不同栽培因素对杂交稻T两优明占产量和米质的影响

黄建鸿; 林成豹; 邓则勤; 饶鸣钿; 唐江霞; 苏荣理; 叶仰东; 梁水金; 黄显波

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.01.002

不同栽培因素对杂交稻T两优明占产量和米质的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.01.002

1.
三明市农业科学研究院，福建　三明　365050
2.
福建六三种业有限公司，福建　三明　365050

基金项目: 福建省科技计划星火项目（2019S0013）

详细信息

作者简介:
黄建鸿（1979−），男，硕士，助理研究员，主要从事水稻遗传育种研究（E-mail：hjh9911016@163.com）

通讯作者:
黄显波（1964−），男，研究员，主要从事水稻遗传育种研究（E-mail：huangxb_2000@163.com）

中图分类号: S 511
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-05-17
- 修回日期: 2021-10-11
- 网络出版日期: 2022-02-07
- 刊出日期: 2022-01-28

Effects of Planting Factors on Yield and Grain Quality of Hybrid Rice, T-Liangyoumingzhan

1.
Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanming, Fujian　365050, China
2.
Fujian Liusan Industry Co., Ltd., Sanming, Fujian　365050, China

摘要

摘要: 目的研究不同栽插密度、施钾量和施氮量对杂交稻T两优明占产量及稻米品质指标的影响，提出针对T 两优明占高产优质栽培的最优栽培措施方案。方法采用“311-A”试验方案，以栽插密度、施钾量和施氮量为试验因素，产量和稻米品质为目标函数，建立产量和米质指标与3项栽培因素的回归模型，进而分析3项栽培因素对T两优明占产量和米质的影响。结果在本试验设置的条件下，各因子取值在[−2, 2]范围内：（1）提高栽插密度，有利于提高糙米率、整精米率，降低垩白度；（2）提高施钾量，有利于提高糙米率，但会降低碱消值和直链淀粉含量，对胶稠度影响不显著。适宜的施钾量有利于提高整精米率、降低垩白度、改善透明度，施钾量过低或过高对这3个品质性状均有不利影响；（3）提高施氮量，糙米率和整精米率呈先降后升的趋势，对透明度影响不显著。适宜的施氮量有利于提高碱消值、胶稠度、直链淀粉含量，降低垩白度。结论合理的栽培措施可以提高T两优明占产量，改善稻米品质。综合考虑，当栽插密度19.47万～23.43 万丛·hm⁻²、施钾量（K₂O）71.0～95.5 kg·hm⁻²、施氮量（N）177.0～200.2 kg·hm⁻²时，预测值T两优明占产量8 373.14～8 556.11 kg·hm⁻²，稻米品质可达国标优质稻米三级标准。
- 栽插密度 /
- 施钾量 /
- 施氮量 /
- 水稻 /
- T两优明占 /
- 产量 /
- 稻米品质
Abstract: Objective Effects of planting density and K and N applications on the yield and quality of hybrid rice, T-Liangyoumingzhan, were studied for cultivation optimization. Method The “311-A” experimental design was applied for a regression analysis on the rice yield and quality as affected by planting density and K and N application rates. The value of each evaluation factor was set to be within the range of [− 2, 2]. Results (1) By increasing the planting density in the range of 19.47-23.43 million clumps·hm⁻², the rates of brown and milled head rice were increased but the grain chalkiness reduced. Little effect was observed on the alkali dissipation and gel consistency of the rice. Hence, appropriate planting density would be conducive to desirable transparency and amylose content of rice. (2) Increased K benefitted the brown rice rate but lowered the alkali dissipation value and amylose content. It exerted no significant effect on the gel consistency of the rice harvested. Improved head rice rate, reduced chalkiness, and increased transparency could be achieved with adequate application of K at 71.0-95.5 kg·hm⁻². (3) Increasing N decreased the brown and head rice rates at first but increased as more N was applied. The addition of N at 177.0-200.2 kg·hm⁻² range could improve alkali dissipation, gel consistency and amylose content, but not significantly on chalkiness or transparency. Conclusion Planting T-Liangyoumingzhan in the range of 19.47-23.43 million clumps·hm⁻² with the applications of K₂O at 71.0-95.5 kg·hm⁻² and N at 177.0-200.2 kg·hm⁻² was considered appropriate. Under which, a yield of 8 373.14-8 556.11 kg·hm⁻² Grade-3 high quality rice could be anticipated.
- Planting density /
- K application rate /
- N application rate /
- rice /
- T-Liangyoumingzhan /
- yield /
- rice quality

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图 1 单因素对产量的效应

Figure 1. Effect of single factor on yield

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图 2 密度和施N量对产量影响的互作效应

注：x₁，栽插密度；x₃，施钾量

Figure 2. Surface contour of effect on yield by interactions of planting density and N application

Note: x₁, planting density; x₃, K application

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图 3 施钾量和施氮量对产量影响的互作效应曲面

注：x₂，施氮量；x₃，施钾量

Figure 3. Surface contour of effect on yield by interactions of K and N applications

Note: x₂, amount of N applied; x₃, K applied

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图 4 单因素对糙米率的影响

Figure 4. Effect of individual factors on brown rice rate

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图 5 单因素对整精米率的影响

Figure 5. Effect of individual factors on head rice rate

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图 6 单因素对垩白度的影响

Figure 6. Effect of individual factors on rice chalkiness

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图 7 单因素对透明度的影响

Figure 7. Effect of individual factors on grain transparency

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图 8 单因素对碱消值的影响

Figure 8. Effect of individual factors on alkali digestion value

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图 9 单因素对胶稠度的影响

Figure 9. Effect of individual factors on gel consistency of rice

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图 10 单因素对直链淀粉含量的影响

Figure 10. Effect of individual factors on amylose content of rice

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表 1 因素水平编码

Table 1. Levels and codes of factors

编码值 Code value			实际值 The actual value
栽插密度 Density （x₁）	施钾量 K Rate （x₂）	施氮量 N Rate （x₃）	密度 Density （x₁）/ （万丛·hm⁻²）	K₂O （x₂）/ （kg·hm⁻²）	N （x₃）/ （kg·hm⁻²）
−2	−2	−2	6.00	0.00	0.00
−1.414	−1.414	−1	11.25	39.56	67.50
0	0	0	24.00	135.00	135.00
1.414	1.414	1	36.60	230.45	202.50
2	2	2	42.00	270.00	270.00

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表 2 试验设计方案

Table 2. Test design

处理编号 Treatment number	编码值 Code value
处理编号 Treatment number	栽插密度 Density (x₁)	K₂O (x₂)	N (x₃)
1	0	0	2
2	0	0	−2
3	−1.414	−1.414	1
4	1.414	−1.414	1
5	−1.414	1.414	1
6	1.414	1.414	1
7	2	0	−1
8	−2	0	−1
9	0	2	−1
10	0	−2	−1
11	0	0	0

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表 3 不同处理实收产量

Table 3. Actual yields of treatments

处理编号 Treatment number	平均产量 average yield/（kg·hm⁻²）
1	8 264.62
2	7 488.76
3	7 814.84
4	8 976.76
5	8 339.58
6	9 089.21
7	9 503.37
8	7 496.25
9	8 995.50
10	7 983.51
11	8 920.54

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表 4 各试验因子不同处理的产量

Table 4. Yields of treatments based on test factor

试验因子 Factors	产量 Yield/（kg·m⁻²）							变异系数 CV/%
试验因子 Factors	−2	−1.414	−1	0	1	1.414	2	变异系数 CV/%
栽插密度 Density(x₁)	7 321.25	7 631.94	7 838.23	8 290.47	8 677.97	8 819.52	9 000.73	7.82
施钾量 K Rate(x₂)	7 785.01	7 962.01	8 072.69	8 290.47	8 438.35	8 479.13	8 516.33	3.46
施氮量 N Rate(x₃)	7 022.51	7 610.06	7 917.44	8 290.47	8 141.60	7 927.08	7 470.83	5.58

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表 5 各稻米品质指标回归方程的偏回归系数

Table 5. Partial regression coefficients on rice quality indices

品质指标 Quality index	偏回归系数 Partial regression coefficient
品质指标 Quality index	b₀	b₁	b₂	b₃	b₁₂	b₁₃	b₂₃	b₁₁	b₂₂	b₃₃
糙米率 Brown rice rate	79.700	0.160	0.208	−0.037	0.213	0.035	0.058	0.106	−0.031	0.150
整精米率 Head rice rate	61.700	0.500	0.227	−0.406	0.875	0.525	−0.723	0.219	−0.569	0.388
垩白度 Chalkiness	1.400	−0.385	0.131	−0.281	0.050	0.315	−0.344	0.000	0.088	0.163
透明度 Transparency	1.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.250	0.250	0.000
碱消值 Alkali Digestion Value	4.800	−0.041	−0.113	0.094	0.050	−0.066	−0.063	0.034	0.022	−0.050
胶稠度 Gel consistency	78.000	−0.427	0.177	−0.500	0.750	0.073	0.177	0.625	0.375	−0.500
直链淀粉 Amylase content	15.200	−0.055	−0.121	−0.006	−0.100	0.020	−0.021	−0.084	−0.022	−0.075

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表 6 稻米品质指标实测结果与预测值

Table 6. Experimental and predicted rice quality indices

品质指标 Quality index		处理编号 Treatment number
品质指标 Quality index		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
糙米率 Brown rice rate /%	实际值 Result value	80.5	80.1	79.6	79.3	79.5	80.9	80.7	80.2	80.2	79.6	79.7
糙米率 Brown rice rate /%	预测值 Prediction value	80.2	80.4	79.7	79.4	79.6	81	80.6	80.1	80.1	79.5	79.7
整精米率 Head rice rate /%	实际值 Result value	63.2	63.3	61.6	61	56.7	63.1	63.7	63.8	62.5	58.7	61.7
整精米率 Head rice rate /%	预测值 Prediction value	62.4	64.1	62	61.4	57.1	63.5	63.3	63.4	62.1	58.3	61.7
垩白度 Chalkiness /%	实际值 Result value	1.8	2.3	1.8	1.4	1	1	0.6	3.4	3.3	1.4	1.4
垩白度 Chalkiness /%	预测值 Prediction value	1.5	2.6	2	1.6	1.2	1.2	0.4	3.2	3.1	1.2	1.4
透明度 Transparency	实际值 Result value	1	1	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	1
透明度 Transparency	预测值 Prediction value	1	1	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	1
碱消值 Alkali Digestion Value	实际值 Result value	4.7	4.5	5.5	5	4.8	4.7	4.8	4.7	4.6	4.8	4.8
碱消值 Alkali Digestion Value	预测值 Prediction value	4.8	4.4	5.5	5	4.8	4.7	4.8	4.7	4.6	4.8	4.8
胶稠度 Gel consistency /mm	实际值 Result value	76	76	80	76	78	80	80	82	80	80	78
胶稠度 Gel consistency /mm	预测值 Prediction value	75	77	80.5	76.5	78.5	80.5	79.5	81.5	79.5	79.5	78
直链淀粉 Amylase content/%	实际值 Result value	14.8	15	15	15.3	15	14.5	14.6	14.9	14.8	15.2	15.2
直链淀粉 Amylase content/%	预测值 Prediction value	14.9	14.9	15	15.3	15	14.5	14.6	14.9	14.8	15.2	15.2

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表 7 各项米质指标模拟值范围

Table 7. Ranges of simulated rice quality indices

米质指标 Rice quality indexes		模拟值 Simulation	取值水平 Factor level			米质等级 Rice quality grade
米质指标 Rice quality indexes		模拟值 Simulation	x₁	x₂	x₃	米质等级 Rice quality grade
糙米率 Brown rice rate/%	最大值 max	82.48	2	2	2	1
糙米率 Brown rice rate/%	最小值 min	79.00	1	−2	0	2
整精米率 Head rice rate/%	最大值 max	68.41	2	2	−2	1
整精米率 Head rice rate/%	最小值 min	52.00	−2	2	2	3
垩白度 Chalkiness/%	最大值 max	6.43	−2	2	−2	Normally
垩白度 Chalkiness/%	最小值 min	0.00	2	−2	−2	1
透明度 Transparency	最大值 max	3.00	−2	−2	2	normally
透明度 Transparency	最小值 min	1.00	0	0	−2	1
碱消值 Alkali Digestion Value	最大值 max	6.04	−2	−2	2	1
碱消值 Alkali Digestion Value	最小值 min	4.28	−2	2	−2	Normally
胶稠度 Gel consistency/mm	最大值 max	86.00	−2	−2	−1	1
胶稠度 Gel consistency/mm	最小值 min	74.28	1	−2	2	1
直链淀粉 Amylase content/%	最大值 max	15.41	1	−2	0	1
直链淀粉 Amylase content/%	最小值 min	13.71	2	2	2	1

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表 8 产量8 250～9 000 kg·hm⁻²、垩白度≤2%、透明度≤2级、碱消值≥5的技术方案及各个指标的预测值

Table 8. Designs and predictions on rice quality indices for yield at 8 250-9 000 kg·hm⁻², chalkiness≤2%, transparency≤2, and alkali digestion value≥5

项目 Item	指标 Index	平均取值水平 Mean value			预测值 Predicted value
项目 Item	指标 Index	x₁	x₂	x₃	产量 Yield	垩白度 Chalkiness%	透明度 Transparency	碱消值 Alkali Digestion Value
产量 Yield	8 250～9 000 kg	0.390	0.122	0.098	9 103.20	1.25	1.04	4.78
垩白度 Chalkiness	≤2%	0.462	0.026	0.333	9 106.56	1.20	1.05	4.80
透明度 Transparency	≤2级	0.000	0.000	−0.163	8 895.20	1.45	1.00	4.78
碱消值 Alkali Digestion Value	≥5	−0.630	−1.185	0.778	8 373.14	1.69	1.45	5.17
碱消值 Alkali Digestion Value	≥5的下限	−0.079	−0.732	1.207	8 556.11	1.56	1.14	5.00

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