红心莲毁灭炭疽病菌生物学特性及高效安全药剂筛选

董金龙

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.008.012

红心莲毁灭炭疽病菌生物学特性及高效安全药剂筛选

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.008.012

董金龙

长泰金诺农业科技有限公司，福建　漳州　363902

基金项目: 福建省林业科技项目[闽林科便函（2020）9号]

详细信息

作者简介:
董金龙（1973−），男，硕士，高级工程师，研究方向：园艺植物栽培与加工贮运技术（E-mail：306327862@qq.com）

中图分类号: S 436
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- 文章访问数: 261
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-02-19
- 修回日期: 2022-06-13
- 网络出版日期: 2022-10-05
- 刊出日期: 2022-08-28

Biological Characteristics and Fungicides for Effective Control of Colletotrichum destructivum on Echeveria Perle von Nürnberg

DONG Jinlong

Changtai Jin Nuo Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou, Fujian　363902, China

摘要

摘要: 目的明确红心莲炭疽病菌毁灭炭疽菌（Colletotrichum destructivum）的生物学特性。测定不同化学结构和作用机制的6种杀菌剂对毁灭炭疽菌的室内毒力，筛选高效安全杀菌剂。方法采用菌丝生长速率法测定温度、pH、光周期和碳、氮源对菌丝生长的影响，以及6种杀菌剂对毁灭炭疽菌抑制效果。结果毁灭炭疽菌菌丝生长最适温度为30 ℃、最适pH为8，光周期对菌丝生长影响小，最适碳、氮源分别为淀粉和酵母。室内毒力测定结果表明，所选的6种杀菌剂对病原菌毒力差异大，其中咯菌腈的毒力最强，EC₅₀为0.0236 mg·L⁻¹；其次为咪鲜胺和吡唑醚菌酯，EC₅₀分别为0.0306 和0.0487 mg·L⁻¹；甲基硫菌灵和苯醚甲环唑的毒力较弱，EC₅₀分别为0.1526和0.1955 mg·L⁻¹；多菌灵的毒力最弱，EC₅₀为0.2199 mg·L⁻¹。结论温度、pH、碳氮源对毁灭炭疽菌菌丝生长具有一定影响。咯菌腈、咪鲜胺和吡唑醚菌酯等杀菌剂对毁灭炭疽菌有较好的室内毒力。
- 红心莲 /
- 毁灭炭疽菌 /
- 生物学特性 /
- 药剂 /
- 毒力测定
Abstract: Objective Biological characteristics of Colletotrichum destructivum that infects Echeveria Perle von Nürnberg and in vitro toxicity of 6 fungicides on the pathogen were studied for the disease control. Method Effects of temperature, pH, photoperiods, carbon, and nitrogen on the growth and 6 fungicides on their legality on C. destructivum were determined by an in vitro culture method. Result The optimum growth conditions for C. destructivum were 30 ℃ at pH 8 on medium using starch for carbon and yeast for nitrogen resources. Photoperiods did not significant affect the mycelial growth. The 6 selected fungicides exhibited varying degrees of efficacy against C. destructivum. The EC₅₀ of fludioxonil at 0.023 6 mg·L⁻¹ was the most potent of them. It was followed by prochloraz at 0.030 6 mg·L⁻¹, pyraclostrobin at 0.048 7 mg·L⁻¹, thiophanate-methyl at 0.152 6 mg·L⁻¹, difenoconazole at 0.195 5 mg·L⁻¹, and carbendazim at 0.219 9 mg·L⁻¹. Conclusion The growth of C. destructivum was affected by temperature, pH, carbon, and nitrogen and inhibited by fludioxonil, prochloraz, and pyraclostrobin.
- Echeveria Perle von Nürnberg /
- Colletotrichum destructivum /
- biological characteristics /
- fungicides /
- toxicity determination

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图 1 温度对毁灭炭疽病菌菌丝生长的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异极显著（P＜0.05）。下同。

Figure 1. Mycelial growth of C. destructivum affected by temperature

Data with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments (P＜0.05). Same for below.

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图 2 pH对毁灭炭疽病菌菌丝生长的影响

Figure 2. Mycelial growth of C. destructivum affected by pH

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图 3 光周期对毁灭炭疽病菌菌丝生长的影响

Figure 3. Mycelial growth of C. destructivum affected by photoperiods

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图 4 碳源对毁灭炭疽病病原菌菌丝生长的影响

Figure 4. Mycelial growth of C. destructivum affected by carbon source

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图 5 氮源对毁灭炭疽病病原菌菌丝生长的影响

Figure 5. Mycelial growth of C. destructivum affected by nitrogen source

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表 1 6种杀菌剂对毁灭炭疽病菌的室内毒力

Table 1. Toxicities of 6 fungicides against C. destructivum

供试药剂 Fungicides	毒力回归方程 Toxicity regression equation	EC₅₀/（mg·L⁻¹）	95% 置信区间 95% confidence interval /（mg·L⁻¹）	相关系数 r Correlation coefficient r
甲基硫菌灵 Thiophanate-Methyl	y=5.556 4+0.681 6x	0.152 6	0.122 9～0.189 6	0.996 8
咪鲜胺 Prochloraz	y=5.772 6+0.510 1x	0.030 6	0.024 6～0.038 0	0.997 4
吡唑醚菌酯Pyraclostrobin	y=5.789 9+0.601 9x	0.048 7	0.042 6～0.055 7	0.998 9
咯菌腈 Fludioxonil	y=5.817 3+0.502 2x	0.023 6	0.019 8～0.028 0	0.998 4
苯醚甲环唑Difenoconazole	y=5.520 3+0.733 9x	0.195 5	0.145 4～0.262 8	0.994 3
多菌灵 Carbendazim	y=5.472 8+0.718 9x	0.219 9	0.181 0～0.267 2	0.997 5

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