福建鲜食玉米单倍体诱导系的选育

廖长见; 谢迎春; 林建新; 张扬; 林静; 卢和顶; 陈山虎; 林海建

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.008.001

福建鲜食玉米单倍体诱导系的选育

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.008.001

1.
福建省农业科学院作物研究所/福建省特色旱作物品种选育工程技术研究中心，福建　福州　350013
2.
四川农业大学玉米研究所，四川　成都　611130

基金项目: 福建省科技计划公益类专项（2019R1031-13、2021R1031006）；福建省种业创新与产业化工程项目（zycxny2021006）；福建省科技计划重大专项（2020NZ08017）；福建省农业科学院科技创新团队建设项目（CXTD2021011-2）

详细信息

作者简介:
廖长见（1979−），男，硕士，副研究员，主要从事玉米遗传育种工作（E-mail：liaocj1978@163.com）

通讯作者:
林海建（1981−），男，博士，副研究员，主要从事玉米单倍体育种工作（E-mail：linhj521@163.com）

中图分类号: S 513
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-01-14
- 录用日期: 2022-01-14
- 修回日期: 2022-04-24
- 网络出版日期: 2022-08-08
- 刊出日期: 2022-08-28

Breeding Haploid-induced Corn Lines for Fresh Consumption in Fujian

1.
Institute of Crops Research, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Technical Research Center of Dry Crop Variety Breeding in Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian　350013, China
2.
Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan　611130, China

摘要

摘要: 目的玉米单倍体技术已成功应用于玉米商业化育种，极大地提高了玉米育种效率。针对福建省玉米单倍体育种起步晚、缺乏适应本地的诱导系等问题，开展适应福建气候特点的玉米单倍体诱导系选育，为福建鲜食玉米单倍体育种提供材料。方法利用外引高频单倍体诱导系MHI和EDI、高油型诱导系H3为基础材料，分别加入甜、糯玉米种质构建基础群体，在自交纯合的同时进行适应性、油分和诱导率测定。结果选育出适合福建省鲜食玉米单倍体育种的诱导系2份，分别命名为FSI-4和FWI-2。其中FSI-4为高油型甜质诱导系，平均诱导率为10.32%，农艺性状及抗病性优良，花粉量大，油分含量8.99%，可采用油分标记进行筛选；FWI-2为糯质型单倍体诱导系，该系诱导率平均为11.08%，植株农艺性状及抗病性优良，花粉量大，颜色标记清晰，适合糯玉米单倍体诱导。结论选育出的诱导系FSI-4和FWI-2具有综合农艺性状优良、抗病性好、花粉量大、颜色标记及含油量高等优点，可用于福建省鲜食玉米单倍体高效育种。
- 鲜食玉米 /
- 单倍体 /
- 诱导系 /
- 育种
Abstract: Objective The haploid technology for high-efficient commercial corn breeding was applied to provide an exemplary breeding program in Fujian. Method The external high-frequency induction MHI and EDI and the oil-rich induction H3 were combined with the materials from local adaptive sweet and waxy corn cultivars to establish a base population. Through continuous testing for oil content, adaptability, and haploid induction rate during breed self-purification, new corn varieties were obtained. Result Two haploid-induced corn lines suitable for fresh consumption were selected. FSI-4 had a relatively high oil content with an average induction rate of 10.32%. It displayed desirable agronomic characters, large amount of pollen, and strong overall resistance. The 8.99% oil content could be further improved by selective breeding using the target markers. The haploid-induced common waxy corn FWI-2 had an average induction rate of 11.08%. It also demonstrated with desirable agronomic characters, large amount of pollen, strong overall resistance, and distinct color markers. The two breeds were both applicable for haploid induction of new corn variety breeding program. Conclusion Two haploid-induced corn lines were obtained to be used as a material for haploid breeding of fresh-consumption corn cultivars in Fujian.
- Fresh-consumption corn /
- haploid /
- induced line /
- breeding

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图 1 单倍体诱导系选系基础材料构建

Figure 1. Basic material construction for breeding haploid-induced lines

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图 2 2个新选诱导系果穗及植株情况

A：甜质高油型，B：糯质普通型。

Figure 2. Ears and plants of two new haploid-induced corn lines

A: sweet and oil-rich corn; B: common waxy corn.

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表 1 玉米诱导系及其他基础材料

Table 1. Induced corn lines and other basic materials

材料名称 Material	系谱/血缘 Pedigree	特征特性 Characteristic	来源 Origin
EDI	温带诱导系	诱导率9%～13%，颜色标记清晰，抗倒性好，花粉量少，抗病性和结实性较差	美国
MHI	温热诱导系	诱导率8%～12%，颜色标记清晰，农艺性状较好，抗病性、抗倒性较差	欧洲
H3	温带诱导系	高油型诱导系，诱导率7%～10%左右，花粉量大，抗倒性和颜色标记较差	中国农业大学
闽甜系688 Mintianxi688	甜玉米种质	热带甜玉米种质，抗性好，散粉量大，适应性强，无诱导性	福建省农业科学院
闽糯系Wn68 MinnuoxiWn68	糯玉米种质	热带糯玉米种质，抗性好，散粉量大，适应性强，无诱导性	福建省农业科学院
闽甜685 Mintian6855	杂交种	甜玉米杂交种，温热种质，母本材料	福建省农业科学院
万糯2000 Wannuo2000	杂交种	热源糯玉米杂交种，母本材料	河北省万全种业

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表 2 高油型玉米诱导系不同世代油分含量分布

Table 2. Oil content in generations of oil-rich induced corn lines

世代 Offspring	样本量 Sample Number /粒	变幅 Amplitude/%	油分含量0% Oil content 0%		油分含量 0.01%～3.00% Oil content 0.01%～3.00%		油分含量 3.01%～6.00% Oil content 3.01%～6.00%		油分含量 6.01%～8.00% Oil content 6.01%～8.00%		油分含量 8.01%～9.00% Oil content 8.01%～9.00%		油分含量＞9.00% Oil content ＞9.00%
世代 Offspring	样本量 Sample Number /粒	变幅 Amplitude/%	种子数 Number	占比 Percentage/%	种子数 Number	占比 Percentage/%	种子数 Number	占比 Percentage/%	种子数 Number	占比 Percentage/%	种子数 Number	占比 Percentage/%	种子数 Number	占比 Percentage/%
双交种 Double hybrid	1345	0～8.23	78	5.8	432	32.1	623	46.3	167	12.4	45	3.3	0	0.0
BC1F1	7651	0～9.42	892	11.7	1072	14.0	2987	39.0	1937	25.3	656	8.6	107	1.4
BC1F2	3644	0～9.25	527	14.5	298	8.2	592	16.2	1733	47.6	432	11.9	62	1.7
BC1F3	2241	0～9.49	252	11.2	132	5.9	321	14.3	1243	55.5	281	12.5	12	0.5
BC1F4	2948	0～9.32	278	9.4	127	4.3	392	13.3	1448	49.1	672	22.8	31	1.1
BC1F5	1781	0～8.35	174	9.8	88	4.9	241	13.5	692	38.9	543	30.5	43	2.4
BC1F6	1590	0～8.29	188	11.8	62	3.9	212	13.3	527	33.1	550	34.6	51	3.2

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表 3 高油型玉米诱导系不同世代单倍体诱导率分布

Table 3. Haploid induction rate of oil-rich induced corn lines in generations

世代 Offspring	株数 Number	变幅 Amplitude/ %	平均值 Average/ %	诱导率0% Haploid induction rate 0%		诱导率 0.01%～3.00% Haploid induction rate 0.01%～3.00%		诱导率 3.01%～6.00% Haploid induction rate 3.01%～6.00%		诱导率 6.01%～8.00% Haploid induction rate 6.01%～8.00%		诱导率 8.01%～9.00% Haploid induction rate 8.01%～9.00%		诱导率＞9.00% Haploid induction rate＞9.00%
世代 Offspring	株数 Number	变幅 Amplitude/ %	平均值 Average/ %	株数 Number	比例 Percentage/%	株数 Number	比例 Percentage/%	株数 Number	比例 Percentage/%	株数 Number	比例 Percentage/%	株数 Number	比例 Percentage/%	株数 Number	比例 Percentage/%
双交种 Double hybrid	125	0～9.22	4.71	6	4.8	11	8.8	72	57.6	30	24.0	5	4.0	1	0.8
BC1F1	143	0～9.81	5.52	3	2.1	9	6.3	48	33.6	64	44.8	16	11.2	3	2.1
BC1F2	76	1.17～11.35	6.18	0	0.0	6	7.9	19	25.0	30	39.5	14	18.4	7	9.2
BC1F3	90	2.31～12.18	7.39	0	0.0	6	6.7	13	14.4%	43	47.8	19	21.1	9	10.0
BC1F4	48	4.39～11.24	7.66	0	0.0	3	6.3	5	10.4	19	39.6	13	27.1	8	16.7
BC1F5	46	5.88～11.19	8.33	0	0.0	0	0.0	3	6.5	7	15.2	28	60.9	8	17.4
BC1F6	16	7.92～11.96	8.77	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	6.3	11	50.0	5	43.8

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表 4 糯质型单倍体诱导系不同世代单倍体诱导率分布

Table 4. Haploid induction rate of haploid-induced waxy corn lines in generations

世代 Offspring	株数 Number	变幅 Amplitude/ %	平均值 Average/ %	单倍体诱导率 0.01%～3.00% Haploid induction rate 0.01%～3.00%		单倍体诱导率 3.01%～6.00% Haploid induction 3.01%～6.00%		单倍体诱导率 6.01%～8.00% Haploid induction 6.01%～8.00%		单倍体诱导率 8.01%～9.00% Haploid induction 8.01%～9.00%		单倍体诱导率＞9.00% Haploid induction ＞9.00%
世代 Offspring	株数 Number	变幅 Amplitude/ %	平均值 Average/ %	株数 Number	比例 Percentage/ %	株数 Number	比例 Percentage/ %	株数 Number	比例 Percentage/ %	株数 Number	比例 Percentage/ %	株数 Number	比例 Percentage/ %
三交种 Trible hybrid	160	0.85～8.29	3.21	83	51.9	47	29.4	25	15.6	5	3.1	0	0.8
BC1F1	125	2.35～11.04	6.42	7	5.6	28	22.4	42	33.6	36	28.8	12	2.1
BC1F2	212	5.43～11.29	7.82	0	0.0	9	4.2	57	26.9	117	55.2	29	9.2
BC1F3	110	7.31～12.58	8.42	0	0.0	0	0.0	23	20.9	58	52.7	29	10.0
BC1F4	79	7.65～11.88	8.79	0	0.0	0	0.0	9	11.4	21	26.6	49	16.7
BC1F5	86	8.21～12.37	9.23	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	19	22.1	67	17.4
BC1F6	10	8.92～12.66	9.47	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	7	70.0	3	30.00

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表 5 普通型糯质单倍体诱导系不同世代农艺性状

Table 5. Agronomic characteristics of haploid-induced common waxy corn line in generations

编号 Number	株高 Plant height/cm	穗位高 Ear height/cm	雄穗分支数 Tassel number/个	穗长 Ear length/cm	穗粗 Ear width/cm	穗行数 Rows per ear/行	行粒数 Kernels per row/粒	油分含量 Oil content/%	诱导率 HIR/%	综合抗性 Comprehensive resistance
FSI-1F	183.4	76.5	9.3	12.4	4.4	10.6	21.4	9.18	9.15	优
FSI-1Y	179.3	79.5	8.8	11.7	4.6	9.8	22.7	8.87	8.92	优
FSI-2F	197.5	81.3	8.4	15.4	4.5	10.2	19.5	10.03	9.32	优
FSI-2Y	185.6	82.5	8.3	16.3	4.7	10.7	22.6	9.48	11.45	良
FSI-3F	172.8	64.4	9.2	13.3	4.2	8.8	19.6	8.83	11.32	优
FSI-3Y	177.6	68.7	9.4	12.7	3.9	8.4	21.2	9.31	10.27	中等
FSI-4F	199.2	80.1	10.3	16.5	5.2	12.2	21.9	8.93	9.76	优
FSI-4Y	201.9	83.3	9.8	15.7	4.9	11.6	22.2	9.04	10.87	优
FSI-5F	181.6	72.5	7.8	13.2	4.4	11.8	22.3	8.85	9.25	中等
FSI-5Y	179.7	68.9	7.2	12.6	4.5	9.8	18.5	9.33	9.72	良
FWI-1F	159.4	64.4	6.8	11.2	4.1	10.6	20.5	2.33	10.35	良
FWI-1Y	166.5	71.2	7.4	12.3	4.5	9.7	21.2	3.17	9.21	良
FWI-2F	184.3	73.4	6.7	16.8	5.6	12.7	23.1	2.19	11.32	优
FWI-2F	190.5	76.2	7.1	15.7	5.3	12.3	21.9	1.85	10.84	优
FWI-3F	174.5	69.2	7.5	13.4	4.6	10.8	19.3	1.67	8.62	中等
FWI-3Y	176.6	71.3	6.9	12.5	4.7	11.3	18.5	2.03	8.93	优
F、Y分别代表福建（F）和云南（Y）。 F: Fujian; Y: Yunnan.

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