花生玉米间作对土壤酶活性、养分及作物产量的影响

詹柳琪; 郭陞垚; 黄佳华; 龙安; 陈剑洪

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.008.004

花生玉米间作对土壤酶活性、养分及作物产量的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.008.004

泉州市农业科学研究所，福建　泉州　362212

基金项目: 国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-13）；福建省科技计划星火项目（2021S0031）；泉州市科技计划项目（2020C065）

详细信息

作者简介:
詹柳琪（1989−），女，硕士，助理研究员，研究方向：花生育种与土壤肥料（E-mail：qzcathy@qq.com）

通讯作者:
陈剑洪（1972−），男，研究员，研究方向：花生育种（E-mail：quanhua0595@163.com）

中图分类号: S 565.2
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-01-21
- 修回日期: 2022-07-12
- 网络出版日期: 2022-08-08
- 刊出日期: 2022-08-28

Crop Yield, Rhizosphere Enzyme Activity, and Soil Fertility as Affected by Peanut/Maize Intercropping

Quanzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Quanzhou, Fujian　362212, China

摘要

摘要: 目的研究花生玉米间作对土壤酶活性、养分及作物产量的影响。方法采用大田试验的方法，以泉花557及雪甜7401为材料，在不同生育时期，测定花生单作、玉米单作和花生玉米间作根际土壤养分含量和酶活性的变化规律，并进行相关性分析。结果（1）在花生开花下针期和结荚期，花生玉米间作处理作物根际土壤脲酶活性分别比花生单作提高4.7%和5.0%，分别比玉米单作提高了2.6%和4.3%。（2）在花生苗期、开花下针期及花生成熟期，间作处理作物根际土壤酸性磷酸酶活性分别比花生单作提高8.0%、13.0%和34.7%，分别比玉米单作提高11.1%、19.6%和6.4%。（3）在花生苗期、开花下针期、结荚期及花生成熟期，花生玉米间作处理作物根际土壤蔗糖酶活性分别比花生单作提高1.5%、21.5%、11.2%和6.4%，分别比玉米单作提高了46.4%、33.8%、27.3%和11.1%。（4）在花生成熟期时，间作根区土壤的碱解氮和速效钾含量分别比玉米单作提高15.11%和5.66%，碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别比花生单作提高了3.42%、13.17%和11.39%。（5）相关性分析结果表明，在花生开花下针期，碱解氮与酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶存在显著正相关关系（P＜0.05），有效磷与酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶存在显著正相关关系（P＜0.05）；在花生结荚期，碱解氮与蔗糖酶存在显著正相关关系（P＜0.05）；速效钾与酸性磷酸酶存在显著正相关关系（P＜0.05）；在花生成熟期，速效钾与过氧化氢酶存在显著正相关关系（P＜0.05）。（6）花生玉米间作的经济收益为48 217.50 元·hm⁻²，分别比花生单作和玉米单作的收益增加8 842.50 元·hm⁻²和3 157.50 元·hm⁻²。结论花生玉米间作可以改善两种作物根际土壤酶活性和养分状况，并能提高经济效益。
- 花生 /
- 玉米 /
- 间作 /
- 酶活性 /
- 养分
Abstract: Objective Effects of peanut/maize intercropping on crop yield, rhizosphere enzyme activity, and nutrients in soil were studied. Method In a field experiment, Quanhua 557 peanut and Xuetian 7401 maize plants were cultivated either separately or under intercropping. The resulting crop yields as well as the nutrient content and enzyme activity in the rhizosphere soils were monitored at different growth stages of peanut monoculture, maize monoculture and peanut/maize intercropping for a correlation analysis. Result (1) In comparison with monoculture, peanut intercropped with maize raised the rhizosphere urease activity by 4.7% at peanut flowering stage, and by 5.0% at pod setting stage. For maize, the increases at the stages were 2.6% and 4.3%, respectively. (2) During seedling, flowering/needle setting, and maturation of the peanut plants, the acid phosphatase activities in soil were 8.0%, 13.0%, and 34.7%, respectively, higher under intercropping than monoculture. For maize, the activities rose by 11.1%, 19.6%, and 6.4%, respectively. (3) In the seedling, flowering/needle setting, pod setting, and maturation of peanut plants, the invertase activity in soil increased 1.5%, 21.5%, 11.2%, and 6.4%, respectively, by the intercropping. In those stages of maize plants, the increases were 46.4%, 33.8%, 27.3%, and 11.1%, respectively. (4) At peanut maturation, the contents of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium in the intercropped rhizosphere soil were 15.11% and 5.66%, respectively, higher than those of maize monoculture, while the contents of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium 3.42%, 13.17%, and 11.39%, respectively, higher than those of monoculture. (5) A significant correlation existed between the alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen and the activities of acid phosphatase and sucrase, as well as between the available phosphorus and the activities of acid phosphatase and sucrase, in soil when the peanut plants were flowering and needle setting (P＜0.05). At the pod setting stage, it was one between the alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen and the invertase activity (P＜0.05), and another between the available potassium and the acid phosphatase (P＜0.05). At maturity of peanut, available potassium in the rhizosphere soil correlated significantly with catalase activity (P＜0.05). (6) The intercropping generated 48 217.50 yuan·hm⁻² in revenue, which was 8 842.50 yuan·hm⁻² more than the peanut monoculture or 3 157.50 yuan·hm⁻² more than the maize monoculture. Conclusion The peanut/maize intercropping significantly increased the enzyme activity and nutrient contents in the rhizosphere soil as well as the economic return over monoculture of either crop.
- Peanuts /
- maize /
- intercropping /
- enzyme activity /
- nutrient

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图 1 花生玉米间作种植示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of peanut/maize intercropping

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图 2 不同时期花生玉米间作对土壤脲酶活性影响

注：大写字母不同表示差异极显著（P<0.01），小写字母不同表示差异显著（P<0.05）。显著性分析为按各时期分析，下图同。

Figure 2. Effect of peanut/maize intercropping at different stages of plant growth on soil urease activity

Note: Different capital letters mean significant difference (P<0.01), and different lowercase letters mean significant difference (P<0.05). The significance analysis is based on the same period, and the following fig is the same.

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图 3 不同时期花生玉米间作对土壤酸性磷酸酶活性影响

Figure 3. Effect of peanut/maize intercropping at different stages of plant growth on soil acid phosphatase activity

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图 4 不同时期花生玉米间作对土壤蔗糖酶活性影响

Figure 4. Effect of peanut/maize intercropping at different stages of plant growth on soil invertase activity

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图 5 不同时期花生玉米间作对土壤过氧化氢酶活性影响

Figure 5. Effect of peanut/maize intercropping at different stages of plant growth on soil catalase activity

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图 6 不同时期花生玉米间作对土壤碱解氮影响

Figure 6. Effect of peanut/maize intercropping at different stages of plant growth on soil alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen

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图 7 不同时期花生玉米间作对土壤有效磷影响

Figure 7. Effect of peanut/maize intercropping at different stages of plant growth on soil available phosphorus

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图 8 不同时期花生玉米间作对土壤速效钾影响

Figure 8. Effect of peanut/maize intercropping at different stages of plant growth on soil available potassium

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表 1 不同时期土壤养分与酶活性的相关性分析

Table 1. Correlation between soil nutrients and enzyme activities at different stages of plant growth

时期 Stage	项目 Item	脲酶 Soil urease activity	酸性磷酸酶 Soil acid phosphataseactivity	蔗糖酶 Soil invertase activity	过氧化氢酶 Soil catalase activity
花生苗期 Peanut seedling stage	碱解氮 Alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen	−0.825	−0.176	−0.801	0.809
	有效磷 Available phosphorus	0.932	0.913	0.946	0.031
	速效钾 Available potassium	−0.731	0.027	−0.702	0.888
花生开花下针期 Flowering and needle setting stage of peanut	碱解氮 Alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen	0.907	0.956*	0.954*	0.947
	有效磷 Available phosphorus	0.852	0.984*	0.983*	0.903
	速效钾 Available potassium	−0.562	0.135	0.140	−0.469
花生结荚期 Peanut pod setting stage	碱解氮 Alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen	0.546	0.826	0.952*	−0.133
	有效磷 Available phosphorus	0.529	0.837	0.946	−0.153
	速效钾 Available potassium	0.232	0.968*	0.794	−0.459
花生成熟期 Peanut maturity	碱解氮 Alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen	−0.884	−0.054	0.923	0.454
	有效磷 Available phosphorus	0.835	0.901	−0.105	0.563
	速效钾 Available potassium	0.212	0.947	0.621	0.980*
为P＜0.05，为P＜0.01。 means P＜0.05; **means P＜0.01.

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表 2 花生玉米间作对产量及经济效益的影响

Table 2. Effects of peanut/maize intercropping on crop yield and economic benefits

处理 Treatment	产量 Yield/（kg·hm⁻²）	单价 Unit Price/（Yuan·kg^-1）	效益 Benefit/（元·hm⁻²）
单作花生（泉花557） Peanutmonoculture (Quanhua 557)	3937.50	10.00	39375.00
单作玉米（雪甜7401） Corn monoculture (Xuetian 7401)	9012.00	5.00	45060.00
间作花生（泉花557） Intercropping peanut (Quanhua 557)	1900.50	10.00	48217.50
间作玉米（雪甜7401） Intercropping corn (Xuetian 7401)	5842.50	5.00	48217.50

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