Nutritional Value of Duck Meats of Local Breeds
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摘要:
目的 分析300日龄的北京鸭Z9系、靖西大麻鸭和吉安红毛鸭3个地方品种（系）鸭胸肌和腿肌营养成分，挖掘3个品种（系）300日龄的营养价值。 方法 将同一天刚出壳的1日龄北京鸭Z9系、靖西大麻鸭和吉安红毛鸭各60只在相同饲养管理条件下饲养至300日龄后，每个品种随机抽取公、母鸭各5只进行屠宰并采集胸肌和腿肌样品，测定肌肉化学成分、氨基酸以及脂肪酸含量。 结果 吉安红毛鸭胸腿肌粗蛋白含量最高，北京鸭Z9系胸肌和腿肌的肌内脂肪和胆固醇含量最高；吉安红毛鸭胸肌氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸含量和呈味氨基酸总量最高，靖西大麻鸭腿肌氨基酸总量和呈味氨基酸总量最高，吉安红毛鸭腿肌必需氨基酸含量最高；吉安红毛鸭胸肌和腿肌的饱和脂肪酸总量最低，不饱和脂肪酸总量最高，北京鸭Z9系和吉安红毛鸭胸肌多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于靖西大麻鸭，吉安红毛鸭腿肌单不饱和脂肪酸含量极显著高于靖西大麻鸭，显著高于北京鸭Z9系。 结论 3个地方品种（系）鸭300日龄肌肉品质比较分析结果表明，吉安红毛鸭肌肉品质和营养价值好于北京鸭Z9系和靖西大麻鸭。 Abstract:Objective Nutritional values of breast and leg meats of Peking duck Z9 line (PD), Jingxi hemp duck (JH), and Ji’an red feather duck (JR) were analyzed and compared. Method Sixty newly hatched ducklings of the 3 breeds/lines were purchased on a same day and raised with same forage under identical conditions for 300 d. Five male and female adult ducks from each flock of a same breed were randomly selected and slaughtered to collect breast and leg meats for analyses on chemical composition, amino acids, and fatty acids. The measured datas were preprocessed by Excel and subjected to a one-way ANOVA analysis using the SPSS 25 software. Result Of all nutrients, crude protein was highest in the breast and leg meats of JR; intramuscular fat and cholesterol contents were highest in the breast and leg meats of PD; and total, essential, and flavor amino acids were highest in the JR breast meat. In leg meat, JH had the highest contents of total and flavor amino acids, while JR the essential amino acids. Among the 3 breeds, JR had the most unsaturated fatty acids but the least saturated fatty acids in its breast and leg meats; in breast meat, PD and JR had significantly higher polyunsaturated fatty acids than JH; and in leg meat, JR was extremely significantly higher on monounsaturated fatty acids than JH and significantly higher than PD. Conclusion The meat nutritional quality of the 3 breeds of 300-d-old local ducks varied. Overall, JR appeared to be higher in that regard than PD or JH. -
Key words:
- Peking duck Z9 line /
- Jingxi hemp duck /
- Ji’an red feather duck /
- meat /
- nutritional value
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表 1 3个品种胸肌和腿肌化学成分检测结果
Table 1. Chemical composition of breast and leg meats of 3 breeds of ducks (n=10)
性状
Traits北京鸭 Z9系
Peking duck Z9 line靖西大麻鸭
Jingxi hemp duck吉安红毛鸭
Ji’an red feather duck胸肌 Chest muscle 粗蛋白 Crude protein/% 20.73±0.23 Bb 21.27±0.36 ABab 21.76±0.42 Aa 肌内脂肪 Intramuscular fat/% 1.24±0.06 Aa 1.16±0.09 ABab 1.06±0.08 Bb 胆固醇 Cholesterol/(mg·hg-1) 55.57±0.77 Aa 52.98±0.10 Bb 52.36±0.45 Bb 肌苷酸 Inosinic acid/(mg·g-1) 3.12±0.07 Aa 3.14±0.08 Aa 3.12±0.09 Aa 腿肌 Leg muscle 粗蛋白 Crude protein/% 20.07±0.13 Bb 20.89±0.27 Aa 20.98±0.20 Aa 肌内脂肪 Intramuscular fat/% 1.19±0.05 Aa 1.13±0.06 Aa 1.00±0.06 Bb 胆固醇 Cholesterol/(mg·hg-1) 52.75±0.86 Aa 51.55±0.54 Ab 49.62±0.47 Bc 肌苷酸 Inosinic acid/(mg·g-1) 3.05±0.06 Aa 3.11±0.11 Aa 3.04±0.09 Aa 表中数值为“均数 ± 标准差”。同行数据后不同小写字母表示不同品种之间差异显著（P＜0.05），不同大写字母表示不同品种之间差异极显著（P＜0.01），相同字母表示不同品种之间差异不显著（P＞0.05）。下表同。
Data are mean±standard deviation; those with different small letters on same row indicate significant differences at P＜0.05; those with different capital letters, extremely significant differences at P＜0.01; those with same letters, no significant differences at P＞0.05. Same for below.
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表 2 3个品种胸肌氨基酸成分检测结果
Table 2. Amino acids in breast meat of 3 breeds of ducks (n=10)
（单位：%） 氨基酸
Amino acid北京鸭Z9系
Peking duck Z9 line靖西大麻鸭
Jingxi hemp duck吉安红毛鸭
Ji’an red feather duck苏氨酸 Threonine 0.97±0.02 Bb 1.04±0.03 Aa 1.02±0.03 ABa 缬氨酸 Valine 1.15±0.06 Aa 1.08±0.02 Ab 1.12±0.03 Aab 蛋氨酸 Methionine 0.61±0.01 Aa 0.63±0.01 Aa 0.63±0.02 Aa 异亮氨酸 Isoleucine 0.99±0.04 Aa 0.76±0.44 Aa 1.07±0.05 Aa 亮氨酸 Leucine 1.65±0.07 Aa 1.65±0.06 Aa 1.73±0.06 Aa 苯丙氨酸 Phenylalanine 1.06±0.01 Aa 0.99±0.03 Bb 1.03±0.02 ABab 赖氨酸 Lysine 1.84±0.11 Ab 1.88±0.05 Aab 1.97±0.07 Aa 天门冬氨酸 Aspartic acid 1.90±0.02 Bb 1.99±0.06 ABa 2.00±0.04 Aa 精氨酸 Arginine 1.63±0.06 Aa 1.67±0.05 Aa 1.67±0.04 Aa 谷氨酸 Glutamic acid 3.68±0.10 Ab 3.75±0.12 Aab 3.87±0.09 Aa 甘氨酸 Glycine 0.92±0.02 Bb 1.03±0.06 Aa 0.95±0.01 ABb 丙氨酸 Alanine 1.36±0.07 Ab 1.46±0.05 Aab 1.49±0.07 Aa 丝氨酸 Serine 0.94±0.01 Ab 0.98±0.01 Aa 0.96±0.02 Aab 脯氨酸 Proline 0.48±0.02 Bc 0.54±0.01 Aa 0.51±0.01 Bb 胱氨酸 Cystine 0.10±0.01 Aa 0.10±0.01 Aa 0.10±0.01 Aa 酪氨酸 Tyrosine 0.64±0.01 Aab 0.63±0.01 Ab 0.66±0.02 Aa 组氨酸 Histidine 0.56±0.02 Aa 0.57±0.01 Aa 0.57±0.02 Aa 氨基酸总量 Total amino acid 20.47±0.40 Ab 20.74±0.53 Aab 21.34±0.33 Aa 必需氨基酸 Essential amino acid 8.26±0.18 Aab 8.02±0.41 Ab 8.57±0.21 Aa 非必需氨基酸 Nonessential amino acid 12.21±0.25 Bb 12.72±0.14 Aa 12.77±0.17 Aa EAA/TAA 0.40±0.00 Aa 0.39±0.01 Bb 0.40±0.00 Aa EAA/NEAA 0.68±0.01 Aa 0.63±0.03 Bb 0.67±0.01 ABa 呈味氨基酸 Flavor amino acid 9.48±0.23 Bb 9.90±0.13 Aa 9.98±0.15 Aa 必需氨基酸：苏氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸；呈味氨基酸：天门冬氨酸、精氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸。表3同。
Essential amino acids: threonine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, and lysine; flavor amino acids: aspartic acid, arginine, glutamic acid, glycine, and alanine. Same for Table 3.
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表 3 3个品种腿肌氨基酸成分检测结果
Table 3. Amino acids in leg meats of 3 breeds of ducks (n=10)
（单位：%） 氨基酸
Amino acid北京鸭Z9系
Peking duck Z9 line靖西大麻鸭
Jingxi hemp duck吉安红毛鸭
Ji’an red feather duck苏氨酸 Threonine 0.96±0.01 Bb 0.99±0.02 ABab 1.00±0.02 Aa 缬氨酸 Valine 1.10±0.02 Aa 1.06±0.02 Aa 1.08±0.05 Aa 蛋氨酸 Methionine 0.57±0.01 Ab 0.60±0.02 Aa 0.58±0.02 Aab 异亮氨酸 Isoleucine 0.97±0.02 Aa 0.95±0.01 Aa 0.99±0.04 Aa 亮氨酸 Leucine 1.56±0.04 Bb 1.62±0.01 ABab 1.64±0.04 Aa 苯丙氨酸 Phenylalanine 0.92±0.06 Aa 0.85±0.06 Aa 0.88±0.05 Aa 赖氨酸 Lysine 1.72±0.14 Ab 1.85±0.04 Aab 1.90±0.02 Aa 天门冬氨酸 Aspartic acid 1.89±0.04 Ab 1.98±0.03 Aa 1.92±0.07 Aab 精氨酸 Arginine 1.57±0.02 Aa 1.61±0.01 Aa 1.57±0.05 Aa 谷氨酸 Glutamic acid 3.61±0.05 Ab 3.72±0.03 Aa 3.69±0.08 Aab 甘氨酸 Glycine 0.86±0.05 Bb 0.95±0.04 Aa 0.86±0.03 Bb 丙氨酸 Alanine 1.40±0.09 Aa 1.41±0.02 Aa 1.45±0.06 Aa 丝氨酸 Serine 0.94±0.01 Aa 0.95±0.02 Aa 0.92±0.02 Aa 脯氨酸 Proline 0.47±0.01 Bc 0.52±0.01 Aa 0.50±0.01 Ab 胱氨酸 Cystine 0.10±0.00 Ab 0.10±0.00 Ab 0.12±0.02 Aa 酪氨酸 Tyrosine 0.60±0.02 Aa 0.59±0.02 Aa 0.61±0.01 Aa 组氨酸 Histidine 0.55±0.01 Aab 0.57±0.02 Aa 0.54±0.02 Ab 氨基酸总量 Total amino acid 19.78±0.08 Ab 20.32±0.23 Aa 20.26±0.40 Aa 必需氨基酸 Essential amino acid 7.80±0.12 Ab 7.92±0.14 Aab 8.08±0.13 Aa 非必需氨基酸 Nonessential amino acid 11.99±0.13 Bb 12.41±0.09 Aa 12.19±0.27 ABab EAA/TAA 0.39±0.01 ABab 0.39±0.00 Bb 0.40±0.00 Aa EAA/NEAA 0.65±0.02 ABab 0.64±0.01 Bb 0.66±0.01 Aa 呈味氨基酸 Flavor amino acid 9.33±0.11 Ab 9.68±0.07 Aa 9.50±0.26 Aab
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表 4 3个品种胸肌脂肪酸成分检测结果
Table 4. Fatty acids in breast meats of 3 breeds of ducks (n=10)
（单位：%） 脂肪酸
Fatty acid北京鸭Z9系
Peking duck Z9 line靖西大麻鸭
Jingxi hemp duck吉安红毛鸭
Ji’an red feather duck十二碳酸（C12∶0） Dodecanoic acid 0.06±0.01 Aa 0.06±0.01 Aa 0.04±0.01 Ab 十四碳酸（C14∶0） Myristic acid 0.08±0.01 Ab 0.08±0.01 Ab 0.11±0.02 Aa 十五碳酸（C15∶0） Pentadecanoic acid 0.03±0.00 Aa 0.04±0.01 Aa 0.03±0.00 Aa 棕榈酸（C16∶0） Palmitic acid 22.22±0.15 Aa 22.08±0.67 Aa 21.84±0.45 Aa 十七碳酸（C17∶0） Heptadecanoic acid 0.23±0.01 Aa 0.24±0.02 Aa 0.21±0.04 Aa 硬脂酸（C18∶0） Stearic acid 11.22±0.18 Aa 12.06±0.12 Aa 11.28±1.07 Aa 花生酸（C20∶0） Arachidic acid 1.47±0.13 Aa 1.45±0.06 Aa 1.43±0.10 Aa 山嵛酸（C22∶0） Behenic Acid 0.08±0.01 Aa 0.08±0.01 Aa 0.09±0.00 Aa ∑饱和脂肪酸 Saturated fatty acid （SFA） 35.39±0.16 Aab 36.07±0.64 Aa 35.03±0.69 Ab 十五碳烯酸（C15∶1） Pentadecenoic acid 0.09±0.01 Ab 0.12±0.01 Aa 0.10±0.03 Aab 棕榈油酸（C16∶1） Palmitoleic acid 1.49±0.06 Aa 1.34±0.55 Aa 1.39±0.06 Aa 十七碳烯酸（C17∶1） Heptadecenoic acid 0.30±0.01 Aa 0.34±0.02 Aa 0.29±0.07 Aa 油酸（C18∶1） Oleic acid 39.39±0.28 Aa 39.71±0.36 Aa 39.76±0.53 Aa 二十碳烯酸（C20∶1） Eicosenoic acid 0.15±0.01 Aa 0.17±0.03 Aa 0.16±0.02 Aa 芥酸（C22∶1） Erucic acid 2.34±0.24 Aa 2.11±0.17 Aa 2.38±0.14 Aa ∑单不饱和脂肪酸 Monounsaturated fatty acids（MUFA） 43.75±0.14 Aa 43.79±0.73 Aa 44.07±0.32 Aa 亚油酸（C18∶2） Linoleic acid 18.14±0.18 Aa 17.51±0.47 Ab 18.23±0.27 Aa 亚麻酸（C18∶3） Linolenic acid 0.93±0.04 Aa 0.88±0.06 Aa 0.90±0.04 Aa 花生四烯酸（C20∶4） Arachidonic acid 1.80±0.02 Aa 1.75±0.05 Aa 1.78±0.09 Aa ∑多不饱和脂肪酸 Polyunsaturated fatty acid（PUFA） 20.86±0.22 Aa 20.14±0.38 Ab 20.91±0.37 Aa ∑不饱和脂肪酸 Unsaturated fatty acid（UFA） 64.62±0.16 Aab 63.93±0.64 Ab 64.98±0.69 Aa 饱和脂肪酸：十二碳酸、十四碳酸、十五碳酸、棕榈酸、十七碳酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、山嵛酸；单不饱和脂肪酸：十五碳烯酸、棕榈油酸、十七碳烯酸、油酸、二十碳烯酸、芥酸；多不饱和脂肪酸：亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生四烯酸；不饱和脂肪酸：单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸。表5同。
Saturated fatty acids: C12:0, C14:0, C15:0, C16:0, C17:0, C18:0, C20:0, and C22:0; monounsaturated fatty acids: C15:1, C16:1, C17:1, C18:1, C20:1, and C22:1; polyunsaturated fatty acids: C18:2, C18:3, and C20:4; unsaturated fatty acids: monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Same for Table 5.
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表 5 3个品种腿肌脂肪酸成分检测结果
Table 5. Fatty acids in leg meats of 3 breeds of ducks (n=10)
（单位：%） 脂肪酸
Fatty acid北京鸭Z9系
Peking duck Z9 line靖西大麻鸭
Jingxi hemp duck吉安红毛鸭
Ji’an red feather duck十二碳酸（C12∶0） Dodecanoic acid 0.04±0.01 Aab 0.04±0.01 Aa 0.03±0.01 Ab 十四碳酸（C14∶0） Myristic acid 0.10±0.02 Aa 0.09±0.01 Aa 0.10±0.01 Aa 十五碳酸（C15∶0） Pentadecanoic acid 0.03±0.00 Aa 0.03±0.00 Aa 0.03±0.01 Aa 棕榈酸（C16∶0） Palmitic acid 22.89±0.64 Aa 22.36±0.31 ABab 21.56±0.56 Bb 十七碳酸（C17∶0） Heptadecanoic acid 0.21±0.03 Aab 0.23±0.02 Aa 0.19±0.02 Ab 硬脂酸（C18∶0） Stearic acid 9.23±0.23 ABab 10.72±0.57 Aa 8.37±1.58 Bb 花生酸（C20∶0） Arachidic acid 0.81±0.13 ABa 0.85±0.08 Aa 0.63±0.03 Bb 山嵛酸（C22∶0） Behenic Acid 0.12±0.01 Aa 0.13±0.02 Aa 0.14±0.01 Aa ∑饱和脂肪酸 Saturated fatty acid （SFA） 33.42±0.73 Aa 34.44±0.42 Aa 31.04±1.27 Bb 十五碳烯酸（C15∶1） Pentadecenoic acid 0.29±0.04 Aab 0.23±0.05 Ab 0.34±0.05 Aa 棕榈油酸（C16∶1） Palmitoleic acid 4.82±0.15 Aa 4.27±0.21 Bb 4.90±0.19 Aa 十七碳烯酸（C17∶1） Heptadecenoic acid 0.32±0.02 Aa 0.32±0.03 Aa 0.26±0.05 Ab 油酸（C18∶1） Oleic acid 40.22±1.03 Aa 40.33±0.34 Aa 41.60±1.10 Aa 二十碳烯酸（C20∶1） Eicosenoic acid 0.54±0.10 Bb 0.48±0.10 Bb 1.20±0.11 Aa 芥酸（C22∶1） Erucic acid 1.51±0.04 ABb 1.67±0.09 Aa 1.43±0.08 Bb ∑单不饱和脂肪酸 Monounsaturated fatty acids（MUFA） 47.69±1.09 ABb 47.30±0.59 Bb 49.73±1.12 Aa 亚油酸（C18∶2） Linoleic acid 16.52±1.52 Aa 15.85±0.38 Aa 16.98±0.16 Aa 亚麻酸（C18∶3） Linolenic acid 0.87±0.11 Aa 0.90±0.05 Aa 0.90±0.18 Aa 花生四烯酸（C20∶4） Arachidonic acid 1.51±0.15 Aa 1.52±0.14 Aa 1.36±0.07 Aa ∑多不饱和脂肪酸 Polyunsaturated fatty acid（PUFA） 18.90±1.72 Aa 18.27±0.56 Aa 19.24±0.27 Aa ∑不饱和脂肪酸 Unsaturated fatty acid（UFA） 66.58±0.73 Bb 65.56±0.42 Bb 68.96±1.27 Aa
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