凤眼莲基质对猪场沼液污染物的吸附及其肥料化利用

王妙玲; 文美君; 杨钙仁; 田雪; 邓羽松; 蒋代华; 黄智刚

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.008.015

凤眼莲基质对猪场沼液污染物的吸附及其肥料化利用

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.008.015

1.
广西大学林学院，广西　南宁　530004
2.
广西大学农学院，广西　南宁　530004

基金项目: 广西创新驱动发展专项（桂科AA17204078）；广西科技惠民专项（桂科转1599001-6）

详细信息

作者简介:
王妙玲（1997−），女，硕士研究生，研究方向：面源污染（E-mail：wanmiling312@163.com）

通讯作者:
杨钙仁（1976−），男，博士，教授，研究方向：生态水文与污染生态治理（E-mail：yanggr@gxu.edu.cn）

中图分类号: X 712
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-10-28
- 修回日期: 2022-02-21
- 网络出版日期: 2022-08-08
- 刊出日期: 2022-08-28

Adsorption of Pig Farm Biogas Slurry Contaminants by Eichhornia crassipes Substrate and Use of Spent Material for Fertilization

1.
Forestry College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi　530004, China
2.
Agriculture College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi　530004, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨凤眼莲Eichhornia crassipes(Mart.) Solms基质对猪场养殖沼液中污染物的吸附去除效率，结合其堆肥所得到的有机肥产品的可利用性，为优化凤眼莲人工湿地传统模式及凤眼莲基质的二次利用提供科学依据。方法通过凤眼莲基质吸附猪场沼液试验，研究其对沼液污染物的去除效果和较佳吸附条件；通过堆肥试验，研究基质所吸附氮磷的有机肥转化率和重金属富集特征。结果 1）新鲜凤眼莲基质对猪场沼液营养性物质的最佳吸附条件为基质长度1.0~2.0 cm、液固比50∶1、吸附时间3 h，该条件下对总固体悬浮物(Total suspended solid， TSS)、化学需氧量（Chemical oxygen demand，COD_Cr）、总氮（Total nitrogen，TN）、氨氮（Ammonia nitrogen，NH₃-N）和总磷（Total phosphorus，TP）的去除率分别为86.3%、72.5%、41.6%、57.2%和69.6%；2）经堆肥后凤眼莲基质从沼液中所吸附的N和P分别有58.8%和42.0%转化为有机肥养分；3）除As外，Cd、Pb、Cr、Hg等未在有机肥中出现富集现象。结论猪场沼液处理采用凤眼莲基质吸附+凤眼莲人工湿地+凤眼莲基质堆肥的模式优于凤眼莲人工湿地传统模式。该模式下，凤眼莲基质和猪场沼液均做到了肥料化利用。
- 凤眼莲基质 /
- 吸附条件 /
- 去除率 /
- 氮磷转化率 /
- 堆肥
Abstract: Objective Ability of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) substrate in adsorbing contaminants in the biogas slurry from pig farms was studied and spent material utilization for fertilization explored. Method Fresh E. crassipes substrate was blended into the biogas slurry to determine the optimal conditions for a maximized adsorption of heavy metals. The spent material was subsequently composted and analyzed for nutrient conversion and contaminant retention. Result (1) The maximal adsorption on heavy metals was achieved by using 1.0–2.0 cm substratum to treat a liquid-solid ratio of 50∶1 mix for 3 h. The removal rates on total suspended solid (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD_Cr), total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), and total phosphorus (TP) from the slurry were 86.3%, 72.5%, 41.6%, 57.2%, and 69.6%, respectively. (2) After composting, 58.8% of N and 42.0% of P of the slurry were converted into organic nutrients in the spent material. (3) Aside from As, heavy metals like Cd, Pb, Cr, and Hg were not significantly retained in the spent material to be used as an organic fertilizer. Conclusion The waste treatment of pig farm biogas slurry was seen superior in efficiency and resource utilization by combining the conventional water hyacinth wetland operation with the contaminant adoption by the E. crassipes substrate followed by the spent material composting for organic fertilization as demonstrated by this study.
- Eichhornia crassipes substrate /
- adsorption conditions /
- removal rate /
- nitrogen and phosphorus conversions /
- compost

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表 1 吸附试验正交表[L₉(3⁴)]

Table 1. Orthogonal experiment design, L₉(3⁴)

水平 Level	因素 Factor
水平 Level	A基质大小 Matrix size/cm	B液固比 Liquid solid ratio/ (mg·L ⁻¹)	C吸附时间 Adsorption time/h
1	≤0.5	25∶1	3
2	0.5～1.0	50∶1	6
3	1.0～2.0	100∶1	9

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表 2 凤眼莲基质和猪粪原料的基本理化性质（干重，n=3）

Table 2. Basic physicochemical properties of E. crassipes substrate and pig manure

原料 Materials	有机碳 OC/%	全氮 TN/%	全磷 TP/%	全钾 TK/%	砷 As/(mg·kg⁻¹)	镉 Cd/(mg·kg⁻¹)	铅 Pb/(mg·kg⁻¹)	铬 Cr/(mg·kg⁻¹)	汞 Hg/(mg·kg⁻¹)
凤眼莲2 # E. crassipes substrate 2 #	41.84	1.47	0.20	5.28	0.10	1.51	5.28	3.37	0.10
猪粪 Pig manure	29.76	2.41	2.06	2.02	0.20	0.44	2.53	3.68	0.30

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表 3 不同吸附条件下凤眼莲基质对沼液中各种物质的去除率

Table 3. Removal of contaminants from biogas slurry by E. crassipes substrate under different adsorption conditions

试验组Test group	因素 Factor			去除率 Removal rate/%
试验组Test group	A	B	C	TSS	COD_Cr	TN	NH₃-N	TP
1	1	1	1	44.3±1.1	8.0±0.9	23.5±0.7	32.7±0.9	43.6±0.3
2	1	2	2	16.2±1.4	20.0±1.4	34.4±1.4	48.2±0.6	54.8±0.1
3	1	3	3	32.4±1.3	84.0±4.0	20.9±0.8	26.6±0.8	54.9±0.3
4	2	1	2	11.7±0.3	28.0±1.7	52.2±2.0	34.3±0.5	55.2±0.2
5	2	2	3	5.2±0.6	80.0±2.0	46.8±0.6	28.6±1.6	54.3±0.2
6	2	3	1	12.2±0.3	52.0±1.5	51.6±1.3	48.8±0.4	55.4±0.2
7	3	1	3	6.5±3.2	20.0±0.7	47.7±0.3	38.9±0.8	54.4±0.1
8	3	2	1	43.6±0.7	44.0±1.8	57.0±1.4	62.4±0.7	55.0±0.1
9	3	3	2	1.2±0.4	80.0±2.2	23.6±1.4	33.6±0.7	71.5±0.6

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表 4 不同去除对象在各因素水平下的去除率均值和极差

Table 4. Mean and range of removal targets at various factors and levels

指标 Index	参数 Parameter	因素 Factor
指标 Index	参数 Parameter	A	B	C
TSS	k1	31.0	20.8	33.4
	k2	9.7	21.7	9.7
	k3	17.1	15.3	14.7
	R	21.3	6.4	23.7
	Sig.	**	NS	**
	最优组合	A1B2C1
COD_Cr	k1	37.3	18.7	34.7
	k2	53.3	48.0	42.7
	k3	48.0	72 .0	61.3
	R	16.0	53.3	26.7
	Sig.	NS	**	**
	最优组合	A2B3C3
TN	k1	26.3	41.1	44.0
	k2	50.2	46.1	36.7
	k3	42.8	32.0	38.5
	R	23.9	14 .0	7.3
	Sig.	**	**	NS
	最优组合	A2B2C1
NH₃-N	k1	35.8	35.3	48.0
	k2	37.2	46.4	38.7
	k3	45.0	36.3	31.4
	R	9.1	11.1	16.6
	Sig.	*	**	**
	最优组合	A3B2C1
TP	k1	51.1	51.1	51.3
	k2	55.0	54.7	60.5
	k3	60.3	60.6	54.5
	R	9.2	9.5	9.2
	Sig.	**	**	**
	最优组合	A3B3C2
表示在0.05的水平上差异显著，表示在0.01的水平上差异极显著，NS表示差异不显著。 means significant at P＜0.05; ** means extremely significant at P＜0.01; NS means not significant.

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表 5 有机肥产量（干基）及其养分含量

Table 5. Quantity (dry basis) and nutrient contents of organic fertilizer produced

处理 Treatment	有机肥产量 Organic fertilizer yields/g	有机质 Organic matter/%	全氮N/%	全磷P₂O₅/%	全钾K₂O /%	总养分 Total nutrient/%	有机肥转化率 Organic fertilizer conversion rate/%
F1	784.00±17.58	56.53±1.18	5.40±0.89	1.36±0.19	10.61±0.91	17.37±1.65	33.72±0.44
F2	772.00±13.45	52.92±0.12	5.21±0.81	1.21±0.06	8.70±1.34	15.13±0.62	33.20±0.33
F3	726.00±15.13	59.73±1.72	4.04±0.49	1.17±0.03	5.90±1.00	11.11±1.44	31.23±0.38
F4	735.00±11.53	66.74±1.05	3.87±0.13	0.96±0.09	6.21±0.14	11.04±0.14	31.61±0.29

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表 6 是否吸附沼液和不同菌源与有机肥产量及其养分的方差分析

Table 6. Analysis of variance on biogas slurry adsorption and induced bacteria affecting production and nutrients of organic fertilizer

处理 Treatment	有机肥产量 Organic fertilizer yields	有机质 Organic matter	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	总养分 Total nutrient	有机肥转化率 Organic fertilizer conversion rate
凤眼莲基质A	31.778***	159.044***	12.876**	12.604**	42.730***	61.666***	31.693***
菌源B	0.032	6.352*	0.221	8.216*	2.099	3.093	0.034
凤眼莲基质A×菌源B	1.553	62.049***	0.000	0.250	4.071	2.698	1.537
表中A表示凤眼莲基质的沼液吸附情况，B表示添加不同菌源，A × B代表两侧的交互作用。表中数值为方差分析F值。表8同。表示在0.05的水平上显著，表示在0.01的水平上极显著，*表示在0.001水平上显著。 A: adsorption of biogas slurry; B: induction of different bacteria; AxB: interaction of A and B. Data are variance F values. Same for below. indicates significant at P＜0.05; indicates extremely significant at P＜0.01; * indicates extremely significant at P＜0.001.

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表 7 不同处理下有机肥重金属含量

Table 7. Contents of heavy metals in organic fertilizers produced under different treatments （单位：mg·kg^-1）

处理 Treatment	砷 As	镉 Cd	铅 Pb	铬 Cr	汞 Hg
F1	0.57±0.06	1.48±0.35	3.28±0.04	9.96±0.8	0.10±0.01
F2	0.40±0.10	1.35±0.08	3.38±0.19	8.58±1.16	0.09±0.00
F3	0.47±0.20	0.85±0.31	2.66±0.16	8.03±0.98	0.07±0.03
F4	0.43±0.12	0.56±0.10	2.58±0.15	7.24±1.36	0.08±0.02
NY/T525-2021限量标准 Limit standard	≤15	≤3	≤50	≤150	≤2

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表 8 是否吸附沼液和不同菌源与有机肥重金属含量的方差分析

Table 8. Analysis of variance on biogas slurry adsorption and induced bacteria affecting heavy metals in organic fertilizer

指标 Index	砷 As	镉 Cd	铅 Pb	铬 Cr	汞 Hg
凤眼莲基质A	0.213	25.166**	70.531***	6.700*	3.361
菌源B	1.798	2.198	0.006	2.948	0.250
凤眼莲基质A×菌源B	0.812	0.338	1.133	0.218	0.694

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