施用酸性土壤调节剂、腐熟咖啡果皮对咖啡苗生长及土壤养分含量、酶活性的影响

董云萍; 赵青云; 张昂; 赵少官; 龙宇宙; 孙燕; 谭军; 林兴军

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.011.016

施用酸性土壤调节剂、腐熟咖啡果皮对咖啡苗生长及土壤养分含量、酶活性的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.011.016

董云萍^1,,
赵青云¹,
张昂¹,
赵少官^{1, 2},
龙宇宙^1, ,,
孙燕¹,
谭军¹,
林兴军¹

1.
中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所/农业农村部香辛饮料作物遗传资源利用重点实验室/海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室，海南　万宁　571533
2.
河南农业大学资源与环境学院，河南　郑州　450003

基金项目: 云南省科技厅院士（专家）工作站项目（202105AF150081）；海南省自然科学基金项目（321QN327）

详细信息

作者简介:
董云萍（1967−），女，研究员，研究方向：高效栽培技术研究（E-mail：dongyunping@qq.com）

通讯作者:
龙宇宙（1964−），男，研究员，研究方向：高效栽培技术研究（E-mail：lyzh28007@163.com）

中图分类号: S 571.2
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-07
- 修回日期: 2022-08-26
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-29
- 刊出日期: 2022-11-28

Effects of Application of Acid Soil Conditioner and Fermented Coffee Peels on Growth of Coffee Seedlings and Fertility and Enzyme Activities of Soil

1.
Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops of Hainan Provincial, Wanning, Hainan　571533, China
2.
College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan　450003, China

摘要

摘要: 目的研究咖啡园施用酸性土壤调节剂、腐熟咖啡果皮对咖啡苗生长及土壤养分含量、酶活的影响，为促进农业废弃物咖啡果皮的综合利用和改良咖啡园酸性土壤质量提供技术支持和理论依据。方法采集56年龄咖啡园土壤，添加不同量的酸性土壤调节剂克酸宝（TL）和腐熟咖啡果皮（CP），试验处理分别为：对照CK（表土100%）、TL1（TL 2%）、TL2 （TL 4%）、TL3（TL 6%）、TL4（TL 8%）、CP1 （CP 4%）、CP2（CP 8%），分析添加TL和CP对咖啡叶片光合参数、干物质积累量、土壤pH值、土壤养分含量及土壤酶活性的影响。结果添加TL提高土壤pH值0.8～1.6，添加CP土壤pH值先增后降，种植6个月，土壤pH值比对照降低0.50个单位；土壤速效钾、交换性钙、交换性镁含量随TL和CP施入量增加而显著增加，CP处理全N、碱解氮、速效磷显著高于其余处理，但添加TL处理土壤速效磷显著降低，其中TL4比对照低69.34%。光合参数表现最好的是TL2、 TL3，二磷酸核酮糖（RuBP）酶活性、净光合速率（Pn）分别比对照提高101.16%、135.30%，81.71%、80.35%。其次为CP1、CP2；添加TL和CP土壤酶活性除酸性磷酸酶（ACP）与对照差异不显著外，其余酶活均有不同程度提高。各处理碱性磷酸酶（ALP）是对照的2.05～3.71倍，过氧化氢酶（S-CAT）显著高于对照109.62%～18.60%，由高到低为CP2＞CP1＞TL4＞TL3＞TL2。脲酶（S-UE）比对照高18.70%～5.37%，最高为CP2、CP1，其次为TL1、TL4。TL2、 TL3、CP1、CP2处理不同程度促进了咖啡植株生长和干物质累积量，其中株高、茎粗比对照提高25.09%～81.29%，叶、根、茎干重和单株总干重比对照提高1.65～5.02倍，效果最显著为CP1处理。结论施用适量的TL和CP改善了土壤微生物环境，提高了土壤养分有效性，促进了咖啡植株的生长。但TL添加量增加，土壤交换态钙过高会引起磷的固定，添加CP随着有机氮的矿化，使土壤pH值降低。
- 酸性土壤调节剂 /
- 腐熟咖啡果皮 /
- 咖啡苗生长 /
- 土壤养分 /
- 土壤酶活性.
Abstract: Objective Means to utilize coffee peel waste and improve quality of ground soil at coffee plantations were investigated. Method The soil at a 56-year-old coffee plantation was used as the base material for the pot experiment. Aside from CK using 100% plantation soil, treatments applied the mass fractions of acid soil conditioner (TL) and fermented coffee peels (CP) including TL1 (2% TL), TL2 (4% TL), TL3 (6% TL), TL4 (8% TL), CP1 (4% CP), and CP2 (8% CP) were added to the potting soil. Leaf photosynthetic properties, and RuBP activity, growth indicators, and dry biomass accumulation of the seedlings, as well as nutrient content, pH, and activities of acid phosphatase (S-ACP), alkaline phosphatase (S-ALP), catalase (S-CAT), and urease (S-UE) in soil were determined. Result The addition of TL raised 0.8-1.6 on the soil pH, while CP increased it at first, then decreased, and became 0.50 lower than CK after 6 months. The available K and exchangeable Ca and Mg in soil were significantly increased with increasing TL or CP. But the available P significantly dropped by the added TL which, at TL4, was 69.34% lower than CK. The total N, alkaline N, and available P were significantly higher with CP than other treatments. TL2 and TL3 showed the greatest effects on RuBP enzyme activity with significantly 101.16% and 135.30%, respectively, and on net photosynthesis (Pn) 81.71% and 80.35%, respectively, higher than CK. And those were followed by the treatments of CP1 and CP2. All enzyme activities in the soils treated by TL and CP were higher than CK, except ACP, which was similar to CK. The S-ALP activities in the treatment soils were 2.05 to 3.71 times higher than CK. The S-CAT activities were higher than CK by 109.62%-18.60% in the order of CP2＞CP1＞TL4＞TL3＞TL2. The S-UE activities were 18.70%-5.37% higher than CK with the highest showing under CP2 and CP1 followed by TL1 and TL4. The TL2, TL3, CP1, and CP2 treatments promoted the growth and dry matter accumulation of coffee seedlings with plant height and stem diameter increases by 25.09%-81.29% and total and dry weights of leaves, roots, and stems by 1.65-5.02 times over CK. Among them, CP1 delivered the greatest rises. Conclusion Application of TL and CP improved the soil microbial environment, increased the availability of soil nutrients, and promoted the coffee seedling growth. However, excessive TL could bring about high exchangeable Ca inducing P fixation, and with CP addition, the mineralization of organic N would lower the pH in soil. Consequently, the appropriate use of TL and CP was expected to achieve the goal of improving acid soil quality, utilizing coffee waste, and enhancing coffee cultivation at the plantations.
- Acid soil conditioner /
- fermented coffee peel /
- coffee seedling growth /
- soil nutrient content /
- soil enzyme activity

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图 1 不同处理随种植时间的增加土壤pH值变化

图中数据为各处理pH值的平均值与对照pH值平均值的差值。

Figure 1. Changes on soil pH under treatments in time after potting

Data are expressed as differences between means of treatment sample and CK.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 不同处理咖啡叶片光合参数

图中数值代表各处理的平均值，误差线为标准偏差，不同小写字母表示差异显著（P＜0.05）。下图同。

Figure 2. Photosynthetic characteristics of coffee seedlings under treatments

Column height represents average value of a treatment; error bar, standard error; data with different lowercase letters, significant differences in ANOVA (P＜0.05). Same for following figures.

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图 3 不同处理咖啡叶片二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶活性

Figure 3. RuBP enzyme activity of coffee seedlings under treatments

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图 4 不同处理咖啡氮平衡指数（NBI）和叶绿素相对含量（CHI）

Figure 4. Nitrogen balance index and chlorophyll relative content of coffee seedlings under treatments

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图 5 不同处理咖啡植株生长量

Figure 5. Growth indicators of coffee seedlings under treatments

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图 6 不同处理咖啡植株干物质累积量

Figure 6. Dry biomass accumulation of coffee seedlings under treatments

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图 7 不同处理土壤酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性

Figure 7. Activities of S-ACP, S-ALP, S-CAT, and S-UE in treatment soils

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表 1 试验材料养分含量及pH值

Table 1. Nutrient content and pH of test materials

试验材料 Test materials	SiO₂/ %	CaO/ %	MgO/ %	有机质 Organic matter/%	全氮 Total N/(mg·g⁻¹)	速效磷 Available p /(mg·g⁻¹)	速效钾 Available K/(mg·g⁻¹)	pH值
腐熟咖啡果皮 fermented coffee peel	—	1.03	1.07	85.0	15.2	4.18	46.45	9.2
酸性土壤调节剂 acid soil conditioner	18.0	20.0	4.0	8.0	—	—	—	8.5
表土 Pod soil	—	0.007	0.004	1.72	1.20	0.214	0.079	5.4
“—”表示未测定含量。 "—" indicates undetermined content.

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表 2 不同处理土壤养分含量

Table 2. Soil nutrient content under treatments

处理 Treatment	全氮 Total N/(g·kg⁻¹)	碱解氮 Alkaline N/(mg·kg⁻¹)	速效磷 Available P/(mg·kg⁻¹)	速效钾 Available K/(mg·kg⁻¹)	交换性钙 Exchangeable Ca/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	交换性镁 Exchangeable Mg/ (mg·kg⁻¹)
CK	1.05± 0.02d	71.33±0.56d	170.29±1.04c	89.90±0.79f	1217.42±94.08f	163.92± 4.43g
TL1	1.40± 0.02c	81.34±1.13cd	124.23±1.17d	258.88±2.53e	2404.83±28.25d	323.75±3.50e
TL2	1.35± 0.03 cd	84.53±1.40cd	64.99±5.09e	394.50±1.94d	2901.08±68.35b	396.08±3.67c
TL3	1.37±0.02cd	81.76±2.21cd	55.94±2.18f	477.25±6.36c	2953.42±45.46b	415.83±4.24b
TL4	1.52±0.03bc	89.43±5.11c	52.21±0.62f	527.00±5.26b	3365.50±43.79a	479.17± 5.13a
CP1	1.80± 0.16b	147.12±4.90b	190.06±3.04b	389.90±2.26d	2028.33±27.78e	248.08±4.87f
CP2	2.38± 0.21a	192.91±6.56a	215.00±0.52a	611.23±7.15a	2669.42±52.06c	343.67±4.42d
表中数据为各处理的平均值±标准误差，同一列不同英文字母表示差异在P＜0.05水平具有统计学意义。 Data are expressed as mean±standard deviation; data with different letters on same column indicate significant differences at P＜0.05.

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