蚕豆花荚期疏枝饲用和肥用成分分析

刘彩玲; 李程勋; 叶红云; 何春梅; 王利民; 黄毅斌; 李爱萍; 曾承传

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.01.006

蚕豆花荚期疏枝饲用和肥用成分分析

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.01.006

刘彩玲^1,,
李程勋^2,,
叶红云^{1, 3},
何春梅¹,
王利民¹,
黄毅斌^1, ,,
李爱萍²,
曾承传⁴

1.
福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所，福建　福州　350013
2.
福建省农业科学院作物研究所，福建　福州　350013
3.
福建农林大学资源与环境学院，福建　福州　350002
4.
福建闽紫种业有限公司，福建　福州　350013

基金项目: 福建省科技计划公益类专项（2019R1025-2、2020R1031006、2019R1025-6）；现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-22-G-01）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘彩玲（1991−），女，硕士，助理研究员，研究方向：绿肥种质资源选育与应用（E-mail：553036876@qq.com）

共同第一作者：李程勋（1991−），男，硕士，研究实习员，研究方向：食用豆育种与农产品天然产物提取研究（E-mail：1219513539@qq.com）

通讯作者:
黄毅斌（1964−），男，博士，研究员，研究方向：生态农业研究（E-mail：ecohyb@163.com）

中图分类号: S 551
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-16
- 修回日期: 2021-11-02
- 网络出版日期: 2022-02-07
- 刊出日期: 2022-01-28

Feeding and Fertilizing Values of Broad Bean Branches Pruned at Flower-pod Stage

1.
Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian　350013, China
2.
Crop Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian　350013, China
3.
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China
4.
Fujian Minzi Seed Industry Corp., Fuzhou, Fujian　350013, China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析蚕豆（Vicia faba L.）花荚期疏枝的饲用和肥用成分，为合理利用蚕豆疏枝提供参考。方法在田间试验条件下，测定11个蚕豆品种（系）的花荚期疏枝的生物量、养分含量及截获量。结果花荚期蚕豆可疏枝2～3次，产生茎叶干物质1.22～2.54 kg·hm⁻²。作为饲草利用，蚕豆疏枝相对饲用价值介于96.79～120.23，从高到低依次为通蚕鲜6号＞陵西一寸＞I₃＞通蚕鲜8号＞通蚕鲜10号＞通蚕鲜7号＞通09-110-1＞日本大白皮＞I₂＞I₁＞I₄。依据等级划分可知，I₃、通蚕鲜6号、通蚕鲜8号、通蚕鲜10号、陵西一寸属于二级偏上水平，通蚕鲜7号属于二级偏下水平，I₁、I₂、I₄、通09-110-1、日本大白皮属于四级偏上水平。作为绿肥利用，蚕豆疏枝翻压回田可提供N、P、K截获量分别为43.79～75.20、6.52～13.95、61.91～120.69 kg·hm⁻²，相当于34.09～98.82 kg 氮、8.50～14.21 kg 磷、80.73～128.63 kg 钾的有效养分。结论综合分析比较参试蚕豆品种（系）生物产量、品质及营养价值，认为在福建地区，I₃、通蚕鲜6号、通蚕鲜8号、通蚕鲜10号、陵西一寸花荚期疏枝饲用价值较高；I₂、I₄、通蚕鲜8号、通09-110-1花荚期疏枝肥用价值较高。
- 蚕豆 /
- 花荚期 /
- 饲草 /
- 绿肥
Abstract: Objective Composition and value of the broad bean branches pruned at flower-pod stage to be used for forage or fertilizer were evaluated. Method Pruned branches from 11 varieties of Vicia faba L. were collected in the field to determine the biomass, nutrients content, and NPK uptake of the waste material. Result It was found that the broad bean plants could be pruned 2 to 3 times at the flower-pod stage to yield 1.22-2.54 t·hm⁻² on dry matters. As forage, the branches had a relative feeding value ranging from 96.79 to 120.23 that ranked by the various varieties as Tongcan (fresh) No.6＞Lingxiyicun＞I₃＞Tongcan (fresh) No.8＞Tongcan (fresh) No.10＞Tongcan (fresh) No.7＞Tong 09-110-1＞Ribendabaipi＞I₂＞I₁＞I_4. Thus, I₃, Tongcan (fresh) No. 6, Tongcan (fresh) No. 8, Tongcan (fresh) No. 10, and Lingxiyicun were classified as upper Grade-2 and Tongcan (fresh) No. 7 as the lower level of the same grade, whereas I_1, I₂, I₄, Tong 09-110-1, and Ribendabaipi as upper Grade-4. To be used as green manure, the pruned branches could be buried in soil to provide nutrient uptake on N at 43.79–75.20 kg·hm⁻², 6.52–13.95 kg·hm⁻²on P, and 61.91–120.69 kg·hm⁻²on K, which represented effective equivalents of 34.09–98.82 kg of N, 8.50–14.21 kg of P, and 80.73–128.63 kg of K on a per hm² basis. Conclusion The biomass yield, quality, and nutritional value of the pruned branches of the broad bean variety I₃, Tongcan (fresh) No. 6, Tongcan (fresh) No. 8, Tongcan (fresh) No. 10, and Lingxiyicun in the province had high values as forage, and I₂, I₄, Tongcan (fresh) No. 8, and Tong 09-110-1 high as fertilizer.
- Pruned broad bean branches /
- flower-pod stage /
- forage /
- green manure

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表 1 参试11份蚕豆种质资源

Table 1. Eleven varieties of broad bean plants

品种 Varieties	种质来源 Origins
I₁	青海省农林科学院 Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
I₂	青海省农林科学院 Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
I₃	青海省农林科学院 Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
I₄	青海省农林科学院 Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
通蚕鲜6号 Tongcan (fresh) No.6	江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 Jiangsu Institute of Agricultural Science Research Area along the Yangtze River
通蚕鲜7号 Tongcan(fresh)No.7	江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 Jiangsu Institute of Agricultural Science Research Area along the Yangtze River
通蚕鲜8号 Tongcan(fresh) No.8	江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 Jiangsu Institute of Agricultural Science Research Area along the Yangtze River
通蚕鲜10号 Tongcan(fresh) No.10	江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 Jiangsu Institute of Agricultural Science Research Area along the Yangtze River
日本大白皮 Ribendabaipi	江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 Jiangsu Institute of Agricultural Science Research Area along the Yangtze River
通09-110-1 Tong 09-110-1	江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 Jiangsu Institute of Agricultural Science Research Area along the Yangtze River
陵西一寸 Lingxiyicun	福建省农业科学院作物研究所 Crop Institute，Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences

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表 2 不同蚕豆品种（系）疏枝营养品质含量比较

Table 2. Nutritional quality of branches from varieties of broad beans

品种 Cultivars	粗蛋白 Crude protein/%	粗脂肪 Ether extract/%	粗纤维 Crude fiber/%	粗灰分 Ash/%
I₁	19.33±0.71 e	2.20±0.17 c	38.03±3.00 a	12.34±0.83 cd
I₂	19.43±1.37 e	2.47±0.15 abc	35.67±1.80 abc	14.66±0.78 a
I₃	20.83±0.71 cde	2.73±0.60 ab	32.50±1.05 bcd	11.76±0.94 d
I₄	20.47±1.77 de	2.53±0.15 abc	35.33±1.08 abc	13.80±0.22 abc
通蚕鲜6号 Tongcan(fresh) No.6	22.63±1.71 bc	2.53±0.21 abc	30.97±1.88 cd	12.37±1.36 cd
通蚕鲜7号 Tongcan(fresh) No.7	23.17±0.76 b	2.83±0.15 a	34.83±2.75 abc	13.79±0.65 abc
通蚕鲜8号 Tongcan(fresh) No.8	23.63±1.55 b	2.47±0.25 abc	31.03±2.97 cd	12.53±0.61 bcd
通蚕鲜10号 Tongcan(fresh) No.10	23.87±1.37 b	2.90±0.53 a	32.57±6.20 bcd	13.38±0.61 abc
日本大白皮 Ribendabaipi	21.97±1.65 bcd	2.67±0.12 abc	35.63±2.02 abc	13.85±1.07 abc
通09-110-1 Tong 09-110-1	20.83±0.84 cde	2.20±0.10 c	37.17±2.35 ab	14.27±0.59 a
陵西一寸 Lingxiyicun	26.13±0.64 a	2.33±0.06 bc	28.87±2.83 d	14.06±1.60 ab
注：同列数据后不同小写字母表示不同品种间差异显著（P<0.05）；下同。 Note: Data with different lowercase letters on the same column indicate significant differences between varieties at 0.05 level. Same for following tables.

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表 3 不同蚕豆品种（系）疏枝饲用价值比较

Table 3. Feeding value of pruned branches from broad bean plants

品种 Cultivars	中性洗涤纤维素 Neutral detergent fiber/%	酸性洗涤纤维素 Acid detergent fiber/%	酸性洗涤木质素 Acid detergent lignin/%	相对饲用价值 Relative feed value
I₁	54.67±3.03 abcd	41.33±3.26 a	12.73±1.08 abcd	96.82±9.38 c
I₂	54.07±2.10 abc	40.70±1.20 ab	13.00±0.44 ab	98.55±5.43 c
I₃	49.70±0.92 abcde	36.97±0.97 abcd	10.97±0.67 d	112.54±3.41 abc
I₄	54.87±2.47 a	41.00±2.16 ab	13.00±1.66 ab	96.79±7.10 c
通蚕鲜6号 Tongcan(fresh) No.6	47.70±2.44 e	35.20±2.34 d	11.13±0.40 cd	120.23±9.97 a
通蚕鲜7号 Tongcan(fresh) No.7	51.53±1.04 abcde	39.33±1.80 abcd	13.87±0.67 a	105.23±4.58 abc
通蚕鲜8号 Tongcan(fresh) No.8	50.27±2.06 bcde	36.63±1.24 bcd	12.13±0.81 abcd	111.88±6.51 abc
通蚕鲜10号 Tongcan(fresh) No.10	50.87±5.92 abcde	37.97±6.06 abcd	11.17±0.81 bcd	110.27±22.90 abc
日本大白皮 Ribendabaipi	52.60±0.10 abcd	39.67±0.49 abcd	13.37±2.25 a	102.57±0.69 bc
通09-110-1 Tong 09-110-1	52.40±2.18 abcd	40.03±2.31 abc	13.57±1.10 a	102.66±7.29 bc
陵西一寸 Lingxiyicun	48.90±2.38 de	35.77±2.84 cd	12.87±0.64 abc	116.44±10.13 ab

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表 4 不同蚕豆品种（系）农艺性状差异比较

Table 4. Agronomical characteristics of varieties of broad bean plants

品种 Cultivars	茎叶比 Ratio of leaf to stem/%	鲜干比 Fresh-dry ratio/%	根冠比 Root-shoot ratio/%	干物质产量 Dry matter/（kg·hm⁻²）
I₁	2.00±0.07 ab	12.01±0.77 c	0.06±0.03 ab	2.01±0.79 abc
I₂	2.20±0.71 a	12.81±1.26 c	0.04±0.01 b	2.43±0.63 ab
I₃	1.58±0.10 c	13.24±1.55 bc	0.07±0.01 b	1.67±0.41 abc
I₄	1.81±0.34 abc	13.07±2.56 bc	0.05±0.01 ab	2.25±0.76 abc
通蚕鲜6号 Tongcan(fresh) No.6	1.64±0.09 bc	14.38±1.73 abc	0.08±0.10 ab	1.47±0.94 abc
通蚕鲜7号 Tongcan(fresh) No.7	1.65±0.00 bc	16.60±0.86 a	0.10±0.02 ab	1.36±0.60 bc
通蚕鲜8号 Tongcan(fresh) No.8	1.43±0.16 c	13.40±0.92 bc	0.06±0.02 ab	2.13±0.85 abc
通蚕鲜10号 Tongcan(fresh) No.10	1.59±0.12 bc	15.73±1.06 ab	0.14±0.12 a	1.22±0.72 c
日本大白皮 Ribendabaipi	1.75±0.02 bc	13.89±2.75 abc	0.07±0.00 b	1.81±0.31 abc
通09-110-1 Tong 09-110-1	1.78±0.04 abc	14.72±0.63 abc	0.07±0.01 b	2.54±0.25 a
陵西一寸 Lingxiyicun	1.49±0.10 c	13.31±1.89 bc	0.06±0.02 ab	1.74±0.19 abc

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表 5 农艺性状与产量、品质的相关系数

Table 5. Correlation coefficient between yield and agronomical characteristic of broad bean varieties

项目 Item	茎叶比 Ratio of leaf to stem	鲜干比 Fresh-dry ratio	根冠比 Root-shoot ratio
干物质产量 Dry matter	0.184	−0.221	−0.716**
相对饲用价值 Relative feed value	−0.384*	0.014	0.007
注：和表示在0.05和0.01水平上显著相关。 Note: “”and“**” indicate significant correlation at 0.05 and 0.01 level, respectively.

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表 6 不同蚕豆品种（系）疏枝养分截获量比较

Table 6. Nutrient uptakes of pruned branches from broad bean plants

品种 Cultivars	氮 Nitrogen/ （kg·hm⁻²）	磷 Phosphorus/ （kg·hm⁻²）	钾 Potassium/ （kg·hm⁻²）	有机质 Soil organic matter/ （t·hm⁻²）
I₁	57.07±23.89 a	8.32±3.14 b	87.30±34.95 ab	1.36±0.60 abc
I₂	67.83±17.16 a	9.94±2.27 ab	100.12±19.88 ab	1.67±0.41 abc
I₃	53.03±12.20 a	7.70±2.40 b	65.64±18.45 b	1.08±0.29 abc
I₄	64.94±26.10 a	10.58±3.81 ab	97.70±32.95 ab	1.49±0.52 abc
通蚕鲜6号 Tongcan(fresh) No.6	49.75±32.16 a	7.94±4.91 b	72.51±46.65 ab	1.01±0.65 bc
通蚕鲜7号 Tongcan(fresh) No.7	48.78±22.29 a	7.69±3.62 b	65.01±24.54 b	0.87±0.42 c
通蚕鲜8号 Tongcan(fresh) No.8	74.88±23.78 a	10.71±4.41 ab	101.16±43.58 ab	1.34±0.46 abc
通蚕鲜10号 Tongcan(fresh) No.10	43.79±25.98 a	6.52±4.19 b	61.91±37.32 b	0.79±0.49 c
日本大白皮 Ribendabaipi	59.08±71.87 a	8.73±0.41 ab	86.41±11.38 ab	1.19±0.21 abc
通09-110-1 Tong 09-110-1	75.20±8.05 a	13.95±1.19 a	120.69±6.46 a	1.78±0.17 a
陵西一寸 Lingxiyicun	65.49±63.65 a	9.38±2.20 ab	85.84±18.54 ab	1.20±0.11 abc

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