减氮配施生物炭对水稻产量及不同生育期氮素累积的影响

徐彬; 王小利; 蒙婼熙; 杨宏伟; 龙大勇; 梅婷婷; 段建军

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.012.003

减氮配施生物炭对水稻产量及不同生育期氮素累积的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.012.003

1.
贵州大学农学院，贵州　贵阳　550025
2.
贵州大学烟草学院，贵州　贵阳　550025

基金项目: 贵州大学培育项目（贵大培育[2019]12号）；国家自然科学基金项目（31860160）

详细信息

作者简介:
徐彬（1996−），男，硕士研究生，主要从事植物营养与施肥研究（E-mail：1947242121@qq.com）

通讯作者:
王小利（1979−），女，博士，教授，主要从事土壤与培肥研究（E-mail：xlwang@gzu.edu.cn）

中图分类号: S 511
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-07
- 修回日期: 2022-07-03
- 网络出版日期: 2022-12-28
- 刊出日期: 2022-03-28

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction Accompanied by Biochar Application on Yield and Nitrogen Accumulation of Rice at Various Growth Stages

1.
College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou　550025, China
2.
College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou　550025, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究化学氮肥减量配施不同生物炭比例的还田效应，为稻田秸秆生物炭高效利用提供依据。方法采用田间定位试验，共设6个处理：对照CK（不施氮肥，只施磷钾肥）、常规施肥T0（100%化肥氮）、T1（90%化肥氮+2.5 t·hm⁻² 生物炭）、T2（80%化肥氮+5.0 t·hm⁻² 生物炭）、T3（70%化肥氮+7.5 t·hm⁻² 生物炭）、T4（60%化肥氮+10.0 t·hm⁻² 生物炭）。每个处理3次重复，按随机区组排列。结果水稻产量随减氮配施生物炭比例增加呈先增加后降低趋势，以T2处理最高，较常规施肥T0处理显著提高了10.22%（P＜0.05）。3个时期地上部和根系各处理氮素累积量分别为T2和T3处理最高，且氮素累积量均成熟期最高；与T0处理相比，成熟期T1、T2和T3处理的秸秆和籽粒及根系氮素累积量分别提高了5.05%～15.96%、4.65%～21.45%和 6.76%～19.00%，且籽粒部分氮素累积量最高。T1～T4处理的秸秆生物量、氮肥偏生产力和氮肥农学效率较T0处理分别提高了5.34%～41.44%、17.43%～63.81%和42.50%～85.93%，T1、T2和T3处理的氮肥表观利用率提高了77.12%～106.79%，均T2处理最高；与T0处理相比，T1处理的氮素收获指数降低，其余处理均增加。结论 80%化肥氮+5.0 t·hm⁻²生物炭能显著增加水稻产量、提高氮肥利用效率和促进水稻对氮素的累积。
- 水稻产量 /
- 生物炭 /
- 生育期 /
- 氮素累积量 /
- 氮肥利用效率
Abstract: Objective Effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction accompanied by a biochar addition on the yield and nutrient conversion of rice plants were analyzed to promote straw waste utilization in paddy fields. Method In a field experiment, designated lots was assigned for fertilization on rice plants using either only P and K but no N fertilizer (CK), conventional 100% N fertilization (T0), 90% N fertilization with addition of 2.5 t·hm⁻² biochar (T1), 80% N fertilization with addition of 5.0 t·hm⁻² biochar (T2), 70% N fertilization with addition of 7.5 t·hm⁻² biochar (T3), or 60% N fertilization with addition of 10.0 t·hm⁻² biochar (T4). The triplicated treatments were arranged by random block group. Results The rice yield increased as the N fertilizer was increasingly reduced along with the added biochar to peak at the T2 treatment. The 10.22% increase over T0 was significant (P＜0.05), but it started to decline upon further reduction on N. The greatest N accumulation in the rice shoots was found under T2 as well as in the roots under T3 and at maturation. Under T1, T2, and T3, the N accumulations in the straws of a rice plant at maturity increased by 5.05%–15.96%, in the roots by 6.76%–19.00%, and the highest in the grains by 4.65%–21.45% over T0. The straw biomass, N partial productivity, and N agronomic efficiency increased by 5.34%–41.44%, 17.43%–63.81%, and 42.50%–85.93% over T0 under T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively, while the apparent N utilization enhanced by 77.12%–106.79% with T2 being the most. The N harvest index of T1 was lower than T0, but higher than other treatments. Conclusion The 80% N fertilization with the addition of 5.0 t·hm⁻² biochar (T2) significantly increased the yield, N utilization efficiency, and N accumulation of the rice plants.
- Rice yields /
- biochar /
- growth period /
- nitrogen accumulation /
- nitrogen use efficiency

HTML全文

图 1 不同生育期地上部各施肥处理氮素积累量

不同小写字母表示同一时期不同处理间差异显著（P＜0.05）。图2、3同。

Figure 1. Nitrogen accumulation in aboveground rice plant at various growth stages

Data with different letters on same column indicate significant difference (P＜0.05). Same for Figs.2, 3.

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图 2 不同生育期根系各施肥处理氮素积累量

Figure 2. Nitrogen accumulation in roots at various growth stages of rice plants under treatments

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图 3 水稻成熟期不同施肥处理的氮素积累量和分配比例

Figure 3. N accumulation and distribution in rice plants at maturity under treatments

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表 1 不同处理的生物炭和化肥用量

Table 1. Fertilizer and biochar applications for treatments

处理 Treatment	生物炭 Biochar/ （t·hm⁻²）	化肥用量 Consumption of chemical fertilizers/（kg·hm⁻²）
处理 Treatment	生物炭 Biochar/ （t·hm⁻²）	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
CK	0.0	0	148	230
T0	0.0	150	148	230
T1	2.5	135	148	230
T2	5.0	120	148	230
T3	7.5	105	148	230
T4	10.0	90	148	230

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表 2 不同施肥处理的水稻产量及其构成因子

Table 2. Rice yield and components under treatments

处理 Treatments	有效穗数 Number of productive ear/（×10⁴ 穗·hm⁻²）	穗粒数 Kernels per spike	结实率 Setting rate/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g	水稻产量 Rice yield/（t·hm⁻²）
CK	144.44±10.49 c	181.65±28.08 c	83.02±3.80 c	24.93±0.11 b	6.95±0.54 d
T0	156.95±9.39 bc	216.28±25.48 bc	92.56±0.75 a	25.37±0.57 ab	8.91±0.42 bc
T1	189.58±11.03 a	226.54±21.92 b	92.91±1.02 a	25.78±1.04 ab	9.41±0.29 ab
T2	194.44±9.85 a	275.03±16.55 a	87.31±0.17 b	25.81±0.68 ab	9.82±0.42 a
T3	175.83±8.04 ab	224.07±17.31 b	91.21±0.65 a	26.26±0.19 a	9.27±0.33 ab
T4	184.72±13.87 a	253.64±21.83 ab	90.19±0.23 ab	26.47±0.73 a	8.30±0.59 c
同列数值后不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著（P＜0.05）。表3同。 A lowercase letter after the value of each column indicates the significance of the difference between treatments (P＜0.05). Same for Table 3.

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表 3 不同施肥处理的秸秆生物量及氮肥利用率

Table 3. Straw biomass and N utilization efficiency of rice plants under treatments

处理 Treatment	秸秆生物量 Straw biomass/（t·hm⁻²）	氮肥偏生产力 PFPN/（kg·kg⁻¹）	氮肥农学效率 AEN/(kg·kg⁻¹)	氮肥表观利用率 REN/%	氮素收获指数 NHI/%
CK	6.62±0.50 c	—	—	—	59.76±2.98 c
T0	7.11±0.63 bc	51.34±3.48 d	12.44±0.96 c	15.72±0.76 b	60.44±2.04 bc
T1	10.05±0.27 a	60.29±1.88 c	17.73±0.87 b	29.18±2.72 a	59.92±3.27 c
T2	10.06±0.69 a	84.10±3.99 a	23.13±2.07 a	32.51±3.76 a	62.25±3.88 bc
T3	7.78±0.27 b	76.38±2.73 b	21.80±1.31 a	27.84±3.07 a	67.08±3.83 ab
T4	7.49±0.27 b	79.76±5.64 ab	18.24±0.44 b	11.22±1.24 b	70.47±5.89 a

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