闽育1号小叶萍的选育研究

郑向丽; 王俊宏; 徐国忠

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.011.017

闽育1号小叶萍的选育研究

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.011.017

福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所/国家红萍资源中心，福建　福州　350003

基金项目: 福建省自然科学基金项目（2021J01468）；国家绿肥产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-22）；福建省农业高质量发展超越“5511”协同创新工程项目（XTCXGC2021010）

详细信息

作者简介:
郑向丽（1978−），女，硕士，副研究员，主要从事牧草（红萍、绿肥）育种与综合利用研究（E-mail：hhuadi@163.com）

通讯作者:
徐国忠（1965−），男，研究员，主要从事红萍种质资源保存研究（E-mail：xuguozhong178@hotmail.com）

中图分类号: S 555
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-27
- 修回日期: 2022-06-21
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-29
- 刊出日期: 2022-11-28

Breeding Azolla microphylla Minyu 1

Agricultural Ecology Institute，Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Azolla Germplasm Center, Fuzhou, Fujian　350003, China

摘要

摘要: 目的选育产量高、耐热又耐寒、品质优良和适应性广的红萍新品种。方法以母本小叶萍4018和父本细绿萍1001进行种间杂交选育。结果选育出红萍新品种闽育1号小叶萍（A.microphylla ‘Minyu.1’），2015年该品种通过全国草品种审定委员会审定。2001–2015年进行品种比较试验、区域试验和生产试验。国家区域试验结果显示：闽育1号小叶萍平均干草产量为88 209 kg·hm⁻²，比对照覆瓦状萍500（34 146 kg·hm⁻²）平均增产158.3 %，差异极显著（P＜0.01）；比父本细绿萍1001（67 398 kg·hm⁻²）平均增产30.9%，差异极显著（P＜0.01）；比母本小叶萍4018（71 738 kg·hm⁻²）平均增产23.0 %，差异极显著（P＜0.01），表现出很好的丰产性和稳产性。该品种干物质营养成分含量为粗蛋白26.3%、粗脂肪16.0%、粗纤维11.2%、粗灰分13.6%、酸性洗涤纤维36.9%、中性洗涤纤维50.3%。结论该品种具有繁殖快、产量高以及较强的抗寒抗热性，全国各地均可生长，适宜生长温度10～30 ℃，可作为鱼、牛、猪、鸡、鸭、鹅等动物的青饲料，亦可作为稻田的水生绿肥。
- 闽育1号小叶萍 /
- 新品种选育 /
- 产量 /
- 营养成分
Abstract: Objective A new high-quality, high-yield, heat- and cold-tolerant Azolla with broad-adaptability was bred. Method Minyu 1 was bred by interspecies crossing male parent A. filiculoides 1001 and female parent A. microphylla 4018. Result After being screened at the variety comparison test and the regional and field trials conducted from 2001 to 2015, Minyu 1 was registered by the Chinese Herbage Cultivar Registration Board in 2015. It demonstrated an average hay yield of 88 209 kg·hm⁻², which was significantly 158.3% higher than 34 146 kg·hm⁻² exhibited by the reference variety, A. imbricata 500, 30.9% significantly higher than that of the parent, A. filiculoides 1001, at 67 398 kg·hm⁻², and 30.9% significantly higher than that of the parent, A. microphylla 4018, at 71 738 kg·hm⁻² (P＜0.01). It was also stable in maintaining the high yield performance. The nutritional content (dry matters) of Minyu 1 included 26.3% of crude protein, 16.0% of crude fat, 11.2% of crude fiber, 13.6% of crude ash, 36.9% of acidic detergent fiber, and 50.3% of neutral detergent fiber. Conclusion Minyu 1 had a short generation cycle, high yield, and strong cold- and heat-resistance suitable for cultivation in the country. The optimal temperature for its growth was 10-30 ℃. It could be used as green forage for raising fish, cattle, pigs, chickens, ducks, geese, and other animals, or as an aquatic green fertilizer in paddy fields as well.
- Azolla microphylla Minyu 1 /
- breeding new varieties /
- yield /
- nutritional composition

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表 1 闽育1号小叶萍品种比较试验的产草量

Table 1. Yield of A. microphylla Minyu 1 in comparison test

品种 Varieties	鲜草产量 Fresh yield/（kg·hm⁻²）				干草产量 Hay yield/（kg·hm⁻²）
品种 Varieties	2001	2002	2003	平均值 Average	2001	2002	2003	平均值 Average
闽育1号小叶萍 A. microphylla ‘Minyu. 1’	1323600 aA	1365700 aA	1528600 aA	1405967 aA	101295 aA	106948 aA	119934 aA	109392 aA
细绿萍1001 A. filiculoides	1046700 bB	1053550 bB	1069875 bB	1056708 bB	78025 bB	80700 bB	80550 bB	79758 bB
小叶萍4018 A. microphylla	1071350 bB	1081075 bB	1096400 bB	1082942 bB	79850 bB	82500 bB	83825 bB	82058 bB
覆瓦状萍500 A.imbricata	364600 cC	379100 cC	387500 cC	377067 cC	27166 cC	29812 cC	29962 cC	28980 cC
同列不同小写字母表示差异显著（P＜0.05）；同列不同大写字母表示差异极显著（P＜0.01），下同。 Data with different lowercase or capital letters on same row represent significant differences at 0. 05 level or 0. 01 level, respectively. Same for below.

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表 2 闽育1号小叶萍区域试验干草产量

Table 2. Hay yield of A. microphylla Minyu 1 in regional trial

地点 Location	时间 Time	闽育1号小叶萍 A. microphylla Minyu No.1/ （kg·hm⁻²）	细绿萍1001 A. filiculoides/ （kg·hm⁻²）	增产 Yield increased/%	显著性 Significance	小叶萍4018 A. microphylla/ （kg·hm⁻²）	增产 Yield increased/%	显著性 Significance	覆瓦状萍500 A. imbricata/ （kg·hm⁻²）	增产 Yield increased/%	显著性 Significance
福州 Fuzhou	2013.2—2014.2	85990	69240	24.2	P＜0.01	69630	23.5	P＜0.01	33980	153.1	P＜0.01
福州 Fuzhou	2014.2—2015.2	85780	70970	20.9	P＜0.01	71340	20.2	P＜0.01	34360	149.7	P＜0.01
漳州 Zhangzhou	2013.2—2014.2	93690	67210	39.4	P＜0.01	75290	24.4	P＜0.01	35250	165.8	P＜0.01
漳州 Zhangzhou	2014.2—2015.2	93270	66040	41.2	P＜0.01	75310	23.8	P＜0.01	35570	162.2	P＜0.01
龙岩 Longyan	2013.2—2014.2	87760	62940	39.4	P＜0.01	71840	22.2	P＜0.01	33090	165.2	P＜0.01
龙岩 Longyan	2014.2—2015.2	88660	63610	39.4	P＜0.01	72020	23.1	P＜0.01	33340	165.9	P＜0.01
南平 Nanping	2013.2—2014.2	84980	69540	22.2	P＜0.01	69080	23.0	P＜0.01	33540	153.4	P＜0.01
南平 Nanping	2014.2—2015.2	85540	69630	22.8	P＜0.01	69390	23.3	P＜0.01	34040	151.3	P＜0.01
平均 Average		88209	67398	30.9	P＜0.01	71738	23.0	P＜0.01	34146	158.3	P＜0.01

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表 3 闽育1号小叶萍生产试验干草产量

Table 3. Hay yield of A. microphylla Minyu 1 in production trial

地点 Location	时间Time	闽育1号小叶萍 A. microphylla Minyu No.1/ （kg·hm⁻²）	1001 A. filiculoides/ （kg·hm⁻²）	增产 Yield increased/%	显著性 Significance	小叶萍4018 A. microphylla/ （kg·hm⁻²）	增产 Yield increased/%	显著性 Significance	覆瓦状萍500 A.imbricata/ （kg·hm⁻²）	增产 Yield increased/%	显著性 Significance
福州 Fuzhou	2011.9—2012.9	84647	66489	27.3	P＜0.01	68063	24.4	P＜0.01	33539	152.4	P＜0.01
	2012.9—2013.9	85996	66462	29.4	P＜0.01	69006	24.6	P＜0.01	33631	155.7	P＜0.01
	2013.9—2014.9	86224	65817	31.0	P＜0.01	68679	25.5	P＜0.01	33987	153.7	P＜0.01
漳州 Zhangzhou	2011.9—2012.9	92606	60085	54.1	P＜0.01	72986	26.9	P＜0.01	31884	190.4	P＜0.01
	2012.9—2013.9	92108	62639	47.0	P＜0.01	74160	24.2	P＜0.01	32113	186.8	P＜0.01
	2013.9—2014.9	93140	63759	46.1	P＜0.01	73449	26.8	P＜0.01	32858	183.5	P＜0.01
龙岩 Longyan	2011.9—2012.9	86565	61777	40.1	P＜0.01	70668	22.5	P＜0.01	31966	170.8	P＜0.01
	2012.9—2013.9	87417	62411	40.1	P＜0.01	70849	23.4	P＜0.01	32292	170.7	P＜0.01
	2013.9—2014.9	87911	64221	36.9	P＜0.01	71934	22.2	P＜0.01	32632	169.4	P＜0.01
南平 Nanping	2011.9—2012.9	82588	69771	18.4	P＜0.01	67886	21.7	P＜0.01	32334	155.4	P＜0.01
	2012.9—2013.9	84323	69402	21.5	P＜0.01	68869	22.4	P＜0.01	31887	164.4	P＜0.01
	2013.9—2014.9	84554	69573	21.5	P＜0.01	68297	23.8	P＜0.01	32489	160.3	P＜0.01
平均 Average		87340	65200	34.0		70404	24.1		32634	167.6

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