A New Bougainvillea Cultivar, Minhong 1
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摘要:
目的 为丰富我国三角梅种质资源，通过实生繁育技术选育三角梅新品种，以促进三角梅品种多样化。 方法 2009年，以银边浅紫三角梅为材料，采收自然杂交的种子进行播种，1年后将播种苗全部落地栽培；2010–2013年进行扦插繁殖并选种，初选变异株命名为闽红1号；2014–2015年闽红1号与其亲本进行品比试验，2017–2018年闽红1号进行多点试验，2022年进行分子基因组测序验证其与母本的亲缘关系。 结果 新品种闽红1号在厦门、漳州等地种植，9月至翌年4月为花期，平均节间距长1.39 cm，刺长4.01 mm；新叶呈橘红色，成熟叶为中绿色，平均叶长7.42 cm，叶宽3.73 cm；花序着生于枝顶端和中部，花苞片呈紫红色，平均长3.97 cm，宽3.19 cm，花期232 d左右。经过品比试验和多点试验，闽红1号表现稳定。闽红1号与其母本的分子测序，证实两者亲缘关系接近。 结论 闽红1号花期长、花量大，具有较高的园林应用价值，于2021年10月正式获颁国家林草局新品种权证书（品种权号：20210523）。 Abstract:Objective a new bougainvillea cultivar was bred by seedling selection to add to the germplasm collection in China for landscaping. Method In 2009, the seeds of natural hybrid Bougainvillea glabra Mrs. Eva Mauve Variegata were sown, and seedlings planted a year later. In the field, the selected seedlings were propagated with cut tissues from 2010 to 2013 and named Minhong 1. Subsequently, they were compared to the parent in 2013–2014, and subjected to multi-point tests in 2017–2019. Genetic relationship among cultivars was examined by GBS in 2022. Result The Minhong 1 planted in Xiamen, Zhangzhou, and other localities bloomed from September to following April with an average internode distance of 1.39 cm and thorn length of 4.01 mm. The leaves were reddish orange when young and green at mature stage with an average length of 7.42 cm and width of 3.73 cm. The inflorescences borne on top and middle of the plant with purplish red bracts of an average length of 3.97 cm and width of 3.19 cm. It had 232 flowering days in a year. Minhong 1 and its parent had a close genetic relationship according to the molecular sequences. Conclusion Minhong 1 was a newly bred bougainvillea cultivar with prolonged florescence, abundant flowers, and high ornamental value for landscaping. It has officially been certified as a new bougainvillea variety issued by the National Forestry and Grassland Administration with the Variety Right of No. 20210523 in October 2021. -
Key words:
- Bougainvillea spp. /
- new breed /
- seedling selection /
- cutting propagation
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图 3 闽红1号（左）与黄金大奖（右）的比较
Figure 3. Characteristics of Minhong 1 (left) and Golden Jackpot (right)
图 4 闽红 1 号（左）及银边浅紫（右）的比较
Figure 4. Characteristics of Minhong 1 (left) and Mrs. Eva Mauve Variegate (right)
表 1 闽红1号和黄金大奖颜色对比
Table 1. Colors of Minhong 1 and Golden Jackpot
品种 Cultivar 嫩枝 Sprout 叶片主色 Main color of leaf 叶片次色 Secondary color of leaf 闽红1号 Minhong 1 橘红色 Reddish orange 中绿色 Green 无 None 黄金大奖 Golden Jackpot 中绿色 Green 黄绿色 Yellow green 中绿色 Green 
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表 2 闽红1号与母本品比试验主要性状表现
Table 2. Major characteristics of Minhong 1 and its parent
品种
Cultivar年份
Year节间距
Internode
length/cm刺长
Thorn
length/mm叶长
Leaf
length/cm叶宽
Leaf
width/cm苞片长
Bract
length/cm苞片宽
Bract
width/cm全年花期天数
Flowering days of
the year/d闽红1号 Minhong 1 2014 0.87±0.17 4.33±0.66 7.87±0.37 3.57±0.26 4.13±0.05 3.07±0.12 233.33±7.04 2015 1.17±0.21 4.43±0.98 7.63±0.37 3.87±0.45 4.17±0.12 3.17±0.09 235.00±6.16 平均值 Mean 1.02±0.24 4.38±0.84 7.75±0.39 3.72±0.40 4.15±0.10 3.12±0.12 234.17±6.67 银边浅紫 Mrs.Eva Mauve Variegata 2014 2.10±0.24 3.70±0.45 6.43±0.29 3.53±0.29 3.27±0.05 2.23±0.12 222.00±2.16 2015 1.97±0.25 3.93±0.54 6.40±0.16 3.57±0.39 3.43±0.30 2.77±0.05 227.67±4.50 平均值 Mean 2.03±0.26* 3.82±0.51 6.14±0.23* 3.55±0.34 3.35±0.20* 2.50±0.28* 224.83±4.52 *表示品种间差异显著（P＜0.05）。表3同。
*significant difference between cultivars（P＜0.05）. Same for Table 3.
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表 3 闽红1号多点试验主要性状表现
Table 3. Major characteristics of Minhong 1 exhibited in multi-point test
品种
Cultivar地点
Site年份
Year节间距
Internode
length/cm刺长
Thorn
length/mm叶长
Leaf
length/cm叶宽
Leaf
width/cm苞片长
Bract
length/cm苞片宽
Bract
width/cm全年花期天数
Flowering days of
the year/d闽红1号
Minhong 1厦门思明区
Siming District, Xiamen2017 1.07±0.31 3.80±0.24 7.63±0.37 3.90±0.28 3.83±0.25 3.20±0.29 230.67±6.85 2018 1.03±0.39 4.37±0.52 7.47±0.33 3.60±0.43 4.10±0.16 3.27±0.17 238.00±12.03 平均值 Mean 1.05±0.35 4.08±0.50 7.55±0.36 3.75±0.39 3.97±0.25 3.12±0.12 234.33±10.45 厦门同安区
Tong’an, Xiamen2017 2.07±0.27 4.37±0.62 7.50±0.54 3.33±0.26 3.87±0.25 3.17±0.05 234.33±9.74 2018 1.67±0.58 4.03±0.66 7.17±0.25 3.70±0.08 3.77±0.09 3.23±0.17 225.00±12.32 平均值 Mean 1.87±0.50 4.20±0.66 7.33±0.45 3.52±0.27 3.82±0.20 3.20±0.13 229.67±12.05 漳州
Zhangzhou2017 1.30±0.22 3.67±0.45 7.53±0.42 3.80±0.29 4.17±0.09 3.23±0.12 228.67±8.99 2018 1.20±0.22 3.83±0.63 7.23±0.25 4.07±0.58 4.07±0.12 3.03±0.34 235.67±6.17 平均值 Mean 1.25±0.22 3.75±0.56 7.38±0.38 3.93±0.48 4.12±0.12 3.07±0.22 232.17±8.47 综合平均值
Overall Mean1.39±0.51 4.01±0.61 7.42±0.41* 3.73±0.45 3.97±0.23 3.19±0.23 232.06±10.60 银边浅紫
Mrs.Eva Mauve
Variegata厦门思明区
Siming District, Xiamen2017 2.33±0.37 3.93±0.17 6.37±0.29 3.50±0.16 3.73±0.41 3.10±0.29 217.67±4.78 2018 2.57±0.12 3.60±0.51 6.00±0.57 4.03±0.39 3.90±0.16 2.53±0.31 218.33±3.68 平均值 Mean 2.45±0.30 3.77±0.41 6.18±0.49 3.77±0.40 3.82±0.32 2.82±0.41 218.00±4.28 厦门同安区
Tong’an District, Xiamen2017 2.47±0.33 3.57±0.48 5.60±0.37 3.10±0.50 3.47±0.46 2.80±0.29 227.00±5.89 2018 1.73±0.49 3.20±0.37 5.97±0.61 3.87±0.50 3.43±0.05 2.40±0.22 220.33±10.08 平均值 Mean 2.10±0.56 3.38±0.47 5.78±0.54 3.48±0.63 3.45±0.33 2.60±0.33 223.67±8.90 漳州
Zhangzhou2017 1.67±0.31 3.93±0.21 5.60±0.67 3.53±0.26 3.50±0.29 3.23±0.19 225.33±6.02 2018 2.40±0.29 3.43±0.50 5.77±0.66 3.73±0.52 3.77±0.17 2.73±0.29 216.67±4.19 平均值 Mean 2.03±0.47 3.68±0.46 5.68±0.68 3.63±0.66 3.87±0.35 2.98±0.38 221.00±6.76 综合平均值
Overall mean2.19±0.49 3.61±0.48 5.88±0.61 3.63±0.51 3.65±0.35 2.80±0.40 220.89±7.29
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表 4 闽红1号、银边浅紫和黄金大奖的遗传相似系数
Table 4. Genetic similarity coefficient among Minhong 1, Mrs. Eva Mauve Variegata, and Golden Jackpot （单位：%）
品种 Varieties Bou1-1 Bou1-2 Bou1-3 Bou1-4 Bou1-5 Bou2-1 76.24 76.47 76.52 76.63 76.34 Bou2-2 76.17 76.29 76.33 76.45 76.23 Bou2-3 76.53 76.91 76.75 76.81 76.92 Bou2-4 75.97 76.14 76.12 76.21 76.03 Bou2-5 75.93 75.96 76.15 76.09 75.88 Bou3-1 72.50 72.83 72.79 72.67 72.55 Bou3-2 71.48 71.57 71.90 71.79 71.40 Bou3-3 72.54 72.57 73.04 72.76 72.34 Bou3-4 71.80 71.99 72.21 71.95 71.64 Bou3-5 71.98 72.10 72.41 72.41 71.99 Bou1-1至Bou1-5表示闽红1号、Bou2-1至Bou2-5表示银边浅紫，Bou3-1至Bou3-5表示黄金大奖。
Bou1-1to Bou1-5: Minhong 1; Bou2-1 to Bou2-5: Mrs. Eva Mauve Variegata; Bou3-1 to Bou3-5: Golden Jackpot.
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