橡胶树大筒苗培育中叶篷数对出圃定植质量的影响

周珺; 王新龙; 王军; 陈健; 黄坚; 王新燕

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.010.005

橡胶树大筒苗培育中叶篷数对出圃定植质量的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.010.005

中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所，海南　海口　571101

基金项目: 海南省自然科学基金高层次人才项目（321RC655）；国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-33-YZ4）；

详细信息

作者简介:
周珺（1981−），女，博士，副研究员，研究方向：橡胶树种苗繁育技术研发与示范推广（E-mail：zhoujun@catas.cn）

中图分类号: S 723.3
计量
- 文章访问数: 358
- HTML全文浏览量: 161
- PDF下载量: 55
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-12-23
- 修回日期: 2022-03-29
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-29
- 刊出日期: 2022-10-30

Effect of Canopy Leaf Count on Quality of Exit-nursery Hevea brasiliensis Buddings Cultivated in Large Polytubes

Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, Hainan　571101, China

摘要

摘要: 目的确定橡胶树大筒苗适宜的出圃叶篷数和出圃定植时的保留叶篷数，为橡胶树育苗质量提升提供技术支持。方法以小苗芽接苗为胚苗，通过悬空控根培养的方式培育6 ～ 8蓬叶的橡胶树大筒苗，按不同的叶蓬数[6蓬叶（Y6）、7蓬叶（Y7）、8蓬叶（Y8）]和定植保留叶篷数[1蓬叶（P1）、2蓬叶（P2）、3蓬叶（P3）、4蓬叶（P4）]分批次进行出圃定植，比较分析大筒苗的生长势、出圃定植表现和植后0.5 年的茎粗生长情况，再采用模糊隶属函数法对其进行综合评价。结果大筒苗的株高、叶篷数和总叶片数的排序均为Y6＜ Y7＜Y8，平均叶篷距为Y6＞Y7 ＞Y8，且处理间差异显著。各出圃叶篷数的大筒苗抽芽率为93.34% ～ 94.25%，处理间无明显差异；出圃率高低顺序为Y6＞Y7＞Y8，定植成活率为Y7＞Y6＞Y8；出圃时各保留叶篷数的出圃占比高低顺序依次为P3＞P4 ＞P2 ＞P1，定植成活率为P4＞P3＞P1＞P2，且处理间均有显著差异。出圃茎粗大小顺序均为Y6＜Y7＜Y8，且处理间差异显著；而定植0.5 年茎粗为Y6显著小于Y7、Y8，Y7和Y8之间无显著差异；不同保留叶篷数的大筒苗出圃茎粗为P1和P2显著小于P3和P4，定植0.5 年后的茎粗为P2显著小于其余保留叶篷数处理。结论综合考虑不同出圃叶蓬数的出圃率或出圃时不同保留叶蓬数的出圃占比及其定植成活率和茎粗增长量，橡胶树大筒苗的出圃叶篷数以 Y7出圃定植可获得较高的定植成活率和植后生长势；出圃时保留叶篷数以 P3的出圃占比最高、植后0.5年茎粗最大；可作为橡胶树大筒苗出圃叶篷数和出圃时保留叶篷数的参考指标。
- 橡胶树 /
- 大筒苗 /
- 叶篷数 /
- 出圃 /
- 定植 /
- 生长势
Abstract: Objective Optimal number of canopy leaves on exit-nursery Hevea brasiliensis buddings cultivated using large polytubes was investigated. Method Rubber plant buddings raised in large polytubes with 6 to 8 leaves on the canopy were grown by hanging root control method in separate batches denoted as Y6, Y7, and Y8, respectively. In addition, plants with retained one canopy leaf, P1, two leaves, P2, 3 leaves, P3, and 4 leaves, P4 were also included. The growth vigor, exit-nursery performance, and size of stem girth after 0.5 years of large polytube cultivation of the plants were evaluated by a fuzzy membership function method. Result With significant differences between treatments, the plant height, canopy leaf count, and total leaf number of the buddings ranked Y6＜Y7＜Y8. In contrast, the average distance between two canopy leaves was Y6＞Y7＞Y8. The sprouting rates of the buddings with varied exit-nursery canopy leaf counts ranging from 93.34% to 94.25% were not significantly different among treatments. The rates of successful exiting nursery of the buddings were Y6＞Y7＞Y8, while the planting survival rates Y7＞Y6＞Y8. Upon leaving the nursery, the leaf retention proportions, which ranked P3＞P4＞P2＞P1, and the planting survival rates, which ranked P4＞P3＞P1＞P2, were both statistically significant. The significantly different stem girths of the exited plants were Y6＜Y7＜Y8 with Y6 being significantly smaller than the others after cultivating for half a years, but not significantly different between Y7 and Y8. The stem diameters of P1 and P2 were significantly smaller than those of P3 and P4 at time of exiting the nursery, whereas that of P2 significantly smaller than those of others after the 0.5-year cultivation. Conclusion Considering the rates of successful nursery exiting, leaf retention, and survival after planting as well as the stem diameter and exit-nursery canopy leaf count, the large polytube-raised H. brasiliensis buddings with 7 canopy leaves (Y7) had a higher survival rate and stronger field growth than the others. After exiting the nursery, the 3-canopy-leaf P3 buddings appeared to be most successful among all regarding the exit-nursery proportion and large after 0.5-year-cultivation stem girth. These parameters could be used as an indicator for determining numbers of kept canopy leaves to be retained on the large polytube-raised H. brasiliensis buddings.
- Hevea brasiliensis /
- large polytube-raised buddings /
- canopy leaf count /
- exit-nursery /
- planting /
- growth vigor

HTML全文

图 1 各出圃叶篷数的大筒苗出圃参数

不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著（P<0.05）。图2~4同。

Figure 1. Parameters for large polytube-raised buddings with different numbers of canopy leaves to exit nursery

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05). Same for Fig.2–4.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 不同保留叶篷数的大筒苗出圃占比和定植成活率

Figure 2. Proportion of successful nursery exiting and survival rate of large polytube-raised buddings with different numbers of retained canopy leaves

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 不同出圃叶篷数的大筒苗茎粗

Figure 3. Stem diameters of large polytube-raised buddings with different numbers of exit-nursery canopy leaves

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 不同保留叶篷数的大筒苗茎粗

Figure 4. Stem diameters of large polytube-raised buddings with different numbers of retained canopy leaves

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 各出圃叶篷数的大筒苗生长参数

Table 1. Growth parameters of large polytube-raised buddings with different numbers of exit-nursery canopy leaves

出圃叶篷数 Out-nursery leaf-umbrella numbers	Y6	Y7	Y8
株高 Plant height/cm	180.20±1.17 c	206.10±0.41 b	231.23±1.56 a
叶篷数 Leaf-umbrella numbers	5.98±0.04 c	6.93±0.02 b	7.97±0.05 a
平均叶篷距 Average distance between two leaf-umbrellas/cm	16.03±0.38 a	14.24±0.29 b	12.89±0.49 c
总叶片数 Total number of leaves/片	77.65±0.66 b	80.87±0.86 a	81.01±1.29 a
同行不同小写字母表示差异显著（P＜0.05）。 Different lowercase letters of each row mean significantly difference at P＜0.05.

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 出圃叶蓬数与保留叶蓬数互作效应双因素方差分析

Table 2. Two factors analysis of variance on interacting effect between exit-nursery and retained numbers of canopy leaves

变异来源 Source of variation	出圃占比 Proportion of out-nursery	出圃茎粗 Stem diameter of out-nursery	定植成活率 Field planting survival rate	定植0.5 年茎粗 Stem diameter after planting 0.5 year
出圃叶蓬数Y Leaf-umbrella numbers out of nursery	0.00	33.32**	2337.70^**	33.90^**
保留叶蓬数P Leaf-umbrella numbers retained	1490.18**	25.74**	470.19^**	4.57^*
Y × P	332.22**	9.75**	474.29^**	8.28^**
和分别表示差异性在0.05和0.01水平显著. and ** indicate that the differences is significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 level, respectively.

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 各处理大筒苗的评价指标隶属函数值和综合评价

Table 3. Subordinate function value and comprehensive evaluation index of large polytube-raised buddings in each treatment group

处理Treatment	评价指标 Evaluation index
处理Treatment	出圃率/出圃占比 Out-nursery rate or proportion	定植成活率 Field planting survival rate	出圃茎粗 Out-nursery stem diameter	定植0.5 年茎粗 Stem diameter after planting 0.5 year	隶属度平均值 Average membership degree	综合排名 Comprehensive ranking
Y6	1.00	0.55	0.00	0.00	0.39	3
Y7	0.57	1.00	0.51	0.82	0.73	1
Y8	0.00	0.00	1.00	1.00	0.50	2
P1	0.00	0.49	0.00	0.63	0.28	3
P2	0.25	0.00	0.23	0.00	0.12	4
P3	1.00	0.73	1.00	1.00	0.93	1
P4	0.34	1.00	0.92	0.45	0.68	2

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(20)

[1]	国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会. 橡胶树苗木: GB/T 17822.2—2009[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2009.
[2]	中华人民共和国农业农村部. 橡胶树育苗技术规程: NY/T 1686—2018[S]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2019.
[3]	周珺, 林位夫, 王军, 等. 一种大型橡胶苗培育方法: CN104255369A[P]. 2015-01-07.
[4]	黄华孙. 现代农业产业技术体系建设理论与实践-天然橡胶体系分册[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2020: 42-46.
[5]	中华人民共和国农业部. 橡胶树栽培学术语: NY/T 2263—2012[S]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2013.
[6]	褚君强. 修枝对橡胶芽接幼树光和特性及生长的影响[D]. 海口: 海南大学, 2012. CHU J Q. The study on the photosynthesis and growth of the young pruning rubber budding tree[D]. Haikou: Hainan University, 2012. (in Chinese)
[7]	周珺, 褚君强, 林位夫, 等. 不同叶篷叶片对橡胶芽接幼树生长的影响 [J]. 土壤与作物, 2015, 4(3):125−130. doi: 10.11689/j.issn.2095-2961.2015.03.005 ZHOU J, CHU J Q, LIN W F, et al. The influence of different leaf-umbrella leaves for the sapling growth grafting with rubber tree [J]. Soil and Crop, 2015, 4(3): 125−130.(in Chinese) doi: 10.11689/j.issn.2095-2961.2015.03.005
[8]	陈健, 姚行成, 王新龙, 等. 橡胶树芽条不同叶蓬芽片的繁殖试验 [J]. 热带农业工程, 2018, 42(4):9−11. CHEN J, YAO X C, WANG X L, et al. The propagation experiment of buds from different budwoods of rubber tree [J]. Tropical Agricultural Engineering, 2018, 42(4): 9−11.(in Chinese)
[9]	周珺, 陈青, 王新燕, 等. 橡胶树小苗芽接不同叶蓬的芽片质量和芽接效果比较分析 [J]. 土壤与作物, 2021, 10(2):213−220. doi: 10.11689/j.issn.2095-2961.2021.02.010 ZHOU J, CHEN Q, WANG X Y, et al. Comparative analysis on bud patches quality and bud grafting efficacy in rubber green buddings with different leaf-umbrellas [J]. Soils and Crops, 2021, 10(2): 213−220.(in Chinese) doi: 10.11689/j.issn.2095-2961.2021.02.010
[10]	孙小龙, 田海, 桂明春, 等. 橡胶树不同叶蓬不同芽片籽苗芽接试验 [J]. 热带农业科技, 2019, 42(4):1−3,8. SUN X L, TIAN H, GUI M C, et al. Experiment of mini-seedling grafting with different buds from different budwoods of rubber trees [J]. Tropical Agricultural Science & Technology, 2019, 42(4): 1−3,8.(in Chinese)
[11]	周珺, 王军, 林位夫, 等. 橡胶树小筒苗出圃质量的比较研究 [J]. 热带农业科学, 2014, 34(10):15−18. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-2196.2014.10.004 ZHOU J, WANG J, LIN W F, et al. Outplanting quality parameters of rubber mini-polytube budding [J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 2014, 34(10): 15−18.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-2196.2014.10.004
[12]	周珺, 陈青, 林位夫, 等. 橡胶树大筒苗培育方法Ⅰ: 育苗基质的筛选 [J]. 经济林研究, 2021, 39(1):220−226. ZHOU J, CHEN Q, LIN W F, et al. Cultivation method of large rubber polytube-raised buddings Ⅰ: Screening of seedling substrate [J]. Non-Wood Forest Research, 2021, 39(1): 220−226.(in Chinese)
[13]	周珺, 陈青, 王新龙, 等. 橡胶树大筒苗培育方法Ⅱ: 砧木材料的筛选 [J]. 种子, 2022, 41(7):132−138. ZHOU J, CHEN Q, WANG X L, et al. Cultivation method of large rubber poly-tube-raised buddings Ⅱ: Screening of root-stock material [J]. Seed, 2022, 41(7): 132−138.(in Chinese)
[14]	周珺, 林位夫, 黄坚, 等. 橡胶树大筒苗培育方法Ⅲ: 悬空高度的确定 [J]. 分子植物育种, 2022, 20(9):3102−3109. ZHOU J, LIN W F, HUANG J, et al. Cultivation method of large rubber polytube-raised buddings Ⅲ: Determination of suspended height [J]. Molecular Plant Breeding, 2022, 20(9): 3102−3109.(in Chinese)
[15]	周珺, 林位夫, 王军, 等. 一种大型苗木培育装置: CN203251711U[P]. 2013-10-30.
[16]	周珺, 陈青, 王军, 等. 不同基质配比对橡胶树籽苗芽接小筒苗生长的影响 [J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2018, 20(2):33−38. doi: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0203 ZHOU J, CHEN Q, WANG J, et al. Effect of different mediums on the growth of rubber small polytube-raised buddings [J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2018, 20(2): 33−38.(in Chinese) doi: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0203
[17]	陈青, 周珺, 王军, 等. 遮荫对橡胶树组培苗生长的影响 [J]. 福建农业学报, 2018, 33(5):516−519. CHEN Q, ZHOU J, WANG J, et al. Effect of defferent shading on growth of tissue-cultured Hevea brasiliensis seedlings [J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 33(5): 516−519.(in Chinese)
[18]	周珺, 林位夫, 王军, 等. 水肥滴灌对橡胶树小筒苗接穗部及根部生长与叶片养分的影响 [J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2015(3):84−87. doi: 10.11838/sfsc.20150315 ZHOU J, LIN W F, WANG J, et al. Effect of drip irrigation combined with fertilization on the growth of scion and root and leaf nutrient in rubber diminutive polytube budding [J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2015(3): 84−87.(in Chinese) doi: 10.11838/sfsc.20150315
[19]	中华人民共和国农业农村部. 橡胶树割胶技术规程: NY/T 1088—2020[S]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2021.
[20]	陈先红, 王军, 王新龙, 等. 一种培育橡胶树大型全冠苗的育苗方法: CN111406569A[P]. 2020-07-14.