62份紫花风铃木的表型多样性分析

黄稚清; 吴林源; 高筱钰; 丁释丰; 肖观康; 秦新生; 冯志坚

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.009.006

62份紫花风铃木的表型多样性分析

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.009.006

黄稚清^{1, 2,},
吴林源^{1, 3},
高筱钰¹,
丁释丰¹,
肖观康¹,
秦新生¹,
冯志坚^1, ,

1.
华南农业大学林学与风景园林学院，广东　广州　510642
2.
广东生态工程职业学院生态工程学院，广东广州　510520
3.
广东职业技术学院轻工与材料学院，广东　佛山　528041

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（31870699）：广东省林业科技创新项目（2018KJCX030）

详细信息

作者简介:
黄稚清（1995−），女，硕士，研究方向：风景园林（园林植物应用与城市绿化）和森林培育（E-mail：starlight0715@foxmail.com）

通讯作者:
冯志坚（1962−），男，博士，副教授，主要从事野生植物种质资源保护与利用研究（E-mail:11293409@qq.com）

中图分类号: S 685.99
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-15
- 修回日期: 2022-07-30
- 刊出日期: 2022-09-30

Phenotypic Diversity of 62 Handroanthus impetiginosus Plants

1.
College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong　510642, China
2.
College of Ecological Engineering, Guangdong Eco-engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou, Guangdong　510520, China
3.
School of Light Industry and Materials, Guangdong Vocational and Technical College, Foshan, Guangdong　528041, China

摘要

摘要: 目的紫花风铃木（Handroanthus impetiginosus）是我国南方广泛应用的一种园林观赏乔木，其表型性状存在较大的个体差异。通过对紫花风铃木表型多样性进行分析，了解其表型性状差异，可为紫花风铃木优质种质资源发掘和科学育种提供重要理论基础。方法以广东省内6个城市12个群体62份紫花风铃木样本为材料，选取20个表型形状对样本进行变异度、Shannon多样性指数、相关性及主成分分析，并基于表型性状进行聚类分析。结果紫花风铃木20个表型性状的变异系数为13.53%～59.13%，Shannon指数为0.79～4.08，表型性状变异性和多样性较高，具有丰富的表型性状多样性。相关性分析显示，叶性状相关的数量指标之间相互关联。主成分分析显示，从20个表型性状中提取6个主成分，其中叶宽、叶面积、小叶柄长、叶长、叶柄长等叶性状指标和胸径、枝下高等枝条与树干指标贡献较大。采用Hierarchical法进行表型性状聚类分析可将62份紫花风铃木材料划分为4大类群。结论紫花风铃木具有较为丰富的表型变异性和多样性，其中与枝条和树干有关的指标变异系数最高，而叶性状相关指标的多样性较高。主成分分析显示贡献较大的为叶表型性状指标和枝条与树干指标。通过聚类分析可知第II类群中包含的个体花量较大，花色较深；而第I类群中存在开白花的个体，花色比较独特，均具有较好的观赏效果，可从中进一步筛选和繁殖优良品种。
- 紫花风铃木 /
- 表型性状 /
- 表型多样性 /
- 表型变异性
Abstract: Objective A popular ornamental tree for landscaping, Handroanthus impetiginosus tends to differ in phenotypic traits between individual plants. This study aimed to collect information on the resources for selection and cultivation. Method Twenty different phenotypic traits of 62 H. impetiginosus plants collected from 12 population groups in 6 cities of Guangdong Province were used to calculate coefficient of variation (CV) and Shannon diversity index as well as conduct correlation, principal component, and clustering analysis. Result The CVs of these phenotypic traits varied between 13.53%–59.13%, while the Shannon diversity index between 0.79–4.08. High CV and diversity index connotated richness in phenotype diversity of the species. Their qualitative indices differentiated more greatly than quantitative ones, and the qualitative indices correlated with one another. Among the 6 principal components in the 20 traits, the indices associated with leaf, including width, area, length, petiolule length, and petiole length, were the major contributors which were followed by those related to the branch and trunk diameters at breast height and under branch height. A hierarchical clustering analysis divided the 62 H. impetiginosus plants into 4 population groups based on their phenotypic characteristics. Conclusion H. impetiginosus was richly diverse phenotypically. The indices related to branch and trunk ranked highest on CV, while those associated with leaf greatest on diversity index. The principal components of the traits, such as leaf-, branch-, and trunk-related indices, largely determined the phenotype of H. impetiginosus plants. The population Group II plants as classified by the cluster analysis had more dark color flowers, whereas Group I carried distinctive, attractive white blossoms that were valued generally for landscaping, cultivation, and breeding purposes.
- Handroanthus impetiginosus /
- phenotypic traits /
- phenotypic diversity /
- phenotypic variability

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图 1 紫花风铃木的不同花色

Figure 1. Different flower colors of H. impetiginosus

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图 2 紫花风铃木树皮的不同状态

Figure 2. Different conditions of tree barks of H. impetiginosus

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图 3 紫花风铃木不同的叶形

Figure 3. Different foliage shapes of H. impetiginosus

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图 4 62份紫花风铃木材料的表型性状聚类分析结果

Figure 4. Clustering map of 62 H. impetiginosus samples based on phenotypic traits

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表 1 62份紫花风铃木材料编号及来源

Table 1. Codes and origins of sampled 62 H. impetiginosus plants

来源 Origin	地理坐标 Geographic coordinate	城市 City	样品名称 Name	样品数量 Amounts of samples	树龄 Ages/年	花色 Color
顺德区顺峰山 Mountain Shunfeng , Shunde District	22°49′357″N 113°17′509″E	佛山 Foshan	sf1,sf2,sf3,sf4,sf5	5	12−14	深粉红、粉红 Dark pink,pink
三水区 Sanshui District	23°19′181″N 112°59′137″E	佛山 Foshan	fs1,fs2,fs4,fs5	4	12−16	深粉红、紫红 Dark pink,fuchsia
增城区 Zengcheng District	23°24′375″N 113°34′393″E	广州 Guangzhou	zc1,zc2,zc3,zc4	4	6−8	白、紫红 White,fuchsia
南沙区 Nansha District	22°46′312″N 113°26′489″E	广州 Guangzhou	ns1,ns3,ns4,ns5	4	5−12	深粉红、紫红 Dark pink,fuchsia
天河区天河公园 Tianhe Park,Tianhe District	23°07′768″N 113°21′810″E	广州 Guangzhou	th1,th2,th3,th4,th5	5	10	粉白、粉红、深粉红、紫红 Pinkish white,pink,dark pink,fuchsia
天河区龙洞 Longdong,Tianhe District	23°12′356″N 113°22′440″E	广州 Guangzhou	ld2,ld5,ld6,ld7,ld8	5	10−12	深粉红 Dark pink
天河区华南农业大学 SCAU,Tianhe District	23°09′168″N 113°21′215″E	广州 Guangzhou	sd1,smy2	2	5−10	粉红 Pink
天河区华南农业大学 SCAU,Tianhe District	23°09′271″N 113°21′566″E	广州 Guangzhou	smy3	1	5	紫红 Fuchsia
龙岗区金龙路 Jinlong Road,Longgang District	22°35′838″N 114°02′594″E	深圳 Shenzhen	jl5,jl6, jl7,jl8,jl9,jl10	6	11	粉红、深粉红、紫红 Pink,dark pink,fuchsia
福田区香蜜湖路 Xiangmihu Road, Futian District	22°32′468″N 114°01′643″E	深圳 Shenzhen	xm1,xm4,xm5,xm6,xm7, xm8	6	13−15	深粉红、紫红 Dark pink,fuchsia
共和镇 Gonghe Town	22°34′406″N 112°50′863″E	江门 Jiangmen	jm1,jm2	2	10−14	紫红 Fuchsia
新会镇 Xinhui Town	22°32′128″N 112°58′853″E	江门 Jiangmen	jm3,jm4	2	8−12	深粉红 Dark pink
新会镇 Xinhui Town	22°31′593″N 112°59′533″E	江门 Jiangmen	jm5,jm6,jm7,jm8	4	6	深粉红 Dark pink
惠东县 Huidong County	22°56' 210"N 114°32' 380"E	惠州 Huizhou	hd1,hd2	2	5	粉红 Pink
翠沙路 Cuisha Road	22°32′295″N 113°20′710″E	中山 Zhongshan	zs1,zs2,zs3,zs4,zs5,zs6, zs7, zs8,zs9,zs10	10	12−20	粉红、深粉红 Pink,dark pink
总计 Total				62

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表 2 紫花风铃木表型性状数量指标测定标准

Table 2. Scoring criteria on quantitative indices for phenotype traits of H. impetiginosus

性状 Phenotypic trait	评价标准 Evaluation criterion
叶面积 Leaf area/cm²	一片完整的复叶叶片所占的面积 The area of a fully expanded compound leaf
叶长 Leaf length/cm	一片完整复叶叶片的最长小叶叶尖到叶柄基部的距离 The length between leaf apex of the longest leaflet and the base of petiole in a fully expanded compound leaf
叶宽 Leaf width/cm	一片完整复叶叶片中宽度最大的位置 The largest stage of width in a fully expanded compound leaf
叶宽长比 Leaf width/leaf length	叶宽与叶长之比 Ratio of leaf width to leaf length
形状系数 Leaf shape coefficient	参照文中所述的公式进行计算 Follow the formula in the passage for calculating
叶柄长 Petiole length/cm	复叶叶轴基部到叶片基部的距离 The length between rachis base of a compound leaf and leaf base
小叶柄长 Petiolule length/cm	组成复叶的小叶基部的柄长 The footstalks length of the base of leaflet on a fully expanded compound leaf
小叶柄长/叶长 Petiolule length/leaf length	小叶柄长与叶长之比 Ratio of petiolule length and leaf length
枝下高 Under branch height/cm	从地表面到树冠第一层分枝点的高度 The height between the floor and first layer of branch node
胸径 Diameter at breast height/cm	主干离地表面胸高处（1.3 m）的直径；断面畸形时，测取最大值和最小值的平均值 Diameter around the trunk at 1.3 meters above the floor. If the testing section is deformed,the average of maximum and minimum results is used
花长 Flower length/cm	在一朵完整的单花上，长度为花瓣边缘到花基部的距离 The length between the margin of petal and the base of the flower within a full single flower
花量 Amounts of flowers	测定时在一个完整的花序上单花的数量 Amounts of every single flower in a full inflorescence when observed

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表 3 紫花风铃木表型性状质量指标赋值标准

Table 3. Scoring criteria on qualitative indices for phenotype traits of H. impetiginosus

性状 Phenotypic trait	赋值标准 Scoring criterion
性状 Phenotypic trait	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
叶尖 Leaf apex	急尖 Acute	渐尖 Acuminate	长渐尖 Long acuminate	骤尖 Cuspidate	细尖 Apiculate	尾尖 Caudate	具芒 Aristate
叶形 Leaf shape	卵形 Oval		卵圆 Ovoid		椭圆 Ellipsoidal		长椭圆 Oblong oval
叶缘 Leaf margin	光滑 Entire		细锯齿 Serrulate		锯齿 Serrate
叶基 Leaf base	偏斜 Oblique		平滑 Glabrate		楔形 Cuneate		圆滑 Smooth
花色 Flower color	白色 White		粉白 Pinkish white		粉红 Pink		深粉红 Dark pink		紫红 Fuchsia
开花时间/ （月−日） Time of blossom	11-15前 Before November 15^th	11-15至 11-30 November 15^th to November 30^th	12-01至 12-15 December 1^st to December 15^th	12-16至 12-31 December 16^th to December 31^st	次年01-01 至01-15 January 1^stto January 15^th in next year	次年01-16 至01-31 January 16^th to January 31^st in next year	次年02-01 至02-15 February 1^st to February 15^thin next year	次年02-16 至02-28 February 16^th to February 28^th in next year	次年03-01 以后 After March 1^st in next year
树皮颜色 Color of tree bark	灰白 Greyish white		灰棕 Greyish brown		浅灰褐 Putty		灰褐 Taupe		灰黑 Ash black
树皮状态 Condition of tree bark	光滑 Smooth		浅纵裂 Mild longitudinal crack		纵裂 Longitudinal crack		深纵裂 Deep longitudinal crack

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表 4 紫花风铃木表型性状的变异系数和Shannon多样性指数

Table 4. CVs and Shannon diversity indices of phenotype traits of H. impetiginosus

性状 Phenotypic trait	极小值 Minimum	极大值 Maximum	平均值 Average	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV	Shannon 多样性指数 Shannon diversity index
数量指标 Qualitative indices
叶面积 Leaf area/cm²	9.550	78.020	31.942	16.887	52.87%	4.08
叶长 Leaf length /cm	4.740	16.770	9.450	2.582	27.33%	4.06
叶宽 Leaf width /cm	2.420	7.620	4.515	1.310	29.02%	4.08
叶宽长比 Leaf width/leaf length	0.350	0.650	0.492	0.073	14.91%	3.17
形状系数 Leaf shape coefficient	0.400	0.710	0.535	0.072	13.53%	2.96
叶柄长 Petiole length/cm	3.100	20.000	9.155	3.085	33.70%	3.70
小叶柄长 Petiolule length/cm	0.820	6.560	2.467	0.869	35.23%	3.76
小叶柄长/叶长 Petiolule length/leaf length	0.140	0.470	0.266	0.073	27.46%	3.07
枝下高 Under branch height/cm	25.000	400.000	189.194	103.457	54.68%	3.10
胸径 Diameter at breast height/cm	2.000	40.000	14.806	7.368	49.76%	2.78
花长 Flower length/cm	7.000	18.000	12.548	2.386	19.02%	1.98
花量 Amounts of flowers	8.000	40.000	16.581	6.911	41.68%	2.48
质量指标 Quantitative indices
叶尖 Leaf apex	1.000	6.000	3.226	1.562	48.42%	1.26
叶缘 Leaf margin	1.000	5.000	3.419	1.542	45.10%	1.10
叶形 Leaf shape	1.000	7.000	4.452	2.086	46.85%	1.06
叶基 Leaf base	1.000	7.000	4.613	1.692	36.69%	0.79
树皮颜色 Color of tree bark	1.000	9.000	4.645	2.747	59.13%	1.21
树皮状态 Condition of tree bark	1.000	7.000	3.903	2.252	57.70%	1.58
花色 Flower color	1.000	9.000	6.419	1.860	28.98%	1.41
开花时间 Time of blossom	1.000	9.000	5.806	1.809	31.16%	1.36

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表 5 紫花风铃木表型质量性状的频率分布

Table 5. Frequency distribution of qualitative phenotype traits of H. impetiginosus

性状 Phenotypic trait	频率分布 Frequency distribution
性状 Phenotypic trait	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
叶尖 Leaf apex	0.016	0.419	0.323	0.016	0.016	0.210	0.000
叶形 Leaf shape	0.210		0.080		0.484		0.226
叶缘 Leaf margin	0.210		0.371	—	0.419
叶基 Leaf base	0.145		0.016		0.742		0.097
花色 Flower color	0.048		0.016		0.274		0.500		0.162
开花时间 Time of blossom	0.032	0.082	0.000	0.016	0.258	0.129	0.419	0.032	0.032
树皮颜色 Color of tree bark	0.178		0.371		0.032		0.290		0.129
树皮状态 Condition of tree bark	0.290		0.177		0.323		0.210

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表 6 紫花风铃木表型性状相关性分析

Table 6. Correlation of phenotype traits of H. impetiginosus

指标 Indices	叶面积 Leaf area	叶长 Leaf length	叶宽 Leaf width	叶宽长比 Leaf width/leaf length	形状系数 Leaf shape coefficient	叶柄长 Petiole length	小叶柄长 Petiolule length	小叶柄长/叶长 Petiolule length/leaf length	枝下高 Under branch height	胸径 Diameter at breast height	花长 Flower length	花量 Amounts of flowers	叶尖 Leaf apex	叶缘 Leaf margin	叶形 Leaf shape	叶基 Leaf base	树皮颜色 Color of tree bark	树皮状态 Condition of tree bark	花色 Flower color	开花时间 Time of blossom
叶面积 Leaf area	1.000	0.923 * *	0.951 * *	0.091	−0.103	0.452 * *	0.594 * *	−0.116	0.070	−0.051	0.209	0.081	0.138	0.024	−0.291 *	−0.313 *	0.049	−0.073	0.004	0.357 * *
叶长 Leaf length		1.000	0.837 * *	−0.197	−0.247	0.480 * *	0.554 * *	−0.229	0.112	0.099	0.266 *	0.104	0.128	−0.037	−0.162	−0.199	0.046	−0.049	0.047	0.205
叶宽 Leaf width			1.000	0.322 *	−0.059	0.409 * *	0.596 * *	−0.048	0.055	0.089	0.170	−0.020	0.202	0.086	−0.384 * *	−0.368 * *	0.121	−0.035	−0.016	0.410 * *
叶宽长比 Leaf width/leaf length				1.000	0.443 * *	−0.126	0.074	0.237	−0.097	−0.007	−0.144	−0.178	0.065	0.193	−0.355 * *	−0.316 *	0.210	0.003	−0.013	0.343 * *
形状系数 Leaf shape coefficient					1.000	−0.066	−0.027	0.175	−0.062	0.014	−0.026	0.105	−0.200	0.049	0.166	−0.153	0.133	−0.019	0.111	0.002
叶柄长 Petiole length						1.000	0.784 * *	0.474 * *	−0.002	0.059	0.250	0.037	−0.016	0.109	0.054	0.024	−0.003	0.014	−0.062	0.192
小叶柄长 Petiolule length							1.000	0.651 * *	0.137	0.230	0.310 *	0.065	0.014	0.001	−0.143	−0.129	0.179	0.148	0.022	0.291 *
小叶柄长/叶长 Petiolule length/leaf length								1.000	0.046	0.177	0.136	0.025	−0.071	0.095	−0.048	−0.013	0.161	0.223	−0.047	0.117
枝下高 Under branch height									1.000	0.592 * *	0.220	−0.089	−0.031	−0.034	−0.011	−0.016	0.378 * *	0.458 * *	0.067	0.076
胸径 Diameter at breast height										1.000	0.181	−0.094	0.178	−0.128	−0.086	−0.040	0.589 * *	0.558 * *	0.159	0.082
花长 Flower length											1.000	0.436 * *	−0.249	−0.072	0.246	−0.052	−0.020	0.199	0.139	−0.059
花量 Amounts of flowers												1.000	−0.190	−0.146	0.091	−0.177	−0.129	0.063	0.363 * *	−0.104
叶尖 Leaf apex													1.000	0.205	−0.122	0.071	0.157	0.053	0.068	0.184
叶缘 Leaf margin														1.000	−0.254 *	−0.213	0.113	−0.054	−0.302 *	0.171
叶形 Leaf shape															1.000	0.422 * *	−0.298 *	−0.018	0.153	−0.341 * *
叶基 Leaf base																1.000	−0.072	0.248	−0.010	−0.185
树皮颜色 Color of tree bark																	1.000	0.498 * *	0.100	−0.047
树皮状态 Condition of tree bark																		1.000	0.127	0.060
花色 Flower color																			1.000	−0.122
开花时间 Time of blossom																				1.000
“”表示在P＜0.05水平上显著相关，“”表示在P＜0.01水平上显著相关。 denotes significant correlation at P＜0.05. ** denotes significant correlation at P＜0.01.

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表 7 紫花风铃木表型性状的主成分分析

Table 7. Principal components of phenotype traits of H. impetiginosus

性状 Phenotypic trait	主成分1 PC1	主成分2 PC2	主成分3 PC3	主成分4 PC4	主成分5 PC5	主成分6 PC6
叶面积 Leaf area	0.880	−0.284	0.174	−0.183	0.130	0.060
叶长 Leaf length	0.803	−0.202	0.370	−0.340	0.057	0.004
叶宽 Leaf width	0.900	−0.272	−0.019	−0.128	0.144	0.096
叶宽长比 Leaf width/leaf length	0.199	−0.116	−0.668	0.389	0.287	0.212
形状系数 Leaf shape coefficient	−0.089	0.092	−0.235	0.576	0.391	0.211
叶柄长 Petiole length	0.624	0.031	0.323	0.336	−0.468	0.066
小叶柄长 Petiolule length	0.815	0.168	0.175	0.352	−0.278	0.099
小叶柄长/叶长 Petiolule length/leaf length	0.240	0.364	−0.129	0.716	−0.373	0.062
枝下高 Under branch height	0.222	0.645	−0.077	−0.280	0.053	−0.318
胸径 Diameter at breast height	0.306	0.756	−0.191	−0.240	0.071	−0.004
花长 Flower length	0.290	0.311	0.537	0.207	0.197	−0.319
花量 Flowers	0.046	0.073	0.498	0.261	0.517	−0.078
叶尖 Leaf apex	0.176	−0.043	−0.302	−0.427	−0.194	0.496
叶缘 Leaf margin	0.134	−0.213	−0.444	0.119	−0.210	−0.351
叶形 Leaf shape	−0.402	0.195	0.568	0.133	−0.137	0.224
叶基 Leaf base	−0.367	0.270	0.259	−0.169	−0.527	0.340
树皮颜色 Color of tree bark	0.271	0.595	−0.447	−0.143	0.124	−0.001
树皮状态 Condition of tree bark	0.142	0.779	−0.120	−0.116	−0.032	−0.008
花色 Flower color	0.001	0.289	0.265	−0.015	0.521	0.528
开花时间 Time of blossom	0.480	−0.170	−0.337	0.051	−0.073	0.085
贡献率 Contribution rate/%	21.429	13.496	12.374	9.617	8.485	5.755
累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate/%	21.429	34.925	47.299	56.916	65.401	71.156

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参考文献(22)

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