAA, in the seeds during fruit growth and development. The dynamic changes were correlated to the seed embryo abortion rate. Results There was significant difference on the fruit setting rate between M. Red Jewel and M. Kelsey (P＜0.05) as that of M. Kelsey declined rapidly from one to 13 d and became stable at 54 d after pollination. In the early stage of embryonic development, the contents of GA₃ and IAA and ratios of GA₃/ABA and (GA₃+IAA+CTK)/ABA in the seeds of M. Red Jewel were significantly higher than those of M. Kelsey (P＜0.05). Conversely, in the later stage, the GA₃, ABA, IAA, IAA/ABA, GA₃/ABA, and (GA₃+IAA+CTK)/ABA of M. Red Jewel became significantly lower than those of M. Kelsey (P＜0.05). Conclusion The physiological fruit-dropping of M. Kelsey occurred in 1–13 d after pollination. It was the optimum time to alter the fruit-setting and improve the ornamental value of an M. tree. Embryonic abortion of both varieties of the crabapple took place within 54 d after pollination. Most of the fruits with aborted embryos did not fall off the tree and continued to grow to maturity due possibly to the increased GA₃ and (GA₃+IAA+CTK)/ABA ratio in the seeds. Consequently, maintaining a high content of GA₃ and IAA in the early stage could ensure a normal seed development. Once reached the late stage, no individual hormone, short of low level GA₃and IAA, could warrant a normal embryonic development.
- Ornamental crabapple /
- fruit growth /
- fruit dropping /
- embryo abortion /
- endogenous hormones

HTML全文

图 1 红珠宝和凯尔斯果实生长规律

图中*表示红珠宝与凯尔斯之间差异显著（P<0.05），下同。

Figure 1. Growth of M. Red Jewel and M. Kelsey fruits

* indicate significant differences between M. Red Jewel and M. Kelsey (P<0.05). Same for bellow.

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图 2 红珠宝和凯尔斯果实生长发育过程中种子内源激素含量的动态变化

Figure 2. Dynamic changes on endogenous hormones in seeds during growth and development of M. Red Jewel and M. Kelsey fruits

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图 3 红珠宝和凯尔斯果实生长发育过程中种子内源激素平衡关系

Figure 3. Balance between endogenous hormones in seeds during growth and development of M. Red Jewel and M. Kelsey fruits

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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